INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL SECURITY CONCEPTS

I. Course Code: LEA 3

II. Course Name: Introduction to Industrial Security Concepts

III. Course Description: The course covers the study of the concept and principles
of industrial security. It includes the role of security profession in law
enforcement administration and public safety, importance of security
personnel in investigation, the concept of criminalistics in the field of
industrial security investigation and crime detection, and the principles
applicable to jurisprudence of criminal law, evidence, and criminal procedure
in relation to the legal context of industrial security and related laws.

IV. Course Learning Outcomes

CLO1. Demonstrate competence and broad understanding in industrial

security administration in relation to public safety and criminal justice.

CLO2. Utilize the appropriate Field of Forensic Science or Criminalistics

applicable in the investigation of cases involving industrial security.

CLO3. Apply the Principles of and Jurisprudence of Criminal Law, evidence,

and criminal procedure in relation with security profession

CLO4. Collaborate effectively and independently in multi-disciplinary and

multicultural teams in the field of security

CLO5. Engage in lifelong learning and understanding of the need to keep

abreast on the developments in the field of security.

CLO6. Apply professional, social, and ethical standards in the practice of

profession.

V. Requirements: Comply and pass all academic requirements

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 CHAPTER 1
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF INDUSTRIAL SECURITY IN THE
PHILIPPINES

Commonwealth Act No. 1 is the original policy basis of the national security
program of the Republic of the Philippines. That act mandated the establishment of
a Council of National Defense to advise with the President on all matters of national
defense policy, with membership consisting of the President, all living former
Presidents, the Vice President, the head of each executive department, the Chief of
Staff, and six other members to be designated by the President.

Subsequent to World War II, which included a period during which the
Commonwealth government operated as a government in exile, and subsequent to
the recognition of the Republic of the Philippines as a sovereign nation,
President Elpidio Quirino established the National Security Council as a body so
named.

The 1987 Constitution mandates civilian control of the military and

establishes the president as commander in chief of the armed forces. The President
also heads the National Security Council, ostensibly the policy-making and advisory
body for matters connected with national defense. Former President Corazon
Aquino reestablished the council in 1986 through an executive order that provided
for a National Security Council director to advise the president on national security
matters and for a National Security Council Secretariat. The council itself is
composed of the president and at least nine others: the Vice President; the AFP chief
of staff; National Security Council director; the Executive Secretary; and the
Secretaries of Foreign Affairs, National Defense, Interior and Local
Government, Justice, and Labor and Employment (called ministers before 1987). By
the end of 1990, however, the National Security Council had only convened twice

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 Responsibility for national security was vested in the Department of National
Defense. The principal functions of the department in 1991 were to defend the state
against internal and external threats and, through the Philippine National Police, to
maintain law and order. The Secretary of National Defense, by law a civilian, was
charged with advising the president on defense matters and developing defense
policy.

In 2002, Philippines President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo won crucial backing

from her cabinet and the Congress for the deployment of US soldiers in the country
as part of the war on terrorism. The President convened a meeting of the country's
National Security Council during that time, in a bid to pull wavering officials,
including her vice-president into line and smooth over differences in her
administration over the issue. Arroyo insisted her oppositions to marshal support for
her stance to back a U.S.-led campaign against terrorism, not only to implement a
unanimous UN Security Council resolution calling on U.N. members to bring the
perpetrators to justice but also the Philippines' strategic alliance with the United
States and to assist the global campaign to end the scourge of terrorism.

National Security Advisor (NSA) and Director-General serve as Chief of Staff

and adviser for Special Concerns in National Security to the President. The NSA has
a Cabinet rank in the government. The current Director-General and National
Security Adviser is Sec. Hermogenes Esperon.

The NSC's function is to advise the President with respect to the integration
of domestic, foreign, and military policies relating to the national security. It is also
said that it serves as the President's principal arm for coordinating these policies
among various government departments and agencies in matters involving the
national security.

(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Philippines)

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INDUSTRIAL SECURITY

It is a concept that refers to a series of security activities that protect resources

and minimize risk and loss to prevent leakage of key technologies and confidential
information at the enterprise level, and affect national problems as well.

It is the status reached when the appropriate measures and procedures are
implemented to gain access to, handle or generate Classified Information during the
performance of a classified contract or program.

A comprehensive workplace security is very important because it will reduce

liabilities, insurance, compensation and other social security expenses to be paid by
the company to the stakeholders. Thus, you increase your business revenue and
reduce the operational charges that incur on your business budgets.

non-stock private organization, and it was formed in May 1958.

R.A. 5487 – It is an act that regulates the organization and operation of the private
detective, watchmen or security guard agencies. it is known as Private Security
Agency Law.

- Before R.A. 5487 there is no law, what they need is only a permit from the city or
municipal mayor to hire a security guard.

PCSUSIA – Philippine Constabulary Supervisory Unit for Security and Investigation

Agencies

- was formed as a result of the approval of R.A. 5487, which directs the Chief PC
to issue rules and regulations concerning the implementation of R.A. 5487.
- later was change to PNPSOSIA- when the Philippine Constabulary was
dissolved and the personnel was merged to the PNP.
-

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PNPSOSIA – PNP Supervisory Office for Security and Investigation Agencies

- Before it is responsible for the issuance of implementing orders regarding the

rules and regulations affecting security agencies operation.

 PNPSAG/SD – PNP Security Agency Guards/ Supervision Division – for

national
 PNP FE/SAGS – PNP Firearm and Explosives/ Security Agency Guard
Services – for local
- it directs the Chief of PNP to issue rules and regulations concerning the
implementing rules of R.A. 5487.
- Effectivity date – Oct. 3, 1972 and Jan. 17, 1975 and amended by P. D. # 11
and 11A
- and again amended in 2003 with Title 2003 Revised Rules and Regulations
Implementing R.A. 5487 as amended.

Private Detective Agency - is any person who for hire or reward or on commission
conducts or carries on or holds himself out as conducting or carrying on a detective
agency or detective service.

Private Detective - any person who is not a member of a regular police agency or
armed forces who does detective work for hire, reward or commission.

PADPAO - Philippine Association of Detective and Protective Agency Operators.

Watchmen/Security Guard - person who offers or renders personal service to watch

or secure either residential or business establishment or both or any building,
compound or area for hire or compensation or as an employee thereof.

Security Agency - any person, association, partnership or corporation who recruits,

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trains, muster ,furnishes, solicit individuals or business firms, private or government
owned or controlled corporation to engage his services or those of its watchmen.

Who May Organize Security Agency

1. Any Filipino Citizen or a corporation, partnership or association.

2. With a minimum capital required by law.

 In case of corporation, association, or partnership - must be 100 % owned and

controlled by Filipino citizen.
 No person shall organize or have interest in more than one agency.

