Basic Calculus

Quarter 3 – Module 6:
Continuity and Differentiability
of a Function
Basic Calculus – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 6: Continuity and Differentiability of a Function
First Edition, 2020

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 Basic Calculus
Quarter 3 – Module 6:
Continuity and Differentiability
of a Function
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module is designed and written to help you have a deeper understanding of
differentiability and continuity of a function.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

a. Differentiate and determine the differentiability and continuity of a function

(STEM_BC11D - IIIf-1)

1
 What I Know

A. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. Is 𝑓(𝑥) = 2−𝑥 continuous at 𝑥 = 0?

A. True C. Maybe
B. False D. Neither
𝑥 2 −25
2. At what point is 𝑓(𝑥) = continuous?
𝑥−5
A. -5 C. 2
B. 5 D. -2
5
3. The function 𝑓(𝑥) = is continuous at all points of its domain?
𝑥 4 −16
A. True C. Maybe
B. False D. Neither
4. Which of the following points is not the point of discontinuity of
𝑥−7
𝑓(𝑥) = 3 ?
𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 + 3
A. 𝑥 = −3 C. 𝑥 = 2 + √3
B. 𝑥 = 2 − √3 D. 𝑥 = −2
𝑥 2 −9
5. Is 𝑓(𝑥) = continuous at 𝑥 = 3?
𝑥−3
A. Yes C. No
B. Does Not Exist D. Cannot be determined

B. Identify the following functions if continuous or not. Write your answer on a

separate sheet of paper.

𝑥 2 −1
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = at 𝑥 = 1
𝑥−1

1
2. 𝑔(𝑥) = at 𝑥 = 1
𝑥−1

1
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = at 𝑥 = 1
𝑥−1

2
4. 𝑓(𝑥) = at 𝑥 = 0
𝑥 2 −𝑥

5. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 2 at 𝑥 = −1

2
 Lesson
Continuity and Differentiability of
1 a Function

What’s In

Read and answer each question. Write the letter that corresponds to your answer on
a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is a continuous function?
A. C.

B. D.

2. What is the derivative of 3𝑥?

A. 3𝑥 C. 0
B. 3 D. 1
𝑥−2
3. The function 𝑦 = is discontinuous at what point?
𝑥+2

A. 𝑥 = 2 C. 𝑥 = 0
B. 𝑥 = −2 D. 𝑥 = 1
4. What value of the denominator will make the function discontinuous?
A. 0 C. -1
B. 1 D. 2
5. On what values of x will make function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2 continuous?
A. 2 C. undefined
B. -2 D. all values of x
𝑥 + 3, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 0
6. Given the function, { , for any point on the real number
𝑥, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 0
line, this function is _____________.
A. Does not exist C. undefined
B. Indeterminate D. defined

3
 𝑥−5
7. Find the limit: lim .
𝑥→5 2 −25
𝑥
1 1
A. − C.
10 5
1 1
B. − D.
5 10

8. Which of the following is true for continuous functions?

A. Continuous functions are not differentiable.
B. Continuous functions do not have graphs.
C. You have to lift your pen once to draw the graph.
D. You can draw the graph of a continuous function with one single pen
stroke without lifting your pen.
9. What is a derivative?
A. the answer C. a mathematical constant
B. A slope D. the inverse of a function
10. Is the function given below continuous/differentiable at 𝑥 = 2?
2 ,𝑥≤2
𝑓(𝑥) = { 2𝑥 − 𝑥
8𝑥 − 22 ,𝑥>2
A. Continuous but not differentiable
B. Differentiable but not continuous
C. Both continuous and differentiable
D. Neither continuous nor differentiable
11. Is the function given below continuous and differentiable at 𝑥 = 3?
2 ,𝑥<3
𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥 ,𝑥≥3
6𝑥 − 9
A. Continuous but not differentiable
B. Differentiable nut not continuous
C. Both continuous and differentiable
D. Neither continuous nor differentiable
12. Which of the following are continuous?
1
A. 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| C. 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥
3 ,𝑥<4 ln 𝑥 , 𝑥 < 0
B. 𝑓(𝑥) = {1 𝑥 + 3 D. 𝑓(𝑥) = {
2
,𝑥≥4 0 ,𝑥=0
13. Which of the following are not differentiable?
A. 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| C. 𝑓(𝑥) = 1066
B. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 3)4 D. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏

4
 0 ,𝑥=0
14. Is function 𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 1 , 𝑥 ≠ 0 continuous at point 0?
𝑥

A. Yes C. Maybe
B. No D. Neither

15. Find the derivative of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 1963.

A. +∞ C. −∞
B. 1963 D. 0

What’s New

Matt is a senior high school student. He believes that he can become successful if he
will make up his mind about what he wants and what he loves: deciding on the career
path that can improve the financial status of his family and at the same time doing
things that he loves. Time management and deciding on where to invest his time to
be as productive as possible while giving himself some “me” time. He looked up to
those successful people and was inspired by how they planned their way to success.

However, there are some instances that even if he planned on how he will spend his
time and resources, failures get in the way. But he never gave up. He was reminded
by the saying, “If you fail, change your plans, not your goals” If plan A, does not work,
he still has plan B or plan C. What is important is that step by step, he is reaching
his goals.

Successful people had their plans before that brought them to where they are right
now. On the other hand, those who did not succeed (yet) may or may not plan thus
something might be done for them to eventually reach their goals.

5
This can be related to different instances in Mathematics. Such as a given function
means it is a relation, but a relation does not mean it is a function. Can you still
remember your first lessons in General Mathematics? Good job! Hopefully, you can
also recall our previous lessons on differentiability and continuity of a function.

In this module, we will learn a similar relationship between these important two
concepts in Calculus. Are you ready? Let’s go!

6
 What is It

Recall that, a function is differentiable if and only if its derivative exists. On the other
hand, a function is continuous if it satisfies the different conditions on continuity as
discussed in our previous modules.

How do these to relate with each other? Let us start our lesson with polynomial
functions.

Example 1.
Identify whether the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 1 is differentiable and continuous.

Solution:

𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 1 Given
𝑓(𝑥+ℎ)−𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim Definition of Derivative
ℎ→0 ℎ
3(𝑥+ℎ)−1−(3𝑥−1)
= lim Substituted the function to the formula
ℎ→0 ℎ
3𝑥+3ℎ−1−3𝑥+1
= lim Distributive Property of Multiplication
ℎ→0 ℎ
3ℎ
= lim Combined like terms
ℎ→0 ℎ

= lim 3 Simplified form

ℎ→0

𝒇′ (𝒙) = 𝟑 Evaluated the limit (Limit of a Constant)

As you can see 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 1 is differentiable since its derivative exists. Next, let us
see if the function is continuous. Below is the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 1.

7
Based on the graph, we can say that the function is continuous since it has no gaps
or holes.

In this example, we proved that the polynomial function 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 1 is differentiable

and continuous. Will this be true for all polynomial functions?

Let us have another example.

Example 2.
Determine whether the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3 is differentiable and continuous
at (1, 5).
Solution:
First let us differentiate 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3.

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3 Given
𝑓(𝑥+ℎ)−𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim Definition of Derivative
ℎ→0 ℎ

(𝑥+ℎ)2 −4(𝑥+ℎ)+3−(𝑥 2 −4𝑥+3)

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim Substituted the function to the
ℎ→0 ℎ
formula

𝑥 2 +2𝑥ℎ+ℎ2 −4𝑥−4ℎ+3−𝑥 2 +4𝑥−3

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim Distributive Property of Multiplication
ℎ→0 ℎ

8
 2𝑥ℎ+ℎ2 −4ℎ
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim Combined like terms
ℎ→0 ℎ
ℎ(2𝑥+ℎ−4)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim Factored out common monomial
ℎ→0 ℎ

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim 2𝑥 + ℎ − 4 Simplified form

ℎ→0

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim 2𝑥 + 0 − 4 Evaluated the limit

ℎ→0

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 4 Final answer

Differentiating the function at the point (1.5) means evaluating 𝑓′(1) thus

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 4 Given

𝑓 ′ (1) = 2(1) − 4 Substituted the value

𝑓 ′ (1) = 2 − 4 Simplified form

𝑓 ′ (1) = −2 Final answer

Since the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3 exist then it is differentiable.

