Ridgewood School of Caloocan, Inc.

31 L27, Acacia St., Rainbow 5, Ph.2 Bagumbong

Caloocan City

ORAL COMMUNICATION 11 - HAND OUTS

DATE: 06 SEPTEMBER 2021
SUBJECT: Oral Communication
OBJECTIVES:
 Understand why we need to study communication
 Give the definition of communication
 Explain the nature and process of communication; and
 Identify the characteristics of communication
STRATEGY:
 Reflective Approach/ Guided Response
What I know Assessment and Integrative Discussion
TOPIC: Nature and Process of Communication
 Communication is a process of sharing and conveying messages or
information from one person to another using different mean, medium, context,
and cultures. (McCornack, 2014)
 NATURE OF COMMUNICATION
1. Communication is a process.
Communication as a process means it is a step by step activity and it is
essentially a two-way process that involves active participation of both sender
and receiver.
2. Communication is much more of an ART than a science.
There is no right or wrong way to communicate-no set of absolute rules to be
followed but there are underlying principles to guide us into effective
communication.
3. Communication has a sender and receiver.
Communication occurs between two or more people acting as he speaker or
the receiver of the message.
4. Communication is verbal or non-verbal.
Communication can be expressed through written or spoken words (verbal) or
actions (non-verbal) of both spoken words and non-verbal actions at the same
time.
5. Communication is inevitable.
Inevitability means communication is taking place even when someone does
not want or intend to communicate.
6. Communication is irreversible.
This means that what you have said can never be unsaid.
7. Communication is unrepeatable.
 Unrepeatability means that an act of communication can never be duplicated.
 FLOW OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS

 COMMUNICATION PROCESS

The speaker generates an idea.

The speaker encodes an idea or converts the idea into words or actions.

The speaker transmits or sends out a message.

The receiver gets the message.

The receiver decodes or interprets the message based on the context.

The receiver sends or provides feedback.

ACTIVITY:
Worksheet:
Completing a Flow Chart of Communication process using the given scenario.
DATE: 07 SEPTEMBER 2021
SUBJECT: Oral Communication
OBJECTIVES:
 Discuss the elements of communication
 Explain the roles of each element in the communication and process
 Perform an actual conversation involving the elements
STRATEGY:
  Indirect / Integrative Approach
Picture Analysis with guided questions.

TOPIC: Elements of Communication

 Every element greatly affects effective communication.
 ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
1. Sender - The sender is also known as the source of the message or information.
The sender is responsible of making or putting meaning into his/her message. It
also known as the speaker or encoder.
2. Message - it is the information, ideas or thoughts conveyed by the speaker in
words or in actions.
3. Encoding - This is referring to the process of converting the message into words,
actions or other forms that the speaker understands.
4. Channel - It is the medium or the means, such as personal or non-personal,
verbal or non-verbal, wherein the encoded message is conveyed.
5. Decoding - it is the process of interpreting the encoded message of the speaker
by the receiver.
6. Receiver - acts as the recipient of the message, or someone who decodes the
message.
7. Feedback - are the reactions, responses, or information provided by the receiver.
8. Context - is the environment where communication takes place.
9. Barrier - are also called noise in communication. These are factors that affect
the flow of communication.

ACTIVITY:
Activity #1: Identify the elements of communication found in the conversation given.
Activity #2: Make a short video performing a short dialogue involving the elements of
communication.