Qualification of an Operator or Manager of a Security Agency:

1. At least 25 years of age
2. College graduate and/or commissioned officer in the inactive service of the AFP
3. Good moral character
4. No previous record of any conviction of any crime/offense involving moral turpitude
5. Not suffering from any of the following disqualifications:

1. dishonorably discharged or separate from the AFP

2. mentally incompetent
3. addicted to the use of narcotic drugs
4. habitual drunkard

 An elective or appointive government employees who may be called upon on

account of the function of their respective offices in the implementation and
enforcement of the provision of RA 5487 and person related to such government
employees by affinity or consanguinity in the third civil degree shall not hold
any interest, directly or indirectly in any security guard agency.

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Basic Qualification of a security Guard

1. Filipino citizen
2. High school graduate
3. Physically and mentally fit
4. Not less than 21 nor more than 50 years old
5. At least 5'4" in height
6. Not suffering from any disqualification under RA 5487

 Veterans shall be given priority in employment as security guard or private

detective.
 Person convicted of any crime involving moral turpitude shall not be employed
as security guard or private detective.
 Private detective, detective agency, security guard, security agency must first
obtain license from the PNP.
 Employees employed solely for clerical or manual work need not be licensed.
 The license shall be displayed at all times in a conspicuous and suitable place
in the agency office.
 The PNP shall exercise general supervision over the operation of all private
detective and security guard agencies.
 The City/Municipal Mayors has the power as director of the City/Municipal
civil defense to deputize private detective and security guards to help maintain
peace and order or prevent or arrest law violators in case of emergency or in
times of disaster or calamity. They shall take orders from the Chief of Police
for the duration of the fire, inundation, earthquakes, riots or other emergency.
 A security guard or security agency is entitled to possess firearms.
 Firearm must not be higher than .45 caliber.
 Agency is entitled to possess firearm not exceeding one firearm for every
security guard in its employ.
 Security guard is entitled to possess not more than one riot gun or shotgun.

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  Firearms shall be carried by the security guard only during his tour of duty in
proper uniform within the compound of the establishment except when he
escorts big amount of cash or valuables in or out of said compound.
 The Chief PNP shall prescribe the uniform, ornaments, equipment and
paraphernalia to be worn by the security guards.
 Uniforms must be different from the PNP/AFP.
 Salary of security guard - not lower than the minimum wage prescribed by law.

Limitations and Prohibitions on a Security Agency

1. No agency operating in the City of manila and suburbs may employ more than 1000
watchmen or security guards.

2. No agency operating in other cities and first class municipalities may employ more
than 500 watchmen or security guards.

3. No agency operating in municipalities other than first class may employ more than
200 watchmen or security guards.

4. No person, corporation, partnership or association may organize more than one

agency in any one city or municipality.

5. No agency shall offer, render or accept services to gambling dens or other illegal
enterprises.

6. The extent of the security service being provided by any security agency shall not
go beyond the whole compound or property of the person or establishment
requesting the security service except when they escort big amount of cash.

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Who can Issue rules and regulations to carry out the purpose of RA 5487?
The chief PNP, in consultation with the Philippines Association of Detective and
Protective Agency Operators.

What are the penal provisions for violation of RA5487 or its implementing rules?

Answer:
1. Suspension, fine or cancellation of license to operate with the forfeiture f bond
filed with the Chief PNP.

2. Imprisonment ranging from 1 to 4 years and fine, in the discretion of the courts.

THE CONCEPT OF SECURITY

Historically, criminology has explored security by focusing its attention on what one
might think of as “hitting and taking” harms, typically thought of as “crimes”, that
threaten peaceful coexistence along with the governance processes,
particularly criminal justice, that have been developed to respond to them.

SECURITY – It is freedom from, or resilience against, potential harm caused by

others. Beneficiaries of security may be of persons and social groups, objects and
institutions, ecosystems or any other entity or phenomenon vulnerable to unwanted
change. (Wikipedia)

Security - the predictable state or condition which is free from harm, injury,
destruction, intimidation or fear. Freedom from fear or danger or defense against
crime.

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Purpose of Security – is to protect the establishment from any form of losses as a
result of theft, robbery, pilferage, sabotage, espionage, accident, fire and subversive
activities.

Purpose/Goals of Physical security

1. deter potential intruders - ex. warning signs, perimeter markings

2. distinguish authorized from unauthorized people - ex. using pass card
3. delay or prevent intrusion attempt - ex. wall, door lock, safe
4. detect intrusion and monitor/record intruders - e. CCTV, intrusion alarm
5. trigger appropriate incident responses - ex. security guards

Physical Security System - a barrier or system of barriers placed between the

potential intruder and the matter to be protected. Protective device against hazards,
threats, vulnerability and risks.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF PHYSICAL SECURITY

1. Active- by using different types of barriers.

2. Passive- by using psychological approach

3. Communication Security – is the protection resulting from the application of

various measures which prevents or delay the enemy or unauthorized person in
giving information through the communication system.

4. Hotel Security – is the protection resulting from the application of various

measures which safeguards hotel guests and personnel, hotel property, and functions
in hotel restaurants, bars and clubs.

5. Bank Security – is the protection resulting from the application of various

measures which safeguards cash and assets which are in storage in transit and
during transactions.

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6. Document Security – is physical security that involves the protection of documents
and classified papers from loss, access to unauthorized person, damage, theft and
compromised through disclosure.

7. Personal and VIP Security – involve in the protection of top ranking official the
government, visiting persons of illustrious standing and foreign dignitaries.

8. Crisis Security - is the protection of the rich person, industrial magnates, political
leaders against kidnapping for economic, political, emotional or nationalistic
purposes.

9. Industrial Security - various measures to safeguard factories, manufacturing

establishment, etc.

10. Operational Security - is physical which deals with the protection of processes,
formulas, patents and other activities.

11. Other special type of security - these type of security are adaptations, variations,
innovations and modifications of physical security which are follows;

* Air cargo security - Under the Aviation Transport Security Act of 2004, air cargo is
defined as goods, other than baggage or stores, that are transported by aircraft. ... Air
cargo security measures aim to protect cargo from theft, but they also secure
cargo against incoming materials such as bombs or drugs.

* Supermarket - service, which is used by grocery stores for various safety purposes.
Our supermarket security services prevent shoplifting and internal theft, help secure
deliveries, and watch for suspicious activity during non-business hours.

* School Security - encompasses all measures taken to combat threats to people and
property in education environments. One term connected to school security is school
safety, which is defined as the sheltering of students from violence and bullying, as
well as exposure to harmful elements such as drugs and gang activity.

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* Personnel security - Personnel Security Program is to make a reasonable
determination that individuals granted access to classified information or assigned
to sensitive positions are and will remain loyal, trustworthy, and reliable.

Protective Security - measures taken by an installation or unit to protect against sabotage,

espionage or subversion and at the same time provide freedom of action in order to provide
the installation or unit with the necessary flexibility to accomplish its mission.