Based on the previous module, we say that a function is continuous if it satisfies the
following conditions
a. 𝑓(𝑎) exists
b. lim 𝑓(𝑥) exists
𝑥→𝑎

c. 𝑓(𝑎) = lim 𝑓(𝑥)

𝑥→𝑎

Now, let us check if the given function will satisfy the above-mentioned conditions at
(1).
a. 𝑓(𝑎) exist
Solution:
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3 Given function

𝑓(1) = 12 − 4(1) + 3 Substituted the value of x

𝑓(1) = 1 − 4 + 3 Simplified form

𝑓(1) = 0 Final answer

b. lim 𝑓(𝑥) exist

𝑥→𝑎

Solution:
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3 Given function
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→1

𝑓(1) = 12 − 4(1) + 3 Substituted the value of x

𝑓(1) = 1 − 4 + 3 Simplified form

9
 𝑓(1) = 0 Final answer

c. 𝑓(𝑎) = lim 𝑓(𝑥)

𝑥→𝑎

Solution:
𝑓(1) = 0 Solutions for conditions 1 and 2

lim 𝑥2 − 4𝑥 + 3 = 0
𝑥→1

𝑓(1) = lim 𝑥 2 4𝑥 + 3 Condition 3

𝑥→0

0=0

Since the three conditions are satisfied then 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3 is continuous at

(1, 5). Therefore, we can say that the polynomial function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3 is
differentiable and continuous.

Based on our solutions, the first two examples are polynomial which are
differentiable and continuous at every real number x. Thus,

If a function is differentiable at 𝒙 = 𝒂, then function of

𝒇(𝒙) is continuous 𝒙 = 𝒂 (Mercado, 2016)

If that is the case, will it be true the other way around?

Let us examine the following examples:

P
P P

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

Can you recall the figures above?

10
Correct! Those are examples from our previous module. These are cases whenever a
function does not have tangent lines at point P and these are NOT differentiable.
Now, which of these functions are continuous?

Very good! Figures 1 and 2 are continuous. (Since you can draw them without lifting
your pen because no holes or gaps can be seen on the graphs). While Figure 3 is not
continuous because there is a hole in the graph.

Based on this, what can we conclude?

If a function 𝒇(𝒙) is not differentiable at 𝒙 = 𝒂 then it may or

may not be continuous at 𝒙 = 𝒂 (Mercado, 2016).

Let as have more examples to prove this.

Example 3
Identify whether the function below is differentiable and continuous at x = 0.
𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥|
Solution:
Let us see if it is differentiable at point 𝑥 = 0

𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 | Given function

𝑓|𝑥+ℎ|−|𝑥|
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim Definition of Derivative
ℎ→0 ℎ
|0+ℎ|−|0|
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim Substituted the function to the formula
ℎ→0 ℎ
ℎ
𝑓 ′ (𝑥)=lim Simplified form
ℎ→0 ℎ
,𝑖𝑓 ℎ > 0
|ℎ| = { ℎ Answer
−ℎ ,𝑖𝑓 ℎ < 0

We will not include ℎ = 0 because h cannot be equal to 0 because it will make the
function undefine. Using the function above:

|ℎ| −ℎ
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim− = = −1
ℎ→0 ℎ ℎ
|ℎ| −ℎ
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim = = −1
ℎ→0∓ ℎ ℎ

11
Since the left- and right-hand limit are not equal then 𝑓 ′ (0) does not exist and this
is not differentiable at 𝑥 = 0.

