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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Mandaue City Division
Plaridel St., Reclamation Area, Mandaue City

Engineering and Science Education

Program
Consumer Chemistry
Quarter 1 – Week 5

Naming of Organic
Compounds
Learning competency:
Name the organic compounds in IUPAC system.

Objectives:

1. Explain the IUPAC system of naming organic compounds.

2. Name the organic compounds in IUPAC system.

What I know?
Nomenclature
The system of naming compounds is referred to as nomenclature. In the early history of
organic chemistry, the names of compounds were related to the origin of certain properties of
compounds of the compounds. With millions of organic compounds, it because necessary to
develop a system of nomenclature. The system adopted was one recommended by the
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). The rules of this system are as
follows:
A. For hydrocarbon (alkane, alkene, alkyne)
1. Select the longest continuous carbon chain in the molecule. Refer to the
hydrocarbon name in the table below. This becomes the base name.

NAMES OF HYDROCARBON AND THE ALKYL GROUPS

Molecular Formula Condensed Structural Formula Name Alkyl

(CnHn+1)
CH4 CH4 Methane Methyl
C2 H 6 CH3CH3 Ethane Ethyl
C3 H 8 CH3CH2CH3 Propane Propyl
C4H10 CH3CH2CH2CH3 Butane Butyl
C5H12 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 Pentane Pentyl
C6H14 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 Hexane Hexyl
C7H16 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 Heptane Heptyl
C8H18 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 Octane Octyl
C9H20 CH3(CH2)7CH3 Nonane Nonyl
C10H22 CH3(CH2)8CH3 Decane Decyl

2. Add the following endings to the base name.

-ane ----- alkane
-ene ----- alkene
-yne ----- alkyne
Thus, the IUPAC names of the following hydrocarbons are
 a. CH3—CH2—CH2—CH3 --- butane ---- contains single bond (1- dash)

b. CH3—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH3 --- pentane ---- contains single bond (1- dash)

c. CH2=CH2 --- ethene ---- contains double bond (2- dashes)
d. CH = CH --- ethyne ---- contains triple bond (3- dashes)

3. In alkenes and alkynes, number the chain beginning all the end that is closer to the
double bond or triple bond. The indicate position of the multiple bonds, use a prefix
number before the alkane or alkyne name.
Examples:
5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5
a. CH3—CH2--CH=CH2—CH3 not CH3—CH2--CH=CH—CH3
2-pentene not 3-pentene

1 2 3 4 10 9 8 3-C 4 3 2 1
b. CH2=CH—CH2--CH3 c. CH3 --CH2—CH2—(CH2)3—CH2--CH=CH—CH3
1- butene 2-decene
In compounds containing two double bonds, the ending -diene is used.
Examples:
1 2 3 4 5 6
CH3--CH=C=CH—CH2—CH3 2,3-hexadiene
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CH3—CH2—CH=CH—CH2—CH2--CH=CH—CH3 2,6-nonene

4. In branched hydrocarbons, consider the branch as a constituent group and name it

by changing -ane to -yl (alkyl).
For alkanes, number the chain starting at the end that is closer to the branched. To
illustrate the rule, refer to the following examples.
5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 not CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
│ │
CH3 CH3
 2- methyl pentane not 4-methyl pentane
If identical substituents are present, use the prefixes di-, tri-, tetra, etc., and indicate the
numbers with a comma. If different substituents are present, arrange them alphabetically.
Examples:
a. b.
CH3 C 2 H5
1 │2 3 4 5 7 6 5 │4 3 2 1
CH3--CH2—CH2—CH2--CH3 CH3--CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH3
│ │ │
CH3 CH3 CH3
2, 4-dimethyl pentane 4-ethyl-2,5-dimethyl heptane
For branched alkenes and alkynes, follow rule 3 in numbering the carbon chain.
Examples:
C 2 H5
5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 │5 6
CH3--CH2—CH2 = CH2-- CH3 CH3 ≡ CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH3
│ │ │
CH3 CH3 CH3
4-methyl-2-pentene 5-ethyl- 3,4-dimethyl-1-hexyne

Independent Assessment 1