SERVICIO NACIONAL DE APRENDIZAJE (SENA)

Actividad de aprendizaje 15: Establecer procedimientos para la exportación, importación y

nacionalización de mercancías de acuerdo con la normatividad vigente

Evidencia 5: Summary Export-import theory”

Tecnología Gestión Logística (2104761)

Equipo GAES N° 5

Elaborado Por:
Juan Carlos Rodríguez Arboleda

Instructores
Ruth Marcela Beltrán Betancourt
Liliana Andrea Calderón Monguí

Junio 24 de 2021

Actividad de aprendizaje 15 Evidencia 5:

Summary “Export-import theory”

Contar con los conocimientos necesarios para realizar un proceso de exportación, requiere no solo
de manejar habilidades lectoras para apropiar las normas y pasos a seguir, sino también
comprender y extraer los aspectos más importantes de cada texto. Existen gran cantidad de textos
referentes exportación e importación en inglés, por lo cual es necesario fortalecer las
competencias en dicha lengua.

Para reforzar lo mencionado, realice las siguientes actividades:

1. Lea el siguiente texto:

Export-Import Theory1

Setting up the business

Whether it is a new or existing export-import business, the legal form, or structure, will
determine how the business is to be conducted, its tax liability, and other important
considerations. Each form of business organization has its own advantages and
disadvantages, and the entrepreneur has to select the one that best fulfills the goals of the
entrepreneur and the business. Selection of an appropriate business organization is a task
that requires accounting and legal expertise and should be done with the advice of a
competent attorney or accountant.

Ownership structure

In this section, we examine different forms of business organizations: sole proprietorships,

partnerships, corporations, and limited liability companies.
Sole proprietorships

A sole proprietorship is a firm owned and operated by one individual. No

separate legal entity exists. There is one principal in the business who has
total control over all export-import operations and who can make decisions
without consulting anyone. The major advantages of sole proprietorships
are as follows:

1. They are easy to organize and simple to control. Establishing an export-

import business as sole proprietorship is simple and inexpensive and
requires little or no government approval. At the state level, registration of
the business name is required, while at the federal level, sole proprietors
need to keep accurate accounting records and attach a profit or loss
statement for the business when filing individual tax returns (Schedule C,
Internal Revenue Service Form 1040). They must operate on a calendar
year and can use the cash or accrual method of accounting.

2. They are more flexible to manage than partnerships or corporations. The

owner makes all operational and management decisions concerning the
business. The owner can remove money or other assets of the business
without legal or tax consequences. He or she can also easily transfer or
terminate the business.

3. Sole proprietorships are subject to minimal government regulations

versus other business concerns.

4. The owner of a sole proprietorship is taxed as an individual, at a rate

lower than the corporate income tax rate. Losses from the export import
business can be applied by the owner to offset taxable income from other
sources. Sole
proprietors are also allowed to establish tax exempt retirement accounts.
(Harper, 1991; Cheeseman, 2006a)
The major disadvantage of running an export-import concern as a sole
proprietorship is the risk of unlimited liability. The owner is personally liable
for the debts and other liabilities of the business. Insurance can be bought
to protect against these liabilities; however, if insurance protection is not
sufficient to cover legal liability for defective products or debts, judgment
creditors’ next recourse is the personal assets of the owner. Another
disadvantage is that the proprietor’s access to capital is limited to personal
funds plus any loans that can be obtained. In addition, very few individuals
have all the necessary skills to run an export-import business, and the
owner may lack certain skills. The business may also terminate upon the
death or disability of the owner.

Establishing an appropriate business organization: pointers

 Does the entrepreneur intend to be the sole owner of the export-import

business? If not, how many people have an ownership interest?

 Does the entrepreneur need additional capital and/or expertise?

 What legal form provides the greatest flexibility for management?

 What legal form affords the most advantageous tax treatment for the
business concern and individual entrepreneurs?

 Which legal structure is easy and less expensive to establish and subject
to a low degree of government regulation?

 How important is it to limit personal liability of owners?

 o Which legal structure is the most appropriate in light of the goals and
objectives of the export-import business? (Belay, 2009).

2. Elabore una lista de vocabulario sobre el texto, mínimo de 15 palabras y

escriba su respectivo significado en inglés.

vocabular significa
io do
Advantages: Circumstance or situation Ventajas: Circunstancia o situación que
that gives superiority in something. da superioridad en alguna cosa.