Now let us check its continuity. This is an absolute function which can also be
written as:
𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 0
𝑓(𝑥) {
−𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 0
Let us graph this using a table of values

x -2 -1 0 1 2
y 2 1 0 1 2

We can see that the graph is continuous but let us still prove by checking if it will
satisfy the three conditions for continuity:

a. 𝑓(0) = |0| = 0
b. lim− |𝑥|= lim− |𝑥| −𝑥 = 0
𝑥→0 𝑥→0

lim |𝑥|= lim |𝑥| 𝑥=0

𝑥→0∓ 𝑥→0∓

c.𝑓(0) = lim𝑥→0 |𝑥|

0=0
Limit exists since lim− |𝑥|= lim∓ |𝑥|
𝑥→0 𝑥→0

12
Since the three conditions are satisfied, we can say that 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| is continuous at
the same point 𝑥 = 0.

In this example, the function is not differentiable but is continuous at the same point.
Is everything clear now? Hope this last example will make you understand the lesson
deeper.

Example 4
Check the differentiability and continuity of the function below at 𝑥 = 3
2
𝑦=
𝑥−3

Solution:
2
Let us differentiate 𝑓(𝑥) = at 𝑥 = 3.
𝑥−3

2
𝑓(𝑥) = Given function
𝑥−3
𝑓(𝑥+ℎ)−𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓′(𝑥) = lim Definition of Derivative
ℎ→0 ℎ
2 2
−
𝑥+ℎ−3 𝑥−3
𝑓′(𝑥) = lim Substituted the function to the
ℎ→0 ℎ
formula

2(𝑥−3)−2(𝑥+ℎ−3)
(𝑥+ℎ−3)(𝑥−3)
𝑓′(𝑥 ) = lim ℎ
Performed the indicated operations
ℎ→0
2𝑥−6−2𝑥−2ℎ+6
(𝑥+ℎ−3)(𝑥−3)
𝑓′(𝑥) = lim Distributive Property of Multiplication
ℎ→0 ℎ
−2ℎ 1
𝑓′(𝑥) = lim (𝑥+ℎ−3)(𝑥−3) ∙ ℎ Performed the operation
ℎ→0
−2
𝑓′(𝑥 ) = (𝑥+0−3)(𝑥−3) Evaluated the limit

−2
𝑓′(𝑥 ) = (𝑥−3)(𝑥−3) Simplified form

−2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑥−3)2 Final answer

13
Evaluate: 𝑓′(3).
−2 2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑥−3)2 Derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) =
(𝑥−3)
−2
𝑓 ′ (3) = (3−3)2 Substituted the given value

−2
𝑓 ′ (3) = Simplified form
02
−2
𝑓 ′ (3) =
0
𝑓 ′ (3) = 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 Final answer

2
Since 𝑓 ′ (3) does not exist, then 𝑓(𝑥) = is not differentiable at 𝑥 = 3.
(𝑥−3)

For continuity of the function, let us check the three conditions.

a. 𝑓(𝑎) is defined Condition 1

2
𝑓(𝑥) = Given Function
𝑥−3
2
𝑓(3) = Substituted the value of x
3−3
2
𝑓(3) = Simplified form
0

𝑓(3) = undefined Final answer

b. lim 𝑓(𝑥) exists thus lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = lim+ 𝑓(𝑥)

𝑥→𝑎 𝑥−𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

2
lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = lim− Given Function
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→3 𝑥−3
2
= lim− Substituted the value of x
𝑥−3 3−3
2
= lim− Simplified form
𝑥→3 0

= −∞ Rules Involving Infinite limits

2
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim+ Given Function
𝑥→𝑎+ 𝑥→3 𝑥−3
2
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚+ Substituted the value of x
𝑥→3 3−3
2
= lim+ Simplified form
𝑥→3 0

= ∞ Rules Involving Infinite limits

14
The second condition is not satisfied therefore the third condition will also be not
satisfied.

2
Therefore 𝑓(𝑥) = is not differentiable nor continuous at 𝑥 = 3.
(𝑥−3)

What’s More

Determine if the given function is continuous and differentiable at the indicated

values of x. Write the letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 10
A. 𝑥 = 5 B. 𝑥 = 0
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6
A. 𝑥 = 1 B. 𝑥 = −3
4𝑥+5
3. 𝑓(𝑥) =
9−3𝑥

A. 𝑥 = −1 B. 𝑥 = 0 C. 𝑥 = 3
2𝑥 𝑥<6
4. 𝑔(𝑥) = {
𝑥−1 𝑥≥6
A. 𝑥 = 4 B. 𝑥 = 6

15
 What I Have Learned

Read the following statements. Identify whether these are SOMETIMES TRUE,
ALWAYS TRUE or NEVER TRUE. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. If a function is differentiable at a point, then it is continuous at the same point.

