ACCIDENT AND LOSS STATISTICS

CH153

Q3 AY 2020-2021

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PERSONNEL SAFETY VS PROCESS SAFETY
Personnel Safety
Accident prevention through use of
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Measured by Lagging and Leading Indicators
Process Safety
Loss prevention through hazard identification,
technical evaluation and design of new
engineering features to prevent loss
Measured by Personnel Injury Statistics

Lagging Indicators • rely on events that have occurred

• i.e., occurrence of fires, explosions, equipment failures
Leading Indicators • predict the likelihood of an accident before it occurs
• i.e., % overdue equipment inspections

Personnel Injury • OSHA Incidence Rate

Statistics • Fatal Incidence Rate
• Fatality Rate

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ACCIDENT AND LOSS STATISTICS
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) Definitions
First Aid
One-time treatment and follow up
visits for the purpose of
observation of minor scratches,
cuts, burns, splinters that do not
require medical care
Medical Treatment
Treatment administered by a
physician, does not include first aid
treatment
Incident Rate
Number of occupational injuries
and/or illnesses or lost workdays
per 100 full-time employees
Lost Work Days
Number of days not including the
day of injury or illness which the
employee would have worked but
could not do so because of
occupational injury or illness
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ACCIDENT AND LOSS STATISTICS
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) Definitions
Occupational Injury
Any injury (cut, sprain or burn) that
results from a work accident or
from a single instantaneous
exposure in the work environment
Occupational Illness
Any abnormal condition or
disorder caused by exposure to
environmental factors associated
with employment
Recordable Cases
Cases involving an occupational
injury or illness
Recordable Fatality Cases
Injuries that result in death,
regardless of the time between the
injury and death or the length of
the illness
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ACCIDENT AND LOSS STATISTICS
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) Definitions
Recordable Non Fatal Cases
Without Lost Workdays
Cases of occupational injury or
illness that do not involve fatalities
or lost workdays but do result in
(1) transfer to another job or
termination of employment or (2)
medical treatment other than first
did or (3) diagnosis of occupational
illness or (4) loss of consciousness
Recordable Lost Workday Cases
Due to Restricted Duty
Injuries that result in the injured
person not being able to perform
their regular duties but being able
to perform duties consistent with
their normal work
Recordable Cases with Days Away
from Work
Injuries that result in the injured
person not being able to return to
work on their next regular workday
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ACCIDENT AND LOSS STATISTICS
Examples of statistical methods to characterize accident and loss performance
• OSHA incidence rate
• FAR
• Fatality rate, or deaths per person per year

Note: These methods only provide averages and do not reflect the potential for single
episodes involving substantial losses. NO single method is capable of measuring all
required aspects.

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ACCIDENT AND LOSS STATISTICS
OSHA Incidence Rate (based on injuries and illnesses)

No. of injuries and illness ´ 200,000

OSHA incidence rate (based on illness and injuries) =
Total hr worked by all employees
during period covered

OSHA Incidence Rate (based on lost workdays)

No. of lost workdays ´ 200,000

OSHA incidence rate (based on lost workdays) =
Total hr worked by all employees
during period covered

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ACCIDENT AND LOSS STATISTICS
Fatal Accident Rate

No. of fatalities ´108

FAR =
Total hr worked by all employeesduring period covered

Fatality Rate

No. of fatalities per year

Fatality rate =
Total number of people in applicable population

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ACCIDENT AND LOSS STATISTICS

An employee works in a chemical plant with a FAR of 4. If this employee works a 4-hour shift, 200
days per year, what is the expected deaths per person per year?

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ACCIDENT AND LOSS STATISTICS

A university has 1,200 full-time employees. In a particular year this university had 38 reportable lost-
time injuries with a resulting 274 lost workdays. Calculate the OSHA incidence rate based on injuries
and lost workdays.

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ACCIDENT AND LOSS STATISTICS

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ACCIDENT AND LOSS STATISTICS

The Accident Pyramid (Heinrich’s Triangle)

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ACCIDENT AND LOSS STATISTICS

The Accident Pyramid (Heinrich’s Triangle)

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ACCEPTABLE RISK

Risks cannot be eliminated entirely!

Every chemical process has a In the design stage, it has to be

certain amount of risk associated decided if the risks are
with it. “acceptable”.

Engineers must make every effort to minimize risks

within the economic constraints of the process!!!

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ACCEPTABLE RISK

Risks cannot be eliminated entirely!

Every chemical process has a In the design stage, it has to be

certain amount of risk associated decided if the risks are
with it. “acceptable”.

Engineers must make every effort to minimize risks

within the economic constraints of the process!!!

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INTRODUCTION TO SAFETY

CH153

Q3 AY 2020-2021

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