DISASTER PREPAREDNESS and MANAGEMENT

Review of RP Risk Profile

• The Philippines was the most disaster-prone country in the world for the past century
Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) BELGIUM

The Philippine Archipelago occupies the western rim of the Pacific Ocean (Western Segment of
the Pacific Ring of Fire), a most active part of the earth that is characterized by an ocean-
encircling belt of active volcanoes and earthquake generators (fault lines).

HAZARDS AFFECTING THE PHILIPPINES

❑ Geological Hazards

❑ Hydro-Met Hazards

❑ Environmental Hazards

❑ Technological Hazards

❑ Human-made Hazards

❑ Socio-Political/Security Hazards

Geological Hazards

EARTHQUAKE
Active, Inactive and Potentially Active Volcanoes of the Philippines
300 volcanoes, 22 active

VOLCANIC ERUPTION
Mt. Pinatubo eruption, June 1991. The biggest volcanic eruption of the century 800
dead; P10.6 B damage.

LANDSLIDES
San Francisco, S. Leyte, Dec.15-23, 2003
207 dead – 54 injured – 1 missing P508.4M - cost of damage
 03 AUGUST 1999 - 59 DEAD

Hydro-Met Hazards

Typhoons
⮚ 22 TYPHOONS EVERY YEAR

⮚ 5 WILL BE DESTRUCTIVE

QUEZON- Tropical Cyclones “Unding” and “Violeta” Nov. 14-26, 2004

102 dead - 347 injured - 86 missing P505.890 - cost of damage

AURORA- Tropical Cyclones “Wennie” and “Yoyong” Nov. 28-Dec. 3, 2004

966 dead - 816 injured - 467 missing P1.2M - cost of damage

Flash floods Gapan, Nueva Ecija, Nov. 14 – Dec. 4, 2004

Flash floods Ormoc, Leyte, Nov 6, 1991

5,101 dead – 292 injured

EL NIÑO
• 4th Quarter of 1998
• 105,095 families affected
• P8.3B in agricultural damages
(~US$198M)

Environmental Hazards

TRASHSLIDE
Payatas Dump Site Tragedy July 10, 2000
224 dead, 38 missing

HAZMAT/CHEMICAL EMERGENCY

RED TIDE PHENOMENON

• Affects 8 million residents from the coastal areas whose livelihood are affected

• Almost every year, there have been reported cases of deaths due to paralytic
shellfish poisoning (PSP)

Technological Hazards
MARITIME DISASTER
Christmas 1987 M/V DONA PAZ collided w/ oil tanker Vector.
The world’s worst peacetime sea tragedy 4,342 confirmed dead

M/V Maria Carmela Ferry 7:30 AM April 11, 2002 Total Passenger 347, Crew 28, OJT 13
255 Survivor 25 Dead - 88 Injured - 108 Missing

Superferry 14 bound for Bacolod City and Cagayan de Oro City caught fire between
Caballo and El Fraile Islands, Ternate, Cavite. February 27, 2004 0030H

OIL SPILL

AIR DISASTER
April 19, 2000
Air Philippines Flight 541 crashed in the mountains of Mindanao
All 120 passengers and crew died

Man-Made Hazards

FIRE
Ozone Disco fire March 18 1996, 11:30 PM
the second worst discO fire in the world. 162 dead 104 injured

Socio-Political/Security Hazards

Political Destabilization

BOMBING INCIDENTS
Dec 30, 2000 -10 AM, 5 Bombing incidents in Metro Manila, 22 dead, 104 injured
Bombing along Ayala MRT 3 dead – 103 injured Feb. 14, 2004 – 1945H

Terrorist Attack by Local/International Terrorist Groups

1.BASHIR
2. HAMBALI
3. AMROZI
4. IMRON
5. DWIKARNA
6. BAFANA
Complex Emergency

EARTHQUAKE!
EARTHQUAKES CANNOT BE PREVENTED, BUT WE CAN PREPARE FOR THEM

20 quakes/week
4-5 quakes/day

The Philippines is bounded by two earthquake generators: the Manila Trench and the Pacific
Trench. The country sits on 28 major faults and one continuous fault running from Northern
Luzon to Eastern Mindanao.

