International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)

Volume 9, Issue 11, November 2018, pp. 2918–2928, Article ID: IJCIET_09_11_290
Available online at http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=9&Issue=11
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316

© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed

IMPACT OF WASTES ADMINISTRATION AND

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA: A
CASE STUDY OF LUGBE, ABUJA IN
NORTHERN NIGERIA
Adebanji. S. Ogbiye
Department of Civil Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State

Lucia. O. Agashua
Department of Civil Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State

Olumuyiwa. O. Onakunle
Department of Civil Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State

ABSTRACT
The paper examines the investigation waste management and sustainable
development in Nigeria with precise reference to Lugbe, Abuja. The zone was divided
into three regions namely: Region A (south-north), Region B (west-east) and Region C
(central zone). Survey research stratagem was adopted with a questionnaire as major
tools applied for data collection which were assigned to twenty families. The families
were carefully randomly chosen to make with a total of 60 households that were studied.
It was revealed that illiteracy and low salary level was a major cause of waste
administration problem. Similarly, for city waste characterization in Lugbe - Abuja
showed that food remnants and water sachets as the greatest waste produced, whereas
delivery bag and flexible bag are habitually utilized to dispose of, discarded since bags
are stress-free in disposing and cheaper. The waste storing frequency is between twelve
to twenty-four hours while waste throwing frequency follows frequently once and bi-
weekly collections. Some defendants have open dumps within their vicinity where waste
is stockpile and thrown away. All the same, there is great recycling occurrence for
metal and bottles since they are reprocessed at home and 9 % sell. Collective solid
waste administration practice in Lugbe - Abuja are storing and waste dumping on
highway or canal while recycling and waste lessening which are waste minimization
implements in the three-pyramid scheme that is the backbone of most waste
management systems is dimly practiced. The application of the study is for wastes
administration and sustainable development in the unindustrialized nations.

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 Adebanji. S. Ogbiye, Lucia. O. Agashua and Olumuyiwa. O. Onakunle

Keywords: Waste administration, sustainable, sustainability development, Lugbe,

Abuja.
Cite this Article: Adebanji. S. Ogbiye, Lucia. O. Agashua and Olumuyiwa. O.
Onakunle, Impact of Wastes Administration and Sustainable Development in Nigeria:
a Case Study of Lugbe, Abuja in Northern Nigeria, International Journal of Civil
Engineering and Technology, 9(11), 2018, pp. 2918–2928
http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=9&Issue=11

1. INTRODUCTION
The environmental land space is met to be properly managed for the world’s sustainable goals
[1], [2]. The ecological waste approach management targets at a worldwide environmental
quality which is a criterion for an upswing in per capita well-being over a period of time [3].
Solid wastelands are the unserviceable and discarded goods in the solid form resultant from the
society actions [4]. The term municipal solid discarded (MSD) regularly assumed to contain
all waste created in communal with the elimination of manufacturing process plus agricultural
unwanted. Although the main MSD sources comprise construction, commercial, institutional,
housing, in addition, annihilation; municipal services excluding treatment facilities, treatment
plant places as well cosmopolitan incinerators [5]. Thus, municipal solid waste is a disallowed
accretion from wholesalers, shop holders, families, market ladies besides other profitable
activities in the urbanized settings whereas suitable discarded management cannot be achieved
without a locally made waste administration plan [6]. The structure and features of urbanite
solid waste are susceptible by certain matters, which consists of the housing, commercial, and
so on, the level of economic, the period and climate besides men which are living or performing
business activities in the district beliefs. High- salary regions usually produce more inorganic
materials such as plastics and paper while meagre - salary zones generate reasonably more of
carbon-based unwanted. Licentious or unsuitably located uncovered solid waste dumpsites
introduce health exposures and disfigurement of the aesthetic magnificence of numerous
metropolises in Nigeria [7]. The municipal solid waste administration problem in Nigeria cities
has fascinating the researcher's attention like [4], [8]–[10] and their research results point to
the need for an admissible and an efficient solution to a solid waste irritant in Nigerian cities.
Pointedly, it has been advocated that efficient recycling and composting can save nine-point-
five per cent (9.5%) waste administration prices and fifty-six points two per cent (56.2%)
landfill fee, likewise recommend recycling approval as a footstep towards promoting an
incorporated solid waste administration technique, also when varied waste categorizations are
not considered during gathering and disposal, effective solid waste administration becomes
problematic [11]. This paper will cover solid waste administration study in three zones within
Lugbe, Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC), Abuja. The research boundaries would
comprise scheme features of the integrated solid discarded administration method through joint
solid waste administration (JSWA) as a valuation device.

