Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Airport Handling Procedure
Airport Handling Procedure
JADAVPUR BRANCH
INTRODUCTION
This section of the assignment gives us information
regarding to history of aviation and different governing body
like IATA, ICAO, MOCA, DGCA, BCAS etc. and their
function. And also get information about Airport Handling
Procedure (AHP. Its include Reservation Counter, Check-in
Counter, BMA, Boarding gate/SHA, RAMP, Arrival and Cargo
Section.
2
INDEX
CONTENT: PAGES:
1. Aviation History 3-5
2. Governing Body 6-9
3. Airport Handling Procedure 10-24
3.1 Reservation 10-11
3.2 Check-in Counter 12-14
3.3 BMA 14-15
3.4 BG/SHA 15
3.5 RAMP 16-19
3.6 Arrival 19-21
3.7 Cargo 22-24
4. Acknowledgement 25
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AVIATION HISTORY
The history of aviation has extended over more than two thousand years from the
earliest attempts in kites and gliders to powered, heavier-than-air, supersonic,
and hypersonic flight.
The first form of man-made flying objects were kites. The earliest known record of
kite flying is from around 200 BC in China, when a general flew a kite over enemy
territory to calculate the length of tunnel required to enter the region. Yuan
Huangtou, a Chinese prince, survived by tying himself to the kite.
Leonardo da Vinci's 15th-century dream of flight found expression in several
designs, but he did not attempt to demonstrate his ideas by actually constructing
them.
With the efforts to analyze the atmosphere from the 17th to 19th centuries, gases
such as hydrogen were discovered which in turn led to the invention of hydrogen
balloons. Various theories in mechanics by physicists during the same period of
time, notably fluid dynamics and Newton's laws of motion, led to the foundation of
modern aerodynamics. Tethered balloons filled with hot air were used in the first
half of the 19th century and saw considerable action in several mid-century wars,
most notably the American Civil War, where balloons provided observation during
the Battle of Petersburg.
Their second glider, built the following year, performed even more poorly. Rather
than giving up, the Wrights constructed their own wind tunnel and created a
number of sophisticated devices to measure lift and drag on the 200 wing designs
they tested. As a result, the Wrights corrected earlier mistakes in calculations
regarding drag and lift.’
Their testing and calculating produced a third glider with a higher aspect ratio and
true three-axis control. They flew it successfully hundreds of times in 1902, and it
performed far better than the previous models. By using a rigorous system of
experimentation, involving wind-tunnel testing of airfoils and flight testing of full-
size prototypes, the Wrights not only built a working aircraft, the Wright Flyer, but
also helped advance the science of aeronautical engineering.
The Wright Flyer: the first sustained fkight with a powered, controlled
aircraft.
5
This emphasis, as well as low engine power, was the reason for low flying speed
and for taking off in a head wind. Performance (rather than safety) was also the
reason for the rear-heavy design, because the canard could not be highly
loaded; anhedral wings were less affected by crosswinds and were consistent with
the low yaw stability.
The first flight by Orville Wright, of 120 feet (37 m) in 12 seconds, was recorded
in a famous photograph. In the fourth flight of the same day, Wilbur Wright flew
852 feet (260 m) in 59 seconds. The flights were witnessed by three coastal
lifesaving crewmen, a local businessman, and a boy from the village, making these
the first public flights and the first well-documented ones.
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The ICAO Council adopts standards and recommended practices concerning air
navigation, its infrastructure, flight inspection, prevention of unlawful interference,
and facilitation of border-crossing procedures for international civil
aviation. Additionally it also defines the protocols for air accident investigation
followed by transport safety authorities in countries signatory to the Convention on
International Civil Aviation in respective countries.
The ministry is under the charge of Ajit Singh. The Secretary is the head of
the Ministry and is assisted by one Additional Secretary & Financial Adviser, three
Joint Secretaries, seven officers of the level of Director / Deputy Secretary /
Financial Controller and ten officers of the level of Under Secretary. It is located
at Rajiv Gandhi Bhavan, Safdarjung Airport, New Delhi.
The minister has under its preview the organization such bas
The Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (BCAS)was initially set up as a cell in the
Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) in January 1978 on the
recommendation of Pande Committee constituted in the wake of hijacking of the
Indian Airlines flight on 10th September, 1976.
The roll of the cell was to co-ordinate, monitor, inspect and train personnel in Civil
Aviation Security matters.
The BCAS was recognized into an independent department on 1st April, 1987
under the MOCA as a sequel to the Kanishka Tragedy in June 1985. The main
responsibility of BCAS are lay down standards and measures in respect of security
of civil flight at International and domestic airports in India.
Reservation counter
Check –in counter
Baggage Make Up Area (BMA)
Boarding gate
Region of aircraft movement and parking(RAMP)
Arrival
Cargo
RESERVATION COUNTER:
Reservation counter means a counter, where from a passenger can purchase
his/her ticket for travel. Generally we can see reservation counter in airports.