Three (3) Aspects of Security

1. Physical Security - measures taken to prevent physical access or entry to an

installation.
2. Personnel Security - measures taken to insure that only authorized personnel
have access to classified documents or information.
3. Document and Information Security - Information security is a set of
practices intended to keep data secure from unauthorized access or
alterations.
(https://www.csoonline.com/article/3513899/what-is-information-security-
definition-principles-and-jobs.html)

Method used in Physical Security

1. Overt – surveillance is performed using devices that are visible and

obvious. It means visible or apparent. It can be observed.

2. Covert - also known as undercover or plain-clothes security, is a specialized

service that provides unsurpassed success in the apprehension of shoplifters,
fraudsters and dishonest employees. Covert security operatives pose as
general shoppers and ensure that only customers are exiting the stores. It
means hidden or concealed. It cannot be observed.

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How to deter potential intruders install the following.

 Security warning signs - let workers and visitors in your facility understand
the system you have in place. This is especially crucial if there are emergency
exit doors that will trigger alarms if they're opened. Security warning
signs can also deter trespassing, theft, and other illegal or suspicious activities.

 Security fences - stating that it is fencing a piece of property to

increase security.

 Vehicle barriers - A barrier meant to stop, disable, or

destroy vehicles intentionally driven into the perimeter of a protected area.
These barriers may be active (movable at the push of a button) or static
(permanently in a vehicle-stopping posture) and be located at gate entrances
or along perimeters between vehicle access points.

 Vehicle height restriction - are designed specifically to allow access to a site for
cars and smaller, lighter vehicles. This bar then pre-warns
the vehicles wishing to gain access to the area that their vehicle may be too
high.

 Restricted access point - t means that you can allow only a number of people
who will enter the facility or a building or institution.

 Sight lighting and trenches - security lighting is lighting that intended to deter
or detect intrusions or other criminal activity on a piece of real property. It can
also be used to increase a feeling of safety. Lighting is integral to crime
prevention through environmental design.

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How to distinguish authorized from unauthorized people.

Access control at the following:

1. Security gates - shall be defined as any gate, door, or other barrier that limits
or restricts public access to or from a property.
2. Security doors - replace conventional doors and revolving doors in fence lines
and entryways. They are used to allow access only to authorized personnel and
are commonly used for high-security access control at construction sites, data
centers, military bases, and prisons.
3. Locks - A lock is a mechanical or electronic fastening device that is released by
a physical object (such as a key, keycard, fingerprint, RFID card, security
token, coin, etc.), by supplying secret information (such as a number or letter
permutation or password), or by a combination thereof or only being able to be
opened from one side such as a door chain.

How to detect intrusion

1. install alarms
2. install intrusion detection monitor
3. install video monitoring system - ex. cctv

Vigiles (in Rome) - origin of the watchmen although their principal duty was as a
fire brigade.
Frank Wills - detected the Watergate burglars ultimately leading to the resignation
of US president Richard Nixon.

Target hardening - the reduction in criminal opportunity, generally through the use
of physical barriers, architectural design and enhanced security measures of a
particular location.

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Defensible Space - the range of mechanisms that combine to bring an environment
under the control of its residents.
Demography - the study of the characteristics of population groups.

Principles of Physical Security

1. An intruder must be able to acquire access to the property in order to benefit.

2. The type of access necessary will depend upon a number of variable factors and
therefore may be achieved in a number of ways.
3. There is no impenetrable barrier.
4. Security is built upon a system of defense in depth resulting to accumulated
delay time which may lead to the apprehension of the intruder.
5. Each installation is different from the others.

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 CHAPTER 2

WHAT IS BARRIER?

An obstacle is an object, thing, action or situation that causes an obstruction.

Different types of obstacles include physical, economic, biopsychosocial, cultural,
political, technological and military.

something (such as a fence or natural obstacle) that prevents or blocks

movement from one place to another. : a law, rule, problem, etc., that makes
something difficult or impossible. : something that makes it difficult for people to
understand each other.

The purpose of a barrier is to prevent the penetration of an area by intruders.

(Wikipedia)

TWO KINDS OF BARRIER

1. Natural - A natural barrier refers to a physical feature that protects or hinders

travel through or over. Mountains, swamps, deserts and ice fields are among
the clearest examples of natural barriers. Wikipedia

2. Artificial - Some barriers are artificial in nature, meaning that they are
imposed from an external authority and would not exist without that
imposition. Others are more natural, barriers that occur without external
imposition and typically exist on an individual level.

FIVE (5) Types of Barriers

1. Human Barriers - a man made feature which stops the spread of nature,
people, goods, services or ideas.
(Example: Security Personnel)

2. Animal Barriers - An animal barrier consists of an animal that is used as

guard system. In theory, you may use many types of animals but we have
limited the use to a dog, almost exclusively a German Shepherd.
(Example: K9 UNIT)

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 3. Natural Barriers - include berms, rocks, trees and other foliage, water features,
sand and gravel, and other natural terrain features that are difficult to
traverse or that expose an attacker.
4. Energy/Electrical/Electronic Barriers - An energy barrier is the use of
mechanical, electric, or electronic energy to prevent or alert about an intruder
entry.
5. Structural Barriers - are obstacles that collectively affect a group
disproportionately and perpetuate or maintain stark disparities in outcomes.

Three (3) Line of Defense

1. Perimeter Barrier - 1st line of defense.

2. Building Exterior - 2nd line of defense.
3. Interior Controls - 3rd line of defense.

Perimeter Barrier - main purpose is to deny or impede access or exit of

unauthorized persons.

Other Purposes

1. It defines the boundary of the property to be secured.

2. It creates a physical and psychological deterrent to unauthorized entry.
3. It delays intrusion, thus facilitating apprehension of intruders.
4. It assists in a more efficient and economical employment of guards.
5. It facilitates and improves the control of pedestrian and vehicular traffic.

COMPONENTS OF PERIMETER BARRIER

FENCE - A fence is a structure that encloses an area, typically outdoors, and is

usually constructed from posts that are connected by boards, wire, rails or
netting. A fence differs from a wall in not having a solid foundation along its
whole length. Alternatives to fencing include a ditch. Wikipedia

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TYPES OF FENCING

1. FULL VIEW - is a fence designed to enclose the desired area without

restricting visual access to it. This means that view fences can be seen through
and do not obstruct the view to your home, hence the name.

Advantages of a full view fence

1. removing patrols and stationary guards are able to keep area surrounding of the
installation under observation.

2. it does not create shadows which would provide cover and concealment for the
intruder.

Disadvantages of a full view fence

1. It allows visual access to the installation its personnel its guard and its activities.

2. It allows the intruders to become familiar with the movements and the time
schedule of the guard patrols thereafter allowing him to pick the time for attempting
penetration which would most advantageous to the intruder.