2. MATERIALS AND METHOD

The following were considered in the study;

2.1. STUDY AREA

In this study, Lugbe town in Abuja was selected as a rural settlement illustration growing to
cosmopolitans besides the predominant situation of dissimilar waste administration problems,
size, and tasks. Lugbe is among popular outlying settlements in Abuja Municipal Area Council

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 Impact of Wastes Administration and Sustainable Development in Nigeria: a Case Study of
Lugbe, Abuja in Northern Nigeria

(AMAC), Abuja. It is principally residential and compactly populated, besides is

approximately seventeen minutes’ drive from the Abuja Central Business District, thirteen
minutes’ drive to the Abuja Airport and along the airport highway. It is divided into five regions
viz. Lugbe east, Lugbe south, Lugbe west, Lugbe north and Lugbe central. Lugbe proximity to
the Abuja city centre as well to the Abuja airport has fascinated significant enlargement to the
region which is developing rapidly. Lugbe is predominantly a housing area with lots of housing
estates number, some completed as well occupied while others still under construction like
NCC Estate, Federal housing authority, Paradise Parkland, FHA Estate, Osilama Garden,
Wisdom Estate, Trademore Estate, Triumph Estate and Shibann Court Estate. Landmarks in
Lugbe consist of Voice of Nigeria Transmission Station (VNT), National Space Development
and Research Agency (NSDRA) and FHA Estate. Being among the hastiest growing urbanized
centres in the FCT, the population over five point two million populaces, the locations are
presented in Figure. 1.

Figure 1 Lugbe - Abuja maps (Source: edited google map)

2.2 RESEARCH TECHNIQUES AND SAMPLING STRATEGIES

The sampling frame comprises of individuals residing in the case study regions, data was
collected through questionnaire as well as field investigation. The manufacture of the research
equipment is through the United states waste management which was utilized to frame the
assessment regions survey content with closed housing questionnaire. This research engaged
copious statistical trial meant for inspection and data analysis beside social bundle for social
sciences (SBSS) stylishness 20. The surveys were disseminated by means of simple random
analyst within each stratus and disseminated to people in exposed places and gardens in the
cities. The questionnaire utilized was from previous studies but it was reformed to suit this
investigation purpose in addition authenticated by five specialists and verified through trial
study and rehashed after reformed; as shown in Table 1. Field survey involves visits to city and
points collection located within Lugbe, Abuja. Open dumping of the refuses/garbage can be
shown in Figure 2.

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 Adebanji. S. Ogbiye, Lucia. O. Agashua and Olumuyiwa. O. Onakunle

Figure 2 Open garbage dump within a housing Area (left) and discarding on the road (Right)

Table 1 Questionnaire format

Section Description Scale Type No. Of Items
A Demographic Information Categorical 12
B Waste Management Practices Binary 14

3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The following are the results and discussions of the study;

3.1 DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS

The demographic analyses were group into the following;

3.1.1. SEX AND OCCUPATION

The demographic investigation (Gender and Profession) formed using the three provinces of
Questionnaire that were assigned to twenty households selected randomly making a total of 60
families are presented in Figure 3.
70
GENDER & OCCUPATION

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
M (%) F (%) GW (%) NGW (%)
south 39.6 60.4 41.6 58.4
west 37.4 62.6 44.2 55.8
south2 38.5 61.5 41.2 58.8

Government workers (GW), Non-government workers (NGW) and Male (M) Female (F)

Figure 3 Gender and Profession of the respondent in Lugbe, Abuja.

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 Impact of Wastes Administration and Sustainable Development in Nigeria: a Case Study of
Lugbe, Abuja in Northern Nigeria

3.1.2. AGE GROUP

The Age group analysis produced formed using the three provinces of Questionnaire that were
assigned to twenty households selected randomly making a total of 60 families are presented
in Figure 4.
45
40
35
30
AGE GROUP

25
20
15
10
5
0
15-25 26-35yrs 36-45 yrs 46-55 yrs 56-65 yrs 65 yrs
yrs(%) (%) (%) (%) (%) above (%)
South 11.3 38 19.5 12.8 11.6 6.8
west 14.7 37.4 20.8 11.6 10.7 4.8
Central 15.9 40.2 21.8 12.8 4.7 4.6

Figure 4 Age group for Lugbe Abuja Resident

3.1.3. EDUCATION
The Education level produced formed using the three provinces of Questionnaire that were
assigned to twenty household’s selected randomly making a total of 60 families are presented
in Figure 5.