Disadvantages: Circumstance of being Desventajas: Circunstancia de ser peor o

worse or being in a worse situation one
thing with respect to others of the same
nature with which it is compared. Less
favorable situation
in which a person or thing is with respect
to others with which it is compared.
Attorney: Person legally authorized to
advise and defend the rights and interests
of another person in legal matters and
represent it in a
lawsuit.
Without: Indica falta o carencia de
alguna cosa material o inmaterial.
Proprietorships: Property rights
In the right, the domain or property, is the
direct and immediate power over an object
or good, by which is attributed to its owner
the ability to dispose of it, without further
limitations than those imposed by law.
Returns: The return is the act of giving
something back to someone. It is a
process that is based on a right of
possession of a certain person with
respect to a certain good that was
delivered with some type of specific
objective.
estar en peor situación una cosa respecto a
otras de la misma naturaleza con la que se
compara. Situación menos favorable en que
se
halla una persona o cosa respecto a otras
con las que se compara.
Abogado: Persona legalmente autorizada
para asesorar y defender los derechos e
intereses de otra persona en materia
jurídica y
representarla en un pleito.
Sin: Indicates lack or lack of
something material or immaterial.
Propietarios: Derecho de propiedad, en el
derecho, el dominio o propiedad, es el
poder directo e inmediato sobre un objeto o
bien, por la que se atribuye a su titular la
capacidad de disponer del mismo, sin más
limitaciones que
las que imponga la ley.
Devoluciones: La devolución es el acto
de entregar algo nuevamente a alguien.
Es un proceso de se sustenta en un
derecho de posesión de una
determinada persona con respecto a un
determinado bien que fue entregado con
algún tipo de objetivo
específico.
Applied: That puts effort, interest and
perseverance in the accomplishment
of a work or in the development of an
activity,
especially in the study.
Aplicado: Que pone esfuerzo, interés y
constancia en la realización de un trabajo o
en el desarrollo de una actividad, en
especial en
el estudio.
Loans: A loan is an operation by which a
financial institution puts at our disposal a
certain amount of money through a
contract.
Skills: The ability is the innate aptitude,
talent, skill or ability that a person holds to
carry out and of course with success,
certain activity,
work
Losses: Small amount of blood or
discharge from the womb that is
abnormally expelled
outside of the menstrual period.
Upon: Heritage prefix of Latin origin
that enters the formation of names
with the
meaning of 'above', 'besides'.
Judgment: Faculty of understanding, by
virtue
of which man can distinguish good from
evil and true from false.
Income: Amount of money earned
or collected.
Little: That has a smaller size than normal.
Sole: It applies to one or several things
of which or of whose species there are
no
others.
Prestamos: Un préstamo es una operación
por la cual una entidad financiera pone a
nuestra disposición una cantidad
determinada de
dinero mediante un contrato.
Habilidades: La habilidad es la aptitud
innata, talento, destreza o capacidad que
ostenta una persona para llevar a cabo y
por supuesto con
éxito, determinada actividad, trabajo
Pérdidas: Cantidad pequeña de sangre o
flujo procedente de la matriz que se
expulsa
anormalmente fuera del período menstrual.
Sobre: Prefijo patrimonial de origen latino
que entra en la formación de nombres con
el
significado de ‘por encima de’, ‘además de’.
Juicio: Facultad del entendimiento, por cuya
virtud el hombre puede distinguir el bien
del mal y lo verdadero de lo falso.
Ingresos: Cantidad de dinero
ganada o recaudada.
Pequeño: Que tiene un tamaño menor de
lo normal.
Único: Se aplica a una o varias cosas de
las cuales o de cuya especie no hay
otras.

3. El texto sugerido al inicio de esta evidencia cuenta con varios párrafos, y al

interior de cada párrafo se encuentran varias ideas principales. Por favor, lea el
material complementario “Identifying the main idea” para conocer cómo se
puede encontrar la idea principal en un párrafo escrito en inglés.

MAIN IDEAS

• How to carry out a business

• There are different forms of commercial organizations

• The director controls all export and import operations

• The sole proprietors are simple and low in costs

• The owners are in charge of making all the decisions

• The individual companies are governamental

• The individual owners have a lower rate than the tax rate
 • The owners are responsible for their business

4. Luego de analizar el material complementario, por favor escriba las ideas

principales de cada párrafo, en presente simple, en inglés. No haga
transcripción literal de los párrafos. A continuación, transforme la oración a
presente progresivo, también en inglés.

Simple Present Tense Present Progressive Tense

How to carries out a business How to carriesing out a
business
There's are different forms of There's are differenting forms of
commercial organizations commercial organizations
The director controls all export and The director controlling all export
import operations and
import operations
The sole proprietors are simple and The sole proprietors are simple and
lows in costs low in costsing
The owners are in charges of make The owners are in charge of making
all the decisions all the decisions
The individual companies are The individual companying
governamental are
governamental
The individual owners have a lower The individual owners having a lower
rate than the tax rate rate than the tax rate
The owners are responsible for their The owners are responsible for
business their business

5. Organice las ideas en un solo resumen, de manera que se conecten

coherentemente, en 15 líneas.

How to carry out an export and import business, in different forms of commercial
organizations since the director controls all export and import operations, where
the sole proprietors are simple and low in cost and make all the decisions in front
of the business. Individual companies are governmental and have a lower rate than
the tax rate, thus carrying the responsibility of the business

Knowing well that each legal form in which the company has its legal bases will
apply different processes why you should know what you should apply to have
greater knowledge and not have legal consequences in the environment even with
a single administrator or boss immediately co-author all the legal health and tax
aspects for
a better export or import in order to provide the company with better quality and
good recognition at the international level and to conquer or reach large countries
for its advertising and industry growth.