2. SOLID FENCE - A fence constructed in such a way so that more than 20% of
the surface area of the fence obstructs a view through the fence from a position
perpendicular to the fence.

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Advantages of solid fence

1. Denies visual access of the installation of the intruder.

2. Denies the opportunity for the intruder to become familiar with the personnel

activities and the time schedule of the movements of guards in the installations.

Disadvantages of solid fence

1. It prevents the guards from observing the area around the installation.
2. It creates shadows which may be used by the intruder for cover and concealment.

Minimum acceptable requirements for fence used security barriers

1. Height - 8 feet at a minimum.

2. Slack at the bottom - not to exceed 2 inches. If the fences are not tight then it should
extend even closer to the ground.

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3. Wooden fence post - minimum horizontal dimension of 4X4 inches.

4. Steel fence post - the round type should at least be 2 inches at the smallest
diameter.

5. Fence post - should be set in concrete or in firm soil using commercial drive anchors
to a depth of 3 feet and the maximum distance post is 10 feet.

6. Fence top (Top Guard) - there should be something on the top of the fence to deter
persons attempting to go over fence use of barb wire overhang. The arms holding the
barbwire should be extended at 45 degree angle in the direction of the expected
approach.

7. Fence area - it should be declared trees and vegetation and debris of other materials
which would offer concealment of the intruder or would aid him in scaling the fence.

8. Fence Gates - gates should be limited to the no. necessary for efficient and sage
operation of the installation.

9. Fence Opening - all opening in the fence in excess of 96 inches must be locked
barbed or screen in such a way that they may be interlocked and opened from the
inside and only by selected personnel.

10. Multiple fence - is used should at least be 10 feet apart and the overhang on the
top of the inner fence should point inward.

TOP GUARD – A top guard is an additional overhand or Barbed-wire place on vertical

perimeter fences facing upward and outward with a 45 degree with three to four
strands of barbed-wires, 6 inches apart and must be stalled on the supporting arms.

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 TYPES OF PROTECTIVE ALARM SYSTEM
 Electric Current Alarm System - Electric current systems are your most basic
monitoring tool, in that they only monitor entry points like doors and windows, and
are often installed when a home is being built. With these systems, a low-
voltage electrical circuit flows between two points.

 Wired Alarm System - describes a number of sensors throughout the home that are
connected to a control panel, via a network of wires that run inside the walls and
under the floors.

 Wireless Home Alarm System - are the next generation of security equipment: They
offer comprehensive protection, lower installation costs, and easy upgrades.
Essentially, a wireless security system is comprised of alarms, sensors,
cameras, and various detectors all connected to a main control panel via radio
signals.

 Unmonitored Home Alarm System - consist of equipment you can have a professional
install or install yourself. Equipment can vary greatly between systems, but typical
items include a control panel, motion sensors, door and window sensors, glass-break
sensors, smoke detectors, and sirens.

 Monitored Home Alarm System - are installed and monitored by professional home
security companies. They can include things like cameras, motion detectors, door
sensors, glass-break sensors, silent alarms, and not-so-silent sirens to scare off
intruders.
(https://www.vectorsecurity.com/blog/what-are-the-different-types-of-home-alarm-systems)

Protective lighting is a smart addition to any security system. Using light to deter
intruders is cheaper and more effective than you think. Although it may not be
entirely possible, the ultimate goal of planning and security measures is to keep bad
things from happening.

Protective lighting, or security lighting systems, generally go by the same name.

Certain types, like emergency lighting and moveable lighting, may be used in very
specific cases. But they all have a common goal of keeping your facility secure.

When you are choosing protective lighting for your facility, realize that lighting is
highly dependent on the scenario.

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It’s true that the protective lighting strategy you choose will depend on your
operations, location, and unique threats. However, there are some basic principles of
protective lighting to keep in mind.

Key Principles of Protective Lighting

 Make it easier for security to observe the site

 Make it difficult for security to be seen
 Protective lighting requires less intensity than working light
 Consider whether the background you need to illuminate is dark or light
 Use contrast to make intruders stand out
 Light perimeters and boundaries
 Light structures and internal areas
 Combine lighting strategies with alarm systems and protective services
 Ensure the failure of one light won’t result in system failure

Types of Protective Lighting Strategies

There are seven main types of protective lighting. You should be familiar with most
of them, if not all. Combine some of these styles depending on the area to be protected.

1. Standby lighting

Standby lighting uses stationary lights arranged to flood light on an area. But rather
than constantly illuminating the area, the lights are set to turn on and off using a
built-in timer system or motion-activated sensor controls.

2. Continuous lighting

Continuous lighting is the most common type of protective lighting. This involves
arranging lights to illuminate an area from dusk to dawn. Rather than using motion
sensors or other controls, the lights stay on continuously, preventing the area from
ever being partly or fully dark. This is especially used in outdoor security lighting.

3. Emergency lighting

Emergency lighting is generally used as a backup in case of standard lighting failure.

Emergency lighting systems may be the same as any of the above. They simply
operate as duplicates of other systems during times of emergency such as power
failure. These mainly rely on alternative power sources like backup generators or
batteries.

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4. Moveable lighting

This type of lighting can be stationary or portable. Moveable lighting is most

commonly used as searchlights. Moveable lighting systems may be manual or
computer-operated and are mostly used to supplement continuous or standby lighting
situations.

5. Controlled lighting

Controlled lighting is one strategy of continuous lighting. This type of protective

lighting limits the projection of light to illuminate a limited area outside a perimeter.

6. Surface method lighting

Always with surface lighting, the goal is to illuminate the surface of structures and/or
buildings. This method is particularly favorable to residential areas.

7. Area lighting

Area lighting is just that – lighting designed to illuminate large areas. It’s typically
found in open areas such as parking lots, but “area lighting” is a very broad term that
may refer to lighting for any specific location.

COMPONENTS OF BUILDING EXTERIOR

1. walls
2. Doors
3. Windows
4. Roof Openings
5. Fire Escapes
6. Protective Alarm Systems
7. Protective and Emergency lightings
8. CCTV Cameras and other Electronic Security Systems/Energy Barriers

COMPONENTS OF INTERRIOR CONTROLS

1. ID Systems
2. Protective Alarm Systems
3. Protective Emergency Lighting's
4. Communication Systems
5. CCTV Cameras and other Electronic Security Systems/Energy Barriers
6. Restricted Areas (storage areas/utilities)
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7. Access Control
8. Key Control
9. Emergency Plans
10.Guards

Four (4) Basic functions that must be accomplished by the guard system

1. Detect intruders
2. Sound alarms
3. Apprehend unauthorized personnel
4. Identify authorized personnel

Personnel Control Identification

Two (2) Types of identification

1. Personal Recognition - strengthens the bond between the recognizer and

employee being recognized. An Aon Hewitt survey of millennials found that
they are most satisfied when recognized with thank you notes and verbal
thank you. Simply tailor your ideas for employee recognition to something
relevant. It is the most effective.