70
60
50
Education

40
30
20
10
0
No education Secondary College University
South 2.8 5.6 31.8 59.8
West 2.7 10.8 65.8 20.7
Central 4.8 29.6 42.4 23.2

No education Qualification (NEQ), Secondary school education (SSE), College Education

(CE) and University Education (UE)

Figure 5 Schooling Level of Lugbe Abuja Resident

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 Adebanji. S. Ogbiye, Lucia. O. Agashua and Olumuyiwa. O. Onakunle

3.1.4. SALARY
The salary produced formed using the three provinces of Questionnaire that was assigned to
twenty households selected randomly making a total of 60 families are presented in Figure 6.
60
50
Income level

40
30
20
10
0
101-200 USD 201-500 USD
0-100 USD (%) 501 above (%)
(%) (%)
South 22.4 21.4 48.6 7.6
west 21.5 26 43.6 8.9
Central 22.5 26.2 41.8 9.5

Figure 6 Income level of Lugbe Abuja respondents

3.1.5. SIZE OF FAMILIES

The size of the household produced formed using the three provinces of Questionnaire that
were assigned to twenty households selected randomly making a total of 60 families are
presented in Figure 7.
30
25
FAMILIES SIZE

20
15
10
5
0
Ten
Two Three Four Five six Seven Eight Nine
One familie
familie familie familie familie familie familie familie familie
family s
s s s s s s s s
Above
South 3.2 8.7 8.9 20.5 15.8 14.6 10.2 6.3 4.8 6.1
West 3.8 8.9 9.5 24.5 26.5 11.2 7.8 2.5 3.2 2.1
Central 2.4 7.8 8.4 20.5 20.2 18.6 8.5 6.4 4.2 3

Figure 7 Household numbers of Lugbe Abuja Resident

Figures 1 – 7 show that demographic figures (gender, profession, age, education, salary and
households size) for each of the three provinces, feminine cast-off waste more than men,
whereas Non-government workforces that discarded waste is more than government staffs, the
age limit from twenty five to forty five years controlled waste most, also educated group handle
waste administration more than non-educated, while higher salary group disposal of waste is
greater than low salary group, However, four to six households way of handling waste is higher
than seven households which also higher than four households below. These outcomes indicate
that salary and learning level of the populace determine proper waste administration.

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 Impact of Wastes Administration and Sustainable Development in Nigeria: a Case Study of
Lugbe, Abuja in Northern Nigeria

3.2 WASTE ADMINISTRATION

The waste administration is categorized under the following;

3.2.1. MUNICIPAL WASTE CHARACTERIZATION

The civic waste characteristics quantities and percentages for the waste generated using the
three regions in Lugbe, Abuja presented in Table 2 and graphically illustrated in Figure 8.

Table 2 Civic Waste Characterization for the Lugbe, Abuja

Civic Waste Composition Quantities (tons) %
Paper 18413.82 23.8
Textile 2011.59 2.60
Plastics 4796.88 6.2
Water sachets 10599.55 13.7
Glass 2630.54 3.4
Metals 2785.28 3.6
E-waste 2166.33 2.8
Organic materials; food & 30798.96 39.4
garden waste
Other organic materials 3517.65 4.5
TOTAL 78769.96 100.0

Paper Textile Plastics

Water sachets Glass Metals
E -waste Food and garden waste Other organic materials

4%
24%
39% 3%
6%
3% 14%
3%
4%

Figure 8 Civic Waste Characterization for the Lugbe-Abuja

Figure 8 indications the frequency shape based on the category of waste produced. It can
be gripped from the pie chart paper, food discarded and water sachets have highest percentages
which agree with paperwork by [4].

3.1.2. WASTE STORAGE TECHNIQUES

The storage techniques gathered using the three provinces of Questionnaire that were assigned
to twenty households selected randomly making a total of 60 families are presented in Figure
9.

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 Adebanji. S. Ogbiye, Lucia. O. Agashua and Olumuyiwa. O. Onakunle

60

STORING TECHNIQUES
50
40
30
20
10
0
Compound Plastic bags
Box (%) Sack bag (%) Bin (%)
corner (%) (%)
South 2.4 3.6 44.2 17.5 32.3
West 2.9 4.3 51.4 10.2 31.2
Central 2.5 2.9 48.7 16.4 29.5

Figure 9 Types of Waste Storage by Residents of Lugbe

The style for the waste storing demonstrations those for a sack and plastic bag is often
because bags are easy to dispose of and inexpensive.

3.1.3. STORING FREQUENCY

The storing frequency gathered using the three provinces of Questionnaire that were assigned
to twenty households selected randomly making a total of 60 families are presented in Figure
10.
70
60
STORING FREQUENCY

50
40
30
20
10
0
Immediately Within 12 hrs
12-24 hrs (%) 24-48 hrs (%)
(%) (%)
South 1.7 29.5 60.2 8.6
West 1.5 29.7 59.4 9.4
Central 1.8 28.9 61.1 8.2

Figure 10 Waste Frequency by Residents of Lugbe Abuja

Figure 10 shows the style for waste storing frequency for the three provinces in Lugbe
Abuja, between twelve to twenty-four hours storing is commonly used.

3.3. WASTE DISPOSAL TECHNIQUE AND FREQUENCY

The Gathering and Discarding Frequency collected using the three provinces of Questionnaire
that were assigned to twenty household’s selected randomly making a total of 60 families are
presented in Figure 11.

