Generic Classificatio Mechanism of action Indication Side effects/Adverse Drug to drug Nursing Implication

name n Effects Interaction

Paracetamol Analagesics Paracetamol has Fever, pain nausea, stomach - Increased INR may -Monitor for S&S of:
300mg/amp / analgesic and and pain, and loss of occur with patients hepatotoxicity, even
IV Antipyretic antipyretic action inflammation appetite taking warfarin. with moderate
with weak anti- acetaminophen doses.
inflammatory Adverse: - Cholestyramine may - Alcohol increases the
nephrotoxicity reduce the absorption risk of liver damage
activity. It produces
Liver damage of paracetamol from that can occur if an
analgesia by
the gut. overdose of
increasing pain paracetamol is taken.
threshold and - Metoclopramide and The hazards of
antipyresis by domperidone may paracetamol overdose
acting on the increase the absorption are greater in
hypothalamic heat- of paracetamol from persistent heavy
regulating center. the gut. drinkers and in people
with alcoholic liver
disease.
- Evaluate therapeutic
response.
Levothyroxi Thyroid Levothyroxine Na Levothyroxin -increased May alter requirements -Monitor pulse before
ne 25 hormones is a synthetic form e is indicated appetite. of antidiabetic drugs. each dose during dose
mcg/tab OD of thyroxine which as -weight loss. Increased risk of adjustment. If rate is
30 mins increases the basal replacement significant HTN and >100, consult
-heat sensitivity.
metabolic rate therapy in tachycardia w/ physician.
primary -excessive ketamine. Increased
(BMR) and the sweating.
(thyroidal), metabolic demands w/ -Monitor for adverse
utilization and -headache.
secondary sympathomimetics effects during early
mobilization of (pituitary) (e.g., epinephrine). adjustment. If
-hyperactivity.
glycogen stores and tertiary May increase metabolism increases
-nervousness.
and stimulates (hypothalami anticoagulant effect of too rapidly, especially
protein synthesis. c) congenital warfarin. in older adults and
It is also involved in or acquired heart disease patients,
 normal hypothyroidi
metabolism, sm. symptoms of angina or
growth and cardiac failure may
development. appear.
These effects are
mediated at the
cellular level by the
thyroxine
metabolite, tri-
iodothyronine.
Clopidogrel Anticoagul Clopidogrel Clopidogrel -headaches or Increased risk of -Carefully monitor for
75mg/tab ants selectively and is indicated dizziness. bleeding with aspirin, and immediately
OD irreversibly inhibits to reduce the -nausea. anticoagulants, report S&S of GI
adenosine risk of antiplatelets, NSAIDs bleeding, especially
- constipation.
diphosphate (ADP) myocardial including when coadministered
infarction for -indigestion cyclooxygenase 2 with NSAIDs, aspirin,
from binding to its
patients with -stomach ache or (COX-2) inhibitors, heparin, or warfarin.
platelet P2Y12 abdominal pain.
non-ST thrombolytics
receptor and elevated -Evaluate patients with
-nosebleeds.
subsequent ADP- acute unexplained fever or
mediated coronary infection for
activation of syndrome myelotoxicity.
glycoprotein (ACS)
IIb/IIIa complex,
thus reducing
platelet
aggregation.
Pharmacokinetics:
Linagliptin Antidiabeti Linagliptin inhibits -cold-like Increased risk of -Observe response to
5mg/tab c agent dipeptidyl symptoms (stuffy hypoglycaemia when the initial dose and
OD peptidase-4 (DPP- Linagliptin is or runny nose, used w/ an insulin establish maintenance
4), an enzyme indicated for sore throat, cough) secretagogue (e.g. regimen cautiously in
 which is involved in the treatment -diarrhea. sulfonylurea) or older adult or
the inactivation of of type II insulin. debilitated patients;
the incretin diabetes early signs of
hormones GLP-1 hypoglycemia are
(glucagon-like easily overlooked.
peptide-1) and GIP
- The first signs of
(glucose-
hypoglycemia may be
dependent hard to detect in
insulinotropic patients receiving
polypeptide). concurrent beta
blockers or older
adults.

Telmisartan/ Angiotensi Telmisartan, a treatment of -sinus pain and Increased risk of Monitor BP carefully
Amlodipine n II nonpeptide diabetic congestion. hypotension with high after initial dose; and
80mg/10mg Antagonist tetrazole nephropathy -back pain. doses of diuretics (e.g. periodically thereafter.
tab OD
s derivative, is an in furosemide, Monitor more
-diarrhea.
angiotensin II type hypertensive hydrochlorothiazide) frequently with
patients with -sore throat and other preexisting biliary
1 (AT1) receptor
type 2 antihypertensives. obstructive disorders
antagonist
diabetes or hepatic
producing its BP mellitus, as insufficiency.
lowering effects by well as the
selectively blocking treatment of Monitor dialysis
the binding of congestive patients closely for
angiotensin II to heart failure orthostatic
AT1 receptors, hypotension.
thereby reducing
angiotensin II- Lab tests: Periodic
induced Hgb, creatinine
vasoconstriction
clearance, liver
 aldosterone-
secretion and Na enzymes.
reabsorption.