DATE: 08 SEPTEMBER 2021

SUBJECT: Oral Communication
OBJECTIVES:
 Discuss the functions of communication
 Identify the speaker’s purpose(s); and
 Express yourself in writing away your emotions
STRATEGY:
 Structural / Task-Based Approach
TOPIC: Functions Of Communication
 Five Basic Functions of Communication
1. Control - Communication functions to control behavior. This is to exercise restraint or
direction formally or informally. This happens particularly among members or
acquaintances.
 2. Social Interaction - Communication allows individuals to interact with others or allows to
the behavior of people around us. By revealing our thoughts, and feelings, we elicit reactions
from others.
3. Emotional Expression - Communication facilitates people’s expression of their feelings
and emotions or it makes possible the release or unloading of emotions, resulting in catharsis.
4. Motivation - the energy that influences a person’s behavior in different ways to his pursuit
of his goal or objective. It encourages people to live better.
5. Information Dissemination - It is the most basic function of communication that provides
data and information for effective completion of tasks, solution of problems, and elimination
of uncertainty.
 The purposes of communication can be effectively realized and fulfilled by using
different kinds of “talks.” (Locke, 1998)
a. Small-talk is a form of communication that may be used to effect social interaction.
Purposes: To maintain the status quo; to break the ice; to get acquainted; and to establish
relationship.
b. Light-Control Talk is the tactful use of power to get results and may be used to motivate
people.
Purposes: To persuade; to direct; to seek but not force agreement; and to use legitimate
authority.
c. Heavy-Control Talk is designed to place blame and to control or blame and to control
or regulate people. This creates defensiveness on the part of the receiver and is rarely, if ever,
appropriate.
Purposes: to blame, to attack, to threaten, to coerce, and to demand.
d. Search Talk is another approach when you want to gather data or the consensus of
other to be able to provide information.
Purposes: to center or an issue; and to examine and clarify the issue.
e. Straight Talk is good for problem-solving and conflict resolution and maybe used
to facilitate emotional expression for catharsis, which is the act of purging,
cleansing, and unloading of ideas and emotions.
Purposes: to concentrate on the here and now; to focus on issues; to share feelings; to
acknowledge feelings; and to accept without judging.
ACTIVITY:
 Worksheet: Identifying Functions of Communication in the given situations.

PREPARED BY:

HAZEL MAE M. HERRERA

ENGLISH TEACHER
DATE: 09-10 SEPTEMBER 2021
SUBJECT: Oral Communication
OBJECTIVES:
 Identify the three standard communication models
 Differentiate the various models of communication
 Distinguish the unique feature/s of one communication process from the other.
STRATEGY:
 Structural / Task-Based Approach
TOPIC: Models of Communication
 Communication Models describe the process of communication, visually show the
relationship among variables and help find and correct communication problems.
1. Linear Model of Communication (Transmission Model)
The Linear model was the first kind of model that experts have made to understand the
process of communication.
Characteristics:
a. Unidirectional - Linear model is one-way communication where the speaker
sends messages to the receiver with or without effect.
 b. Simple - This model presents a simple communication acts because the
transmission of message shows only the beginning and the end and that
there is no interchanging of roles between the sender and receiver.
c. Persuasion not Mutual understanding - This model shows the one way
direction of communication which promotes advice and influence rather than
mutual understanding between the sender and recover.
d. Values psychological over social effects - This model focuses more on the
psychological effects (such as understanding the messages) rather than the social effects
(like building the relationship among communicators.)
Shannon-Weaver model (1949), also known as the transmission model and the mother
of all communication consisting of five elements which have been criticized for missing
one element in the communication process, feedback.
2. Transactional Communication Model - illustrates how the sender and receiver take
turns in conveying and receiving messages and are called as “communicators”.
Frank Dance (1967) introduced the Helix model that best illustrates the Transactional
Model by showing how the development of communication is based on previous experiences or
behaviors as well as how the knowledge-base of a person deepens and expands throughout life.
Characteristics:
a. Communication evolves from the very first day (origin) until the existing
moment.
b. Communication is largely dependent on its past.
c. Concept of time.
d. Communication process is the product of what we learned.
3. Interactive Communication Model - also known as the convergence model or the
Schramm Model of Communication emphasizes the coding and decoding elements of the process
which also focuses on the message exchanges between the sender and receiver and vice versa.
Rather than linear or a one way-process, communication is a two-way street, with a sender and a
receiver.
Features of Interactive Communication Model
a. It has a never-ending process of communication and feedback where there is role-
switching between the sender and the receiver as they continue the exchange of messages.
b. Feedback is seen as an important part of this model to ensure that
communication takes place.
c. The field of experience affects the messages being exchanged.
d. It encourages interaction.
ACTIVITY:
 Worksheet: Follow your lead activity.
 Worksheet: Identifying real-life situations where models of communication are used.

PREPARED BY:

HAZEL MAE M. HERRERA

ENGLISH TEACHER