2. Artificial Identification - refers to tools and techniques that

leverage artificial intelligence (AI) to autonomously identify and/or respond to
potential cyber threats based on similar or previous activity.
Example: badges, ranks etc.

Minimum acceptable requirements for fence used security barriers

1. Height - 8 feet at a minimum.

2. Slack at the bottom - not to exceed 2 inches. If the fences are not tight then it
should extend even closer to the ground.

3. Wooden fence post - minimum horizontal dimension of 4X4 inches.

4. Steel fence post - the round type should at least be 2 inches at the smallest
diameter.

24
 5. Fence post - should be set in concrete or in firm soil using commercial drive
anchors to a depth of 3 feet and the maximum distance post is 10 feet.

6. Fence top (Top Guard) - there should be something on the top of the fence to
deter persons attempting to go over fence use of barb wire overhang. The arms
holding the barbwire should be extended at 45 degree angle in the direction of
the expected approach.

7. Fence area - it should be declared trees and vegetation and debris of other
materials which would offer concealment of the intruder or would aid him in
scaling the fence.

8. Fence Gates - gates should be limited to the no. necessary for efficient and sage
operation of the installation.

9. Fence Opening - all opening in the fence in excess of 96 inches must be locked
barbed or screen in such a way that they may be interlocked and opened from
the inside and only by selected personnel.

10. Multiple fence - is used should at least be 10 feet apart and the overhang on
the top of the inner fence should point inward.

System of Employment of Personnel Control Identification

1. Pass system - a method used by security to screen visitors or person admitted

into building premises.

2. Single pass or Badge system - the least expensive and the least secure.

3. Group pass and Badge system - one ID for one group.

4. Multiple pass system - separate pass is required for access to various areas in
need ex. color coding

5. Spot magnetized identification passes - a code may be placed in the device and
when passes through a machine, the code on the device is read, if it contains
wrong code or no code at all, it will alarm.
25
 6. Access list - it contains the names of authorized persons or personnel and is
checked against identification cards such as driver licenses, draft registration
etc.

Visitor control - the measures used would depend on the sensibility of the installation
but could include the following:

1. Escort - expensive but most secure

2. Time traveled - if there is a long delay or time lapse between the departure and
arrival, the visitor may be required to show cause for the delay.
3. Visitors logs - should contain identifying data, reasons of visit, time in and
hour etc.
4. Visitors entrances - separate access for visitors and separate for employees.

Utility and maintenance personnel - escort system could be used.If these people visit the
installations on a regular basis some of the systems previously could be used.

Package control - there should be provisions made to check packages being taken in and
taken out.

Photography - extreme caution must be exercised in areas where classified information is

displayed to preclude unauthorized taking of pictures of the installation.

Vehicular control and identification

* Most common identification is for registering at the headquarters or gates and

putting of sticker on the windows of the vehicles.
* For visitors, the following systems are used:

1. Escort - is a private security officer who is assigned to an individual or small

party to help ensure they travel safely to their destination. There are a wide
variety of scenarios when this might be needed, from students and employees
on campuses late at night to high-profile individuals.

2. Driver pool - the most secure but the most expensive. In this system, car is
driven by qualified driver employed by the installation from the entrance to its

26
 destination and after the conclusion of the business of the visitor. car is driven
back to the installations entrance.

3. Time travel - used in less sensitive installations

4. Grid system - a very complicated system. The installation is divided into grid
ad squares like a map. Each square is given a no. or letter designation. The
visitor is then given a map and shown the route to take to his destination and
should not deviate from the prescribed route, otherwise he could be stopped
and questioned by the guards.

5. Search of vehicles - sign should be put at the entrance to the installation that
any vehicle entering is subject to search anytime.

Kinds of Alarms

1. Intrusion alarm - any detecting devices using electric and their combinations
to signal an alarm when actuated.

2. Laser beam alarm - a laser emitter floods the wall or fence with a beam so that
when this beam is disturbed by a physical object, an alarm is activated

3. Photocell alarm - an invisible or visible beam is emitted and when disturbed,

it activates an alarm or mechanical device that opens a door or lift movable
barriers, activated by light.

Basic component of an alarm system

1. Annunciation - the heart of the system of the detecting device and is the
component that activates the triggering unit.
2. Transmission - it transmitted what is detected.
3. Triggering device - the one which emits those aural or visual signals or both.

Security Survey - The detailed check and audit of what an installation or plant does
not have in relation to its protection from hazards.

27
Security Inspection - a process where physical examination is conducted to determine
compliance with established security policies and procedures as a result of security
survey.

Purpose of security survey

1. To determine existing state or condition of security

2. To locate weaknesses and possible defense
3. To determine degree of protection required

Security hazards - an act or condition which result in a situation conductive to a

breach of the protection system and the subsequent loss or compromise of defense,
information, company secrets or damage to property, personnel or facilities

Hazards - exposure to loss or injury.

Two General Categories of Security Hazards

1. Human hazard - caused by human action. (Ex: sabotage, pilferage, theft)
2. Natural Hazard - caused by natural phenomena.

Types of Human Hazards

1. Human carelessness
2. Accident
3. Disaffection
4. Disloyalty
5. Subversion
6. Sabotage
7. Espionage
8. Pilferage
9. Theft
10.Vandalism

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Types of protective Lighting

1. Stationary luminary - consist of series of fixed luminaries to flood given area

continuously (Example: glare protection type)
2. Standby Lighting - provides continuous lighting through manual operations.
3. Movable Lighting - stationary or portable manually operated search lights.
4. Emergency Lighting - duplication of existing lighting system that is utilized in
the event of electric failure.

Types of Lighting Equipment

1. Street lights - used in parking areas

2. Search Lights - highly focused incandescent lamps used to pinpoint potential
trouble spot.
3. Flood Lights - project light in a concentrated beam used in boundaries and
fences.
4. Fresnel Lights - wide beam units primarily used to extend illumination in long
horizontal strips to protect approaches to perimeter barrier.

Protective Locks and Keys

1. Lock - a mechanical, hydraulic, electrical or electronic device designed to

prevent entry into a building, room, container or hiding place and to prevent
the removal of items without the consent of the owner.
2. Padlock - portable and detachable lock having or sliding hasp that passes
through a staple ring.
3. Peterman - A term used in England for lock picker, safe cracker and
penetrators of restricted areas or rooms.

