-

They produce
diff gametes
/ ↳
④
08 -

09 -
202 I

Mendel"Experimeut@nw
He
garden pea
chose as

his
plant material
for
experiment because ÷

a) Bisexual flowers .

male & female sex

( organ
present in same
flowery
?⃝
b) Easy self fertilisation
c) Easy hybridization
d) Cross fertilization possible
e) Shoot
life span (
3- 4
-

mouths
)
f) well
defined
-

characters
/ traits .
 Christens Mendel
by for
chosen

his
experiment -7 characters

Character Dominant Recessive

☒

Height of
f. dwarf
1- Tall
plant
%

2. flower •
colour
valet white

3. flower
position
Axial
f%ermina
?⃝
 Pod constricted
4.
Inflated
shape
as
5. Pod Green Yellow
colour

G. Seed 0 E3
shape Round wrinkled

7- .

Seed Yellow Gown

Colour
 Mendel 's laws
of inheritance

A) Law
of Paired factors
=

of
Each character an individual

governed by factors
two called

as
alley / alletomovph
allele
> allele
-2¥
gene
gene
Two allele make
gene
one

but dominant
allele
express
.
B) dawcf-nan-d.IT
TT ✗ tt Parents
fall dwarf
1.
④ -
F
,
generation
Tall

RR ✗ 00 Parents
Round Woinpbed
I
Roc f, generation
'

Round
 a.
a
¥.

÷× Ab

④
.CdefG~
or

B①②④dEeEfagHw
Dominant team
?⃝
 When two
Homozygous individuals
•

with characters
contrasting
one 00 more

Are crossed .

Then the character

appeared in
•

dominant characters
F,
hybrid
are

& which do not

character .
appear.is#nive
urn

mm

This
• is called as law
of
dominance
me
 (c)
dawof-se.ge#ation
00

Q
dawof-PH-gamet.es

µµ
Tall ✗
dwarf
tt

/
I
Éfl -5 hybrid
A
?⃝
Bt ✗ TT (dominant

⑤ EM

t¥☒
Éll
100% Tall
TestG@:→
Tt ✗ tt

fFD@ecessivepareutjx.X

*
50% 5%twarf-
 during gametogenesis
• It means

alleles
of gene scapegoated
a

separated
or

otherwise the condition Should

be
Gest Cross : .

Tt ✗ tt

t \
Tt tt

\ / this way But

- wrong
-

was
 -

This law states that when a

pair
•

of contrasting in
allele are
brought
together heterozygous
condition
( ) then these
Tt ,

allele remain
together
two
⑤& ④
without
effecting / contaminated
but when
they separated
during gametogenesis then ,

they form pure gametes

___s
gametes having
means

only one

a
gene
of
allele
.
 •
This law cleared one more

thing
that -

Recessive always
a) Homozygous
-

individual

gtt
e.

Dominant
b) individual
→
Homozygous

\ Heterozygous
g TT
•

Tt
e.g
• This law is also known as

of Heredity
Mendel's
first law

(D) Law
of Independent
Ass÷m_ñ#
Previous laws
dependent upon
Monohyboid Cross but this

law
Dihybrid
-

cross should

be considered .
Dihybrid Goss Mendel cxoossed
-

Yellow -
round seeds
with Green -
wrinkle seeds

RRYY ✗

ayy
(Round -

yellow (winkle
green
-

pea plant) pea plant)

/ Gametogenesis ) ✓

④ ⑧
y
fg hybrid
Heterozygous dominant
 Goss
Self -

or Rolly ✗
Rolly f

f !
gametogenesis
RY RY

Ry Ry
v4 it
'
y
•

y
To make their combination
we have to make Punnett
square
 .IE#i: : .RYRound-yR-yR-Y
¥1
R Y
-

Rok
Ry RRYY RRyy
R" R" Royy
• Y Rolly
R Y
Roxy MY
oily
-

R y
-

og Riley Royy oily ayy

LÉ-gFn
9
→
Round -

yellow
3. → Round green -

3- wrinkle -

yellow
1- wrinkle
goon
-
• This law states that when

more than one traits comes

trait
together then each can

assort There
independently
.

of
could be the chances combine

-
tim between

Dominant -

Recessive
00

Recessive -
Dominant

Round seeds
green
e.

g
-

4
Wrinkle Yellow
-

seeds
• This low also called Mendel 's
-

secondlawcfheretityg
.