Trimetazidin Anti- Trimetazidine symptomatic vomiting, No drug interaction Assess for the
e 35mg/tab Anginal inhibits β-oxidation treatment of fatigue, mentioned
BID stable angina dizziness, contraindications to
Drugs of fatty acids by
pectoris in and myalgia this drug (e.g. renal
blocking long-chain patients
3-ketoacyl-CoA impairment, hyponatre
inadequately
mia, hypovolemia,
thiolase, thereby controlled or
intolerant to etc.) to prevent
enhancing glucose
first line potential adverse
oxidation. By effects.
therapies
preserving energy -Obtain baseline status
metabolism in cells for weight, vital signs,
exposed to overall skin condition,
ischaemia or and laboratory tests
hypoxia, it prevents like renal and hepatic
decrease in function tests, serum
intracellular ATP electrolyte, and
levels and ensures complete blood count
(CBC) with
proper functioning
differential to assess
of ionic pumps and
patient’s response to
transmembrane therapy.
Na-K flow.

Ceftriaxone Cephalospo Ceftriaxone is a 3rd Ceftriaxone -Blistering, May increase -Determine history of
1g IV q12 rins generation is used for peeling, or anticoagulant effect of hypersensitivity
the treatment loosening of the vit K antagonists (e.g. reactions to
cephalosporin
of the skin. warfarin). May increase cephalosporins and
antibiotic. It binds infections
 to 1 or more (respiratory, -chest pain. nephrotoxicity of penicillins and history
penicillin-binding skin, soft -coughing up aminoglycosides. of other allergies
tissue, UTI,
proteins (PBPs) blood.
ENT) caused -Lab tests: Perform
inhibiting the final by -decrease in the
transpeptidation amount of urine. culture and sensitivity
susceptible
tests before initiation
step of organisms -excessive muscle of therapy and
peptidoglycan tone. periodically during
synthesis in therapy. Dosage may
bacterial cell wall, be started pending test
leading to bacterial results. Periodic
cell lysis and death. coagulation studies
(PT and INR) should
be done.

-Inspect injection sites

for induration and
inflammation. Rotate
sites. Note IV
injection sites for signs
of phlebitis (redness,
swelling, pain).

-Monitor for
manifestations of
hypersensitivity (see
Appendix F). Report
their appearance
promptly and
discontinue drug.
Metronidazol Topical Metronidazole is a Metronidazol  loss of appetite, Psychotic reactions -Discontinue therapy
e 500mg IV Antibiotics 5-nitroimidazole e is indicated diarrhea, with disulfiram. May immediately if
for the constipation, or symptoms of CNS
antiprotozoal cause toxicity of
metallic taste in your
agent. It binds to treatment of mouth busulfan, 5- toxicity develop.
the confirmed fluorouracil.  Monitor especially for
deoxyribonucleic trichomonias seizures and peripheral
acid (DNA) of the is caused by neuropathy (e.g.,
causative organism Trichomonas numbness and
vaginalis paresthesia of
causing disruption
extremities).
in its structure and
thereby, inhibiting -Lab tests: Obtain total
protein synthesis and differential WBC
and causing counts before, during,
apoptosis. and after therapy,
especially if a second
course is necessary.

-Monitor for S&S of

sodium retention,
especially in patients
on corticosteroid
therapy or with a
history of CHF.

-Monitor patients on
lithium for elevated
lithium levels.

-Report appearance of
candidiasis or its
becoming more
prominent with
therapy to physician
promptly.
Insulin R 5 Insulin Insulin lowers Human -sweating. Possible absence of -Note: Frequency of
units + preparatio blood glucose insulin is -dizziness or hypoglycaemic blood glucose
Insulin N indicated to monitoring is
n levels. It regulates lightheadedness. warning symptoms
improve determined by the type
carbohydrate, glycemic -shakiness. with β-blockers.
protein and fat Decreased of insulin regimen and
control in -hunger. health status of the
metabolism by adults and hypoglycaemic effect
-fast heart rate. patient.
inhibiting hepatic pediatric with corticosteroids,
glucose production patients with danazol, diazoxide,
diabetes -Lab tests: Periodic
and lipolysis, and mellitus. diuretics. postprandial blood
enhancing glucose, and HbA1C.
peripheral glucose Test urine for ketones
disposal. in new, unstable, and
type 1 diabetes; if
patient has lost weight,
exercises vigorously,
or has an illness;
whenever blood
glucose is
substantially elevated.

-Notify physician
promptly for presence
of acetone with sugar
in the urine; may
indicate onset of
ketoacidosis. Acetone
without sugar in the
urine usually signifies
insufficient
carbohydrate intake.
-Monitor for
hypoglycemia (see
Appendix F) at time of
peak action of insulin.
Onset of
hypoglycemia (blood
sugar: 50–40 mg/dL)
may be rapid and
sudden.

-Check BP, I&O ratio,

and blood glucose and
ketones every hour
during treatment for
ketoacidosis with IV
insulin.