29
Types of Locks

1. Lever locks - used in cabinets, drawers, safe deposit box.

2. Disc-Tumble Locks - used in car doors.

3. Warded Locks - offer little security, used only to provide privacy. A warded lock
is a type of lock that uses a set of obstructions, or wards, to prevent the lock
from opening unless the correct key is inserted. The correct key has notches or
slots corresponding to the obstructions in the lock, allowing it to rotate freely
inside the lock. (Wikipedia)

30
4. Combination Locks - is a type of locking device in which a sequence of symbols,
usually numbers, is used to open the lock. The sequence may be entered using
a single rotating dial which interacts with several discs or cams, by using a set
of several rotating discs with inscribed symbols which directly interact with
the locking mechanism, or through an electronic or mechanical keypad. Types
range from inexpensive three-digit luggage locks to high-security safes. Unlike
ordinary padlocks, combination locks do not use keys.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combination_lock)

5. Card Operated Locks - A keycard lock is a lock operated by a keycard, a flat,

rectangular plastic card with identical dimensions to that of a credit card or
American and EU driver's license. The card stores a physical or digital pattern
that the door mechanism accepts before disengaging the lock.

31
6. Electromagnetic Locks - An electromagnetic lock, magnetic lock, or maglock is
a locking device that consists of an electromagnet and an armature plate.
There are two main types of electric locking devices. Locking devices can be
either "fail safe" or "fail secure". A fail-secure locking device remains locked
when power is lost. (Wikipedia)

32
 7. Code operated Locks - It is easy operated and easy installed. This
PIN code electronic keypad door lock enrolled 10 PIN code users with 1-10
digit PIN codes and 2 master PIN.

Types of Keys

1. Master Key - a special key of opening a series locks.

2. Grand Master Key - a key that will open everything in a system
involving two or more master key groups.
3. Change Key - a key to a single lock within a master keyed system.
4. Sub Master Key - a key will open all lock with a particular area or
grouping in a given facility.

Types of Security Cabinets

1. Safe - or biological safety cabinet (BSC) is an enclosed and ventilated
laboratory workspace to provide safety when working with materials that are
contaminated by pathogens.

33
 2. Vault – It is a tool for securely accessing secrets. A secret is anything that you
want to tightly control access to, such as API keys, passwords, or certificates.
Vault provides a unified interface to any secret, while providing tight access
control and recording a detailed audit log.

3. File Room – It is a secure 'data-bank' for storing all your confidential files.
Your File Room comes with a built-in, high-speed, multi-file uploader to get data into
next point quickly and efficiently.

34
Protective Cabinets - considered as the third line of defense against unauthorized
persons.

Key Control - a system of controlling keys devised and regulated for disposal, storage
and withdrawals.

CLOSE IN SECURITY FORMATION

1. One Man Security - 360 degrees coverage.

2. Two Man Security - Each guard has 180 degrees coverage.
3. Three Man Security - has equal areas of coverage
4. Four Man Security
5. Five Man Security - modified diamond.
6. Six Man Security - (defensive circle) too much crowd requires arm lock
formation. (Note: Six Man Security is the most effective.)

DEFENSIVE IN DEPTH BARRIERS

1. Outer Ring - securing sidewalks, in front of quarters or offices, covering all
entrances, front, center, side and rear

2. Middle Ring - security covering inside quarters, office, residence, all stairways
and elevators.

3. Inner Ring - immediately outside the high risk personnel door or the one closest
to the VIP.

35
Factors to be considered in providing the kind and degree of security.
1. Relative Critically - the importance of the product or services that the company
is giving or producing.
2. Relative Vulnerability – how susceptible the establishment for the particular
sabotage, espionage, etc.

Factors to be considered in providing security for the establishment.

1. Size, shape and location
2. Number and character of people
3. Kind of product

Espionage - an act of gathering information. or spying is the act of obtaining secret

or confidential information or divulging of the same without the permission of the
holder of the information. A person who commits espionage is called an espionage
agent or spy. Spies help agencies uncover secret information. (Wikipedia)
Espion – French word- which means spy. This is used to estimate or determine the
best possible means of sabotage.
Spy – It is the agent of Espionage. They are very dangerous because of their skill in
deception and undercover works.

Methods used by the Agents of Espionage.

1. Stealing or buying information from the employees.
2. By using various form of threats or extorting information’s.
3. By means of blackmail.
4. Obtaining or gaining information from social gathering.
5. By the use of fake organization as a front.
6. Stealing records or documents.
7. By means of subversive activities.

Sabotage – It is an act of destroying, damaging or any evil motives that will lead to
stoppage of the normal operation of the company, factory, plant and or
establishment.
Sabot - French word that means Wooden Slipper.

36
Saboteur – is the agent of sabotage.

THREE (3) TYPES OF SABOTEUR

1. Enemy agent - The practice of spying or of using spies to obtain secret
information, especially regarding a government or business.

2. Traitorous person - is someone who betrays the trust another person has put
in him, and the adjective traitorous describes this tendency.
3. Irresponsible person - you're careless about the consequences of your actions.
You can't really rely on irresponsible people.

TYPES OF SABOTAGE
1. Mechanical Sabotage - is a deliberate action aimed at weakening a polity,
effort, or organization through subversion, obstruction, disruption, or
destruction of mechanical devices.
- is an act wherein they used the object or substance within the area of an establishment.
2. Psychological Sabotage – It is also known as Self Sabotage. The term self-
sabotage is used when this destructive behavior is directed at yourself. At first,
you may not even notice that you're doing it. But when negative habits
consistently undermine your efforts, they can be considered a form
of psychological self-harm.

Types of Mechanical Sabotage

1. Contamination – is a type where they used foreign materials to apply in the
establishment.
2. Breakage – destroying the vital parts of a machine.
3. Substitution – Substitution or changing of formula to another, which will cause
damage or destructions.
4. Omission – this is committed by means of a doing by an individual, which can
cause destruction inside of the company or establishment.
5. Abrasive – a special type of contamination, by using a type of material that
will grind metals.

Explosives – substances that are easily exploded by means of heat, friction, jarring or
sparks. They are highly dangerous because of its damaging effect.

37
Reasons Why Explosives becomes popular to the Saboteurs;
1. Because of devastating or damaging effect.
2. Because of the availability of delaying devices/detonator.
3. Evidence will disappear and very hard to find.

Types of Explosives: According to their sensitivity.

1. Low Intensity Explosives – It is very sensitive to heat. It can be exploded by
means of fire, friction or spark.
2. High Intensity Explosives – is detonated by means of shock, jarring or shake.
These are from liquid.

Different entries that are need to be controlled by the security guards.

a. Restricted area- is an area access to which is subject to special restriction to the
flow of pedestrian or vehicular traffic to safeguard property or material.
b. Limited area- a restricted area containing a security interest or other matter in
which uncontrolled movement will permit access to such security interest or matter;
but within which and controlled.
c. Exclusive area- a restricted area containing a security interest or matter, which is
of such nature or of such vital importance that access to the area of proximity
resulting from access to the area, constitutes access to the security interest or matter.
Clear zones- the exterior and interior parallel area near perimeter barriers of an
industrial compound to afford better observation and patrol movements.