Don’t Panic…. You must know what to do

BEFORE, DURING and AFTER an earthquake….

TYPES OF NATURAL EARTHQUAKES

1. Tectonic
- earthquakes produced by sudden movement along faults and plate
boundaries

2. Volcanic
- earthquakes produced by movement of magma beneath volcanoes

FIVE Inactive volcanoes in Pangasinan.

1.Mt.Amorong - Pangasinan
2.Mt.Balungao - Pangasinan
3.Mt.Cabaluyan- Pangasinan
4.Mt.Cahelietan- Pangasinan
5.Mt.Cgndong - Pangasinan

EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS
Ground shaking
 the destructive up and down and sideways motion
experienced during an earthquake

What to do BEFORE an earthquake

Familiarize yourself with your

place of work and residence

● Identify relatively strong parts of the

building where you can take refuge
during an earthquake:
door jambs
sturdy tables

The key to effective disaster

prevention is planning.

● Determine if site is along an active fault

and/or prone to liquefaction or landslide.

● Use proper structural design and

engineering practice when constructing a
house or building.

Familiarize yourself with your

place of work and residence

● Identify relatively strong parts of the

building where you can take refuge
during an earthquake:
door jambs
sturdy tables

Prepare your place of work and

residence for the event

● Strap heavy furniture to walls to prevent

sliding or toppling.

● Keep heavy materials in lower portion.

● Check stability of hanging objects.

• Drop/Duck, Cover and Hold

• Protect your head

 • under a sturdy table

• Look out for falling object

• Safe spots

• Danger spots
• Open the door

If inside a structurally sound

building, stay there!

● Protect your body from falling debris by bracing

yourself in a doorway or by getting under a sturdy table or desk.

If outside, move to an open area

● Stay away from buildings with

glass panes.
● Get away from power lines,
posts, walls and other structures
that may fall or collapse.

What to do AFTER an earthquake

If inside an old, weak structure, take the

Fastest and safest way out!

● Get out calmly in an orderly

manner. Do not rush to the exit.

● Use the stairs. Do not use

elevators.

● Check yourself and others

for injuries

Help reduce the number of casualties from the

Earthquake:

● Don’t enter partially damaged

building, strong aftershocks may
cause these to collapse.

● Gather information and disaster

prevention instruction from
battery-operated radios.

● Obey public safety precautions.

FIRE
Most common causes of fires:
⮚ Arson
⮚ Cigarette Smoking
⮚ Cooking stoves, ironing
⮚ Playing with fire
⮚ Bonfires
⮚ Electrical
⮚ Accidental

Fire Prevention
❖ Do not place flammables near a heater
❖ Do not build a bonfire on windy day
❖ Do not smoke in bed
❖ Keep lighters and matches out of children’s reach.
❖ Do not connect too many electrical appliances to one outlet
● Do not use a broken plug
● Do not leave the cooking stove unattended while frying.
● Fit the gas hose onto the pipe and fix it with a hose stopper.
● Keep fire extinguisher or bucket of water handy at home.

Evacuation
⚫ Keep down on the floor to avoid inhaling smoke, and cover your mouth
with a wet towel or handkerchief.
⚫ Do not worry about your appearance on your personal possessions or
valuables.
⚫ Notify your family and neighbors of the fire, raising your voice.
⚫ If the stairs cannot be used, leave the building via a fire escape or
evacuation device.

TSUNAMI…
What is a tsunami?
A tsunami is a series of traveling ocean waves of extremely long length.

Where & when do tsunamis occur?

• It can occur in beaches open to the ocean, low-lying coastal areas, bay entrances or tidal
flats, & shores of coastal rivers. Tsunamis can occur anytime of the day or night, under any
weather conditions and in all seasons.