2. If a function is continuous at a point, then it is differentiable at the same point.
3. If a function is differentiable at a point, then it is not continuous at the same
point.
4. If a function is not differentiable at a point, then it is continuous at the same
point.
5. If a function is not differentiable at a point, then it is not continuous at the same
point.

16
 What I Can Do

Determine whether the x-values are differentiable at the given graph below. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. 𝑥 = −4
2. 𝑥 = −3
3. 𝑥 = 0
4. 𝑥 = −2
5. 𝑥 = 2

17
 Assessment

A. Read and answer the following questions. Write the letter of your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

A. Continuous functions are not differentiable.
B. Continuous functions do not have graphs.
C. Continuous functions are differentiable
D. Continuous functions have gaps on their graphs

2. Which of the following functions are continuous but not differentiable?

y y

A. C.

x x

y y
B. D.

x x

3. All functions below are continuous and differentiable EXCEPT ONE. Which
is it?
A. linear function C. quadratic function
B. absolute value function D. rational function

4. On what value/s of x will make the function f(x) = x – 4 continuous?

A. 4 C. – 4
B. 0 D. all values of x

5
5. The function 𝑓(𝑥) = is continuous and differentiable at all values of x
𝑥+2
EXCEPT?
A. 2 C. – 2
B. 5 D. 1

18
B. Determine whether each of the following functions is:
A. continuous
B. differentiable

Graph Given Point Continuous Differentiable

6.
y

All values of x

7.

x=3

8.
y

x=-2
x

19
9.

x=3

10.

x=0

20
 Additional Activities

𝑥 2 + 2𝑥, if 𝑥 < 𝑎
Find all values of a such that the function 𝑓(𝑥) = { is
−1, if 𝑥 ≥ 𝑎
continuous everywhere.

21
 22
Assessment:
A.
1. C
2. D What I Can Do:
What I have Learned: 3. B
4. D 1. Not differentiable
Additional Activities: 1. ALWAYS 5. C 2. Not differentiable
2. SOMETIMES B. 3. Not differentiable
𝑎 = −1 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 3. NEVER 4. Differentiable
4. SOMETIMES 6. / / 5. Differentiable
5. SOMETIMES 7. / /
8. / /
9. / /
10. / X
What’s In:
1. B
2. B What’s More: What I Know:
3. B 1. a. continuous and differentiable A.
4. A b. continuous and differentiable 1. A
5. D 2. B
6. D 2. a. continuous and differentiable 3. A
7. D b. continuous and differentiable 4. D
8. D 5. C
9. B 3. a. continuous and differentiable B.
10. D b. continuous and differentiable 1. not continuous
11. C c. not continuous and not differentiable 2. not continuous
12. A 3. continuous
13. A 4. a. continuous and differentiable 4. not continuous
14. A b. not continuous and not differentiable 5. continuous
15. D
Answer Key
References
Mercado, Jesus P., and Orines Fernando. 2016. Next Century Mathematics 11 Basic
Calculus. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

https://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/problems/calci/continuity.aspx

http://www.math.ubc.ca/~sujatha/2013/106/week4/solutions%20to%
20Assignment4.pdf

https://sites.math.washington.edu/~aloveles/Math124Fall2017/m124ContinuityP
ractice.pdf

http://amsi.org.au/ESA_Senior_Years/SeniorTopic3/3a/3a_2content_7.html

https://www.khanacademy.org/math/ap-calculus-ab/ab-differentiation-1-
new/ab-2-4/e/differentiability-at-a-point-graphical

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