Experiment Title-1: Introduction To DBMS, RDBMS, ORACLE,

Basic SQL Commands

Student Name: Shreyansh Raj UID: 20BCG1103

Branch: CSE G&G Section/Group: ‘B’
Semester: 3rd Date of Performance: 17-08-2021
Subject Name: DBMS lab Subject Code: 21O-20CSP-233_20BCG-1_B

1. Aim/Overview of the practical: Introduction To DBMS, RDBMS, ORACLE, Basic SQL

Commands

A database management system (DBMS) is software that controls the storage, organization, and
retrieval of data.

RDBMS moves data into a database, stores the data, and retrieves it so that it can be
manipulated by applications.

The basic SQL Commands are:

• DDL
• DML
• DCL
• TCL
• DQL

2. Task to be done: Explain in Detail, DBMS, RDBMS, ORACLE and differentiate between
them. Also elaborate basic SQL Commands.
 Difference between DBMS and RDBMS

DBMS RDBMS
The data storage in DBMS is done in the form of a Tables are used to store data in RDBMS.
file.
Only one user can use DBMS. More than one user can use RDBMS.
DBMS was not made to handle a huge amount of Whereas RDBMS can actually handle a very high
data. amount of data.
There is a lack of security in the DBMS model of There are several log files created, which
storing data, automatically increases the security of the data stored
in the RDBMS model.

BASIC SQL COMMANDS:

1. Data Definition Language (DDL)

• CREATE- It is used to create a new table in the database
• ALTER- It is used to alter the structure of the database. This change could be either to modify the
characteristics of an existing attribute or probably to add a new attribute.
• DROP- It is used to delete both the structure and record stored in the table.

2. Data Manipulation Language (DML)

• INSERT- The INSERT statement is a SQL query. It is used to insert data into the row of a table.
• UPDATE- This command is used to update or modify the value of a column in the table
• DELETE- It is used to remove one or more row from a table.

3. Data Control Language (DCL)

• Grant- it is used to give user access privileges to a database.
• Revoke- It is used to take back permissions from the user.

4. Transaction Control Language (TCL)

• COMMIT- Commit command is used to save all the transactions to the database.
• ROLLBACK- Rollback command is used to undo transactions that have not already been saved to the
database.
 • SAVEPOINT- It is used to roll the transaction back to a certain point without rolling back the entire
transaction.

5. Data Query Language (DQL)

• SELECT- This is the same as the projection operation of relational algebra. It is used to select the
attribute based on the condition described by WHERE clause.

3. Steps for experiment/practical: We have to install oracle database and create a user in it.

• Installing Oracle Database

• Login with “system” username.

• Goto Administration tab

• Then to Database user

• Now create new user

• Enter Username and password
Evaluation Grid (To be created as per the SOP and Assessment guidelines by the faculty):

Sr. No. Parameters Marks Obtained Maximum Marks

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