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 Impact of Wastes Administration and Sustainable Development in Nigeria: a Case Study of
Lugbe, Abuja in Northern Nigeria

80
70

STORAGE TECHNIQUES
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Once weekly several times Longer
Daily (%)
(%) weekly (%) interval (%)
South 10.8 65.4 9.5 14.3
West 10.4 66.4 10.1 13.1
Central 9.6 68.6 10.5 11.3

Figure 11 Waste Frequency by Residents of Lugbe Abuja

The style for the waste disposing frequency follows regularly once and twice weekly waste
gathering. Some respondents have exposed dumps within their vicinity where waste is stockpile
and thrown away through burning or recycling which agrees with paperwork by [12].

3.4. WASTE MINIMIZATION (FREQUENCY OF ITEMS RECYCLING)

The Collection and Discarding Frequency gathered using the three provinces of Questionnaire
that were assigned to twenty household’s selected randomly making a total of 60 families are
presented in Figure 12.
50
45
Items recycling frequecy

40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Paper (%) Tin (%) Bottles (%) Glass (%) Metal (%)
South 15.3 12.4 46.2 5.7 20.4
West 15.9 13.6 43.9 4.7 21.9
Central 14.8 13.2 44.2 5.3 22.5

Figure 12 Items recycling frequency by Residents of Lugbe Abuja

There is a high recycling frequency for bottles and metal because they are reuse at home
and 9 % sell which agrees with paperwork by [8].

3.5. SOLID WASTE ADMINISTRATION PRACTICES (SWAP)

The solid waste practices among resident gathered using the three provinces of Questionnaire
that were assigned to twenty household’s selected randomly making a total of 60 families are
presented in Figure 13.

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 Adebanji. S. Ogbiye, Lucia. O. Agashua and Olumuyiwa. O. Onakunle

300

250

200
SWAP

150

100

50

0
Source Vehicle
Reduction Storage Recycling Composti Burning Burying Dumping
separatio Collection
(%) (%) (%) ng (%) (%) (%)
n (%) (%)
Central 1.6 11.4 79.5 31.7 2.4 30.5 5.7 31.1 32.7
West 2.1 10.9 83.5 34.7 2.7 14.4 2.1 30.8 52.7
South 2.2 10.6 76.8 29.7 1.6 25.6 6.4 32.4 35.6

Figure 13 Solid waste practices for Lugbe Abuja

The trend shows a high frequency of storage and dumping of waste either roadside or canal
as waste management commonly practices in Lugbe, Abuja. Recycling and reduction which
are waste minimization perform in the three-hierarchy scheme, which also forms the strength
of most waste management systems is slightly practised which agrees with research work made
by [13].

4. CONCLUSION
This study scrutinized the impact of wastes administration and sustainable development in
Lugbe, Abuja Northern Nigeria. Demographic figures of the three districts reveals illiteracy
and salary level, has source of waste management difficulties similarly municipal waste
characterization for the Lugbe Abuja discloses paper, food discarded and water sachets as the
greatest waste produced, meanwhile sack and plastic bag are frequently utilized to discard
waste because bags are easy to dispose as well cheaper. The waste storing frequency is between
twelve to twenty-four (12 – 24) hours while waste discarding frequency follows typically once
and twice weekly gatherings. Some respondents have exposed dumps within their vicinity
where waste is stockpile and cast-off. Nonetheless, there is a great recycling rate for bottles
and metal since they are reutilized at home and 9 % sell. Common solid waste administration
practice in Lugbe - Abuja are storing and waste discarding on highway or canal while recycling
plus reduction which are waste minimization implements in the 3- hierarchy structure as well
form most waste administration methods strength is slightly practised.
For success to be achieved in this subject matter, constant and periodic environmental
awareness programmes by means of miscellaneous communication mediums are obligatory so
as to change the resident’s waste management approach. Waste reduction needs to be earnestly
addressed in Lugbe - Abuja and stratagems need to be initiated for the recycle rate
intensification, waste-minimizing and composting. Furthermore, Indiscriminate littering
necessitates upgrading collection points to minuscule transfer stations, intensifying municipal
bin number in closely populous districts with daily evacuations during office hours to dodge
traffic jams by haulage truck. Conclusively, institutional body must incorporate decrees and
policies about environmental matters, perceptibly stated guideline for workforce and populaces
to follow as well instigated, or formulated and enhanced for each portion of waste
administration processes besides unified the institutions answerable for waste administration
under singular body with the applicable tool put in place to expedite its appropriate function.

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 Impact of Wastes Administration and Sustainable Development in Nigeria: a Case Study of
Lugbe, Abuja in Northern Nigeria

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors acknowledge Covenant University the sponsor of the publication fee.

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