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FUNCTION S/RESPONSIBILITIES:
Reservation
Cancellation
Rescheduling/Rebooking
SSR(Special Service request) booking
Meal request
Changing sector
Help desk
Refund(depending on point of purchase)
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Check for the security sticker and condition of the baggage. Make
sure baggage has been screened and does not contain any dangerous
goods articles.
13
FUNCTIONS OF BMA:
FUNCTIONS OF BG/SHA:
Implementation of just culture begins with commitment and action not just by
supervisors, managers on the RAMP, they by senior managers as well.
Encouraging RAMP personnel to promptly and fully report incidents and accidents
is a key element in just culture. RAMP personnel must be trained to view safety as
a much more important priority than meeting schedules, and they should be
encouraged to report immediately to their supervisor the slightest scratch or dent in
an aircraft any collision between ground equipments and aircraft.
So RAMP is the most sensitive area to work. For that staffs need to be more
cautious while working.
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FUNCTIONS ON RAMP:
Take all details like ETA (Estimated Time of Arrival), bay no., incoming
load, baggage weight and count, transfer baggage, SSR passengers details
etc.
Report on the RAMP beforehand for checking GSE (Ground Support
Equipment).
Announce touchdown.
Pass c/on (chocks on) to all department.
Aligned stepladder.
Evacuate passengers.
Ensure anti-sabotage check (interior check of cabin by airlines security
staff).
Offload baggage and cargo.
Clean cabin of the aircraft.
Load catering.
Refueling.
Start embarkation.
Load outgoing baggage.
Tally with boarding gate’s employee about exact load.
Get the load and trim signed by the captain.
Release aircraft.
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RAMP SAFETY:
The following rules apply to all operations on the RAMP:
Always be aware of your surroundings.
Always wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
No smoking.
Do not operate any unserviceable vehicles.
Keep the RAMP area clear of FOD (Foreign Object Debris).
Those who have Airside Driving Permit (ADP), they only operate
vehicles.
Avoid the intake and exhaust areas of aircraft engines.
No vehicles should be parked or driven within 15 meters of a
moving aircraft.
RAMP equipments must be positioned prior to the arrival of the
aircraft behind the restraint line with the parking brakes on.
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ARRIVAL
20
FUNCTIONS:
Before arrival of the aircraft the arrival staff must check action on the following
items:
World Tracer is a SITA / IATA service provided for the tracking of lost or
delayed baggage. It has been in operation for many years and used by many
airlines, such as Qantas, Lufthansa and Emirates. The system also allows for the
rapid determination of mishandled baggage.
Whenever a baggage is found without an owner, presumably because it has been
loaded onboard a different flight than the passenger it belongs to, it can be
registered as an on-hand baggage. It is then matched automatically matched with
different missing-baggage files (called AHL's) all over the world. Whenever an on-
hand gets a likely match, the station whom has registered the missing-baggage gets
an alert. The fields that are being matched are the baggage's routing, tag number,
passenger’s surname, what kind of baggage it is, and content. When a handling
agent finds an on-hand that matches one of their AHL's he/she can request the on-
hand, which sends a message to whichever station registered the on-hand baggage,
telling them to send it to the requesting station.
The format of the tracking number is AAABBNNNNN, where AAA is the Airport
code, BB is the airline code, and NNNNN is a 5 digit tracking number. For
example SINEK19666.
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CARGO
Cargo can be defined as any property which is carried by an aircraft other
than mail,company cargo, engineering equipments and unaccompanied or
mishandle baggage.
TYPES OF CARGO:
PERISHABLE CARGO:
Articles of perishable nature, which are
liable to perish due to change in climate,
temperature, altitude or any other
normal exposure inherent to carriage of
cargo by air, length of time etc.
Example: news papers, sea
food,flowers, medicine.
VULNERABLE CARGO(VUN):
LIVE ANIMALS(AVI):
Only animals, which are appear to
be in good health and condition,
should be accepted for carriage by
air. The cages/Boxes having the
livestock/animals should be
examined to ensure that they do
not contain anything which is
dangerous to the safety of the
aircraft.
HUMAN REMAINS(HUM):
As per the cargo technology human
remains are the dead body of human
being. The required identification
and document as enumerated below
death certificate, embalming
certificate, police clearance and
identity of relatives.
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BONDED CARGO:
All cargo which are custom
cleared is called as bonded cargo.
All cargo which are used for
exporting is called as bonded
cargo.
COMPANY CARGO:
There may be a requirement of
transporting stores of the company
from one place to other in aircraft.
These, moved as company stores
must be subjected to security
checks applicable to company
mails. This could either be in the
form of x-rays or physical checks.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I extend my heartfelt gratitude to our faculties “SKY LARK AVIATION
TRAINING SCHOOL” for their guidance, timely support and
encouragement in completing this project.
I am grateful to my parents for their support in this work.
I am thankful to my team members and friends for their untiring help
throughout this work.
The images & text seen here in figures are derived from a figure by
Google, Google images, YouTube, and Wikipedia. Thanks, to all.