Quantum Computing

Prepared by Group NO#7

 - Bilal Amin
Quantum Mechanics(Brief history).

Quantum Computing
Presentation - Hamid Ali
objectives and Quantum Superposition
topics and Entanglement

- Yasir Ali
Types of Quantum Computers

- Zeeshan Ali
Why do we need Quantum

Computing technology
Quantum Theory
- Quantum mechanics, science dealing with the behaviour of matter and
light on the atomic and subatomic scale.

The nature and behavior of matter and energy at that level is sometimes
referred to as quantum physics and quantum mechanics.
Quantum Mechanics Brief History
German physicist Max Planck publishes his groundbreaking study of the
effect of radiation on a “blackbody” substance, and the quantum theory of
modern physics was born.

Through physical experiments, Planck demonstrated that energy, in certain

situations, can exhibit characteristics of physical matter.

According to theories of classical physics, energy is solely a continuous

wave-like phenomenon, independent of the characteristics of physical matter.
Other scientists and their experiments.
Other scientists, such as Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, Louis de Broglie, and
Erwin Schrodinger made possible the development of quantum mechanics–a
mathematical application of the quantum theory that maintains that energy is
both matter and a wave, depending on certain variables.

Today, the combination of quantum mechanics with Einstein’s theory of

relativity is the basis of modern physics.
Quantum Computing

Quantum computers process information in a fundamentally different way

than classical computers. Traditional computers operate on binary bits —
information processed in the form of ones or zeroes. But quantum computers
transmit information via quantum bits, or qubits, which can exist either as one
or zero or both simultaneously.
Understanding Quantum Computing

The field of quantum computing started in the 1980s. It was then discovered
that certain computational problems could be tackled more efficiently with
quantum algorithms than with their classical counterparts.

Superposition and entanglement are two features of quantum physics on

which these supercomputers are based. This empowers quantum computers
to handle operations at speeds exponentially higher than conventional
computers and at much lesser energy consumption.
Quantum Computer vs. Classical Computer

Quantum computers process information differently. Classical computers use

transistors, which are either 1 or 0. Quantum computers use qubits, which
can be 1 or 0 at the same time.
Why Do we need Quantum Computers?
The Answer is the current supercomputer aren't that super to execute
trillions of instructions per second.

And if they do, they are very costly, like if 1 transistor hold/execute one
instruction per second so we have to put one Bn transistors if we wants to
execute one Bn instruction per second which is crazy.

So to solve the problem we have to change the system fundamentally, which is

why Quantum computing comes into play.
Quantum Superposition and entanglement
- By Hamid Ali
Quantum Superposition and entanglement

Superposition:
One of the properties that sets a qubit apart from a classical bit is that it can
be in superposition .

Superposition is one of the fundamental principles of quantum physics .

Superposition Continue

In classical physics, a wave describing a musical tone can be seen as several

waves with different frequencies that are added together, superposed .
A quantum state in superposition can be seen as linear combination of the of
other distinct quantum state .
This quantum state in superposition forms a new valid quantum state .
Entanglement
One of the other counterintuitive phenomenon in quantum physics is
entanglement .
A group of particles is entangled when the quantum state of each particle
cannot be described independently of the quantum state of the other particles
.
The quantum state of the system as a whole can be described
It is in a definite state although the part of the system are not.