Contents of Security planning:

1. The situation- this part of security planning explains the historical background
of the organization of its security picture
2. The mission- this part of security will cover what the plan is all about and what
it intends to do, This mission is further subdivided into:
* Purpose
* Goals
* Objectives

38
 3. Execution- this part of security plan will explains and outline the concept of
the security project
4. Administrative and Logistics- This part of the security plan involves listing of
security equipment
5. Command and signal- this last portion of the security plan pertains to the
channel of communication needed, when implementing to the project until in
full view.

SECURITY SURVEY
Security Survey - is the process of conducting an exhaustive physical examination
and thorough inspection of all operational systems and procedures of a facility.

PURPOSES OF SECURITY SURVEY

 To determine existing state of security
 To locate weaknesses in defenses
 To determine degree of protection required.
 To produce recommendations, establishing a total security program.

PERSON RESPONSIBLE TO CONDUCT SECURITY SURVEY

* Staff security personnel
* Qualified security specialist

TYPES OF GUARD FORCES

1. Company guard - proprietary or in house security, and they are directly under
the payroll of the company.
2. Agency guard - they are hired by an agency, and they are paid by contract
3. Government Guard Forces - they are considered as government employees and
paid by the government
4. Security Guard Forces - maybe define as a group of forces of men selected,
trained and organized into a functional group for the purpose of protecting
operational processes from those disruption which impede efficiency or halt
operations at a particular plant, facility, institution or special activity.

39
The Essential Qualities of Security Guards:
1. Alertness
2. Judgment
3. Confidence
4. Physical Fitness
5. Self-control

DEFINITION OF TERMS
 Key Control - refers to various methods for making sure that certain keys are
only used by authorized people. A system of key control includes strategies for
keeping track of which keys are carried by which people, as well as strategies
to prevent people from giving away copies of the keys to unauthorized users.

 SURVEY REPORTS – itemizes the condition which are conducive to breaches

of security, records the preventive measures currently in effect, and when
required. It makes specific practical and reasonable recommendations to bring
the physical security to the desired standard. It is also the management of keys
in a plant, office or business organization to prevent unauthorized access.

 Duty Detail Order - is a written order/schedule issued by a superior officer

usually the private security agency/branch manager or operations officer
assigning the performance of private security/detective services duties.

 Access List – an authenticated list of personnel given to security allowing entry

to a compound or installation or a part thereof.

 Alarm – a device that signals.

 Clear Zone – the exterior and interior parallel area near the perimeter barrier
of an industrial compound to afford better observation and patrol movement.

 Controlled Area – an area near or adjacent to limited or exclusive areas where

entry is restricted.
 Dry Run – practical test or exercise of a plan.

40
 Ducks – in England, an owner to protect his compound used and they are not
only effective but cheap to maintain.

 Duress Code – a type of code system so that security personnel when forced by
armed men intending to enter an installation can give alarm by the use of
certain words in casual conversation with other personnel in the installation.

 Exclusion Area – a restricted area containing materials of security interest.

 Main Office – all agencies shall maintain a main office in their registered
addresses.

 PADPAO – Philippine Association of Detective and Protective Agency Operator

 PCSUSIA/SAGSD – the government agency that issues licenses for private and
government security guard.

 Perimeter Barrier – the first line of physical defense of a building, compound,

or compels viewing from the outside.

 Peterman – a term used in England for lock pickers, safe crackers and
penetrators of restricted/prohibited areas.

 Private Detective – any person who does detective work for hire, reward or
commission other than members of the PNP, NBI, AFP, BJMP and other law
enforcement agency of the government.

 Private Detective – Qualifications – in addition to those prescribed for a

security guard.

1. Holder of a Baccalaureate degree or Bachelor of Laws

2. Holder of a degree of Bachelor of Science in Criminology
3. Graduate of a criminal investigation course offered by the PNP.NBI or any
police training school or detective training with authorized/recognized training
center.
4. Advance ROTC/CMT graduate

 Relative Criticality of Operation – the importance of an establishment with

reference to the national economy and security.
 Relative Vulnerability – the susceptibility of a plant or establishment to
damage, loss, or destruction of operation due to various hazards.
 Restricted Area – if access is limited only to the authorized.

41
  Safe – a metallic container used for the safekeeping of documents or other
small items in an office or installation.
 SAGSD – Security Agency in Guard Supervisory Division
 Security Guard – one who is a holder of a security guard license duly issued by
the PNP
 Security Service Contract – agreement/contract between the agency and client
stipulating among other things the money to be paid by the client and salary
of individual security guard.
 Security Survey – also known as security audit, risk assessment, and
vulnerability assessment.
 Top Guard – this is an additional outwardly inclined structure usually barbed
wires placed above a vertical fence to increase physical protection from
intruders of a certain area.
 Vault – a heavily constructed container usually part of a building structure
used for keeping and protecting cash and documents.
 Victimology – a special study concerned with what makes an individual a
victim of crime.
(https://criminologyboardexamreviewer.weebly.com/industrial-security-
management-definition-of-terms.html)

42
 CHAPTER 3
GUARD FORCE ADMINISTRATION

Private Security Guard Agency Philippines

OSI’s Security Guard Services ensures client assets are afforded a balance of
both proactive and reactive protection measures through security guard training
Philippines, as well as security agency audits Philippines.
Private Security Agency Philippines and over all security industry continues to
mature and make strides in the management of uniformed security guard services.
OSI supports the advancement of client uniformed security personnel through the
development of qualitative and quantifiable security procedures to address potential
business and location risks.

Guard Force Selection

For your contracted guard force, you will benefit from competent screening and
selection of qualified security agencies.
OSI will conduct an evaluation process using your company requirements and
criteria, in addition to our industry knowledge and experience. Evaluations include,
but are not limited to; guard force provider financial stability; program management;
billing procedures, and supplier quality controls. The selection process also includes
assuring provider compliance with both government regulations and client quality
service standards. OSI will additionally seek information obtained from references,
public resources or other parties for whom the supplier has previously provided
products or services.
Typically, OSI suggests a selection criteria which would include a multitude of
screening:

 Statement of qualifications and experience.

 Number of current & active contracts for services
 Proof of General Liability and Insurance and required Licenses.
 Proof the service provider adheres to the PADPAO (Philippine Association of
Detective and Protective Agency Operators) rules and regulations.
 Proposed Security Team & Management Structure for client site project.
 Reference contacts for current customers.
 A current copy of providers employee manual.

43
 A copy of employee grievance procedures.

Guard Force Auditing

Our Security Agency Audits Philippines entails on-site inspections to ensure
both client requirements and standard operating procedures are professionally
adhered to on an around-the-clock basis. This process also includes the security guard
training Philippines of any private security agency Philippines management to
ensure our contract security personnel are effectively managed and equipped to do
the job.

The main objective of an OSI Guard Force Audit is to determine the adequacy
and effectiveness of Client In-house or contract security personnel and guard force
management. Audit methodology includes a review and physical inspections of all
guard posts to confirm the adequacy of deployment and post specific security/safety
procedures and related equipment.
Surveys and interviews with key security personnel involved in the protection
efforts at all levels guards are performed. Primary areas of auditing include, but are
not limited to, Posts & Procedures, Education & Training, Equipment & Uniform, as
well as Personnel & Management.

Guard Force Management

In lieu of employing an on-site Security Project Manager, OSI can act in the
capacity as your external security department to develop, implement and manage
the security program on your behalf. A combination of on-site inspections and
satellite management will provide a balanced and efficient system to develop
security policy and procedures, liaison with law enforcement agencies, supervise
local guard forces, and coordinate with your on-site management on day-to-day
security issues.

Involved in the management of the day-to-day operations, OSI will demand

those standards of alertness, positive attitudes, courtesy, integrity, and exemplary
conduct, which will reflect credit upon individual security guards, and in turn how
the public perceives Client operations.

OSI’s Guard Force Service programs translate into real value for the clients,
allowing management to concentrate on their core business objective.

(https://www.osi.com.ph/uniformed-guard-services/)

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 CHAPTER 4
ETHIC AND CONDUCT IN SECURITY PROFESSION

The Importance of Code of Ethics

The code of ethics serves as a guide for your performance as a security guard to any
company you work for. It emphasizes your duty as a security guard that you swore to
oath to protect innocent lives from the criminals that dare to threaten the
establishment you’re assigned to. You’ll learn how important your job is as a security
guard because you have to be loyal to the establishment you’re assigned to, and also
to the government.

To Be the Best Employee

45
As we discussed earlier, this ethics will guide you for good evaluation, not just
protecting the people around the establishment, but also on how you work together
with other employees. You are expected to be a good role model in totality, as this will
reflect the company that you are working for.

Code of Ethics

To become a security guard, you must be familiarized with the Code of Ethics and
other requirements you need. Here is the Code of Ethics as enumerated in RA No.
5487 or known as, An Act To Regulate The Organization And Operation Of Private
Detective, Watchmen Or Security Guards Agencies:

1. As a security agent, his fundamental duty is to serve the interest or mission of

his agency in compliance with the contract entered into with the clients of the
agency he is supposed to serve.

2. He shall be honest in thoughts and deeds both in his personal and official
actuations, obeying the law of the land and the regulations prescribed by his
agency and those established by the company he is supposed to protect.

3. He shall not reveal any confidential matter that is confided to him as security
guard and such other matters imposed upon him by law.

4. He shall act at all times with decorum and shall not permit personal feelings,
prejudices and undue friendship to influence his actuation in the performance
of his official functions.

5. He shall not compromise with criminals and other lawless elements to the
prejudice of the customer or his client but assist the government in its
relentless drive against lawlessness and other forms of criminality.

46
 6. He must carry his assigned duties as security guard or watchman as required
by law to the best of his ability and safeguard life and property to the
establishment he is assigned.

7. He shall wear his uniform, badge, patches and insignia properly as a symbol
of public trust and confidence as an honest and trustworthy security guard,
watchman and private detective.

8. He must keep his allegiance first to the government, to the agency he is in, and
to the establishment he is assigned to serve with loyalty and dedicated service.

9. He shall diligently and progressively familiarize himself with the rules and
regulations laid down by his agency and that of the customer or clients.

10. He shall at all times be courteous, respectful and salute to his superior officers,
government officials and officials of the establishment where he is assigned
and the company he is supposed to serve.

11. He shall report to perform his duties always in proper uniform and neat in his
appearance.

12. He shall learn at heart or memorize and strictly observe the laws and
regulations governing the use of firearms.

In RA No. 5487, you can also learn about the Eleven General Orders and Code of
Conduct that implements the rules and regulations of being a security guard.
We hope this article has helped you understand the importance of being a security
guard, and the proper ethics for your job performance.
If you’re interested and looking for a security job, you can contact us today and we
will gladly accept your application.
(https://www.corinthiansgroup.com/the-code-of-ethics-of-being-a-security-guard-in-
the-philippines/)

47
 CHAPTER 5
R.A. 5487 (PRIBATE SECURITY AGENCY LAW)

REPUBLIC ACT No. 5487

AN ACT TO REGULATE THE ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF PRIVATE

DETECTIVE, WATCHMEN OR SECURITY GUARDS AGENCIES.
(Rep. Act No. 5487, as amended by Presidential Decree No. 11.)

Section 1. Short Title of Act. This Act shall be known as "The Private Security Agency
Law."

Section 2. Scope of this Act. The organization, operation, business and activities of
private detectives, watchmen or security guard agencies shall be governed by the
provisions of this Act.

Section 3. Definition of Terms. (a) Person. As used in this Act, person shall include
not only natural persons but also juridical persons such as corporation, partnership,
company or association duly registered with the Securities and Exchange
Commission and/or the Bureau of Commerce. (b) Private Detective Agency. A private
detective agency is any person, who, for hire or reward or on commission, conducts or
carries on or holds himself or itself out as conducting or carrying on a detective
agency, or detective service. (c) Private Detective. A private detective is any person
who is not a member of a regular police agency of the Armed Forces of the Philippines
who does detective work for hire, reward, or commission. (d) Watchman or Security
Guard, Watchman or Security Guard Agency. Any person who offers or renders
personal service to watch or secure either residential or business establishment, or
both, or any building, compound, or area including but not limited to logging
concessions, agricultural, mining or pasture lands for hire or compensation, or as an
employee thereof shall be known as watchman or security guard; and any person,
association, partnership, or corporation, who recruits, trains, muster, furnishes,
solicits individuals or business firms, private or government-owned or controlled
corporations to engage his service or those of its watchmen, shall be known as
Watchman of Security Guard Agency. (As amended by Pres. Decree No. 11, October
3, 1972.)

Section 4. Who May Organize a Security or Watchman Agency. Any Filipino citizen
or a corporation, partnership, or association, with a minimum capital of five thousand
pesos, one hundred per cent of which is owned and controlled by Filipino citizens may
organize a security or watchman agency: Provided, That no person shall organize or
have an interest in, more than one such agency except those which are already
existing at the promulgation of this Decree: Provided, further, That the operator or

48
manager of said agency must be at least 25 years of age, a college graduate and/or a
commissioned officer in the inactive service of the Armed Forces of the Philippines;
of good moral character; having no previous record of any conviction of any crime or
offense involving moral turpitude and not suffering from any of the following
disqualifications:

(1) Having been dishonorably discharged or separated from the Armed Forces
of the Philippines;

(2) Being a mental incompetent;

(3) Being addicted to the use of narcotic drug or drugs; and

(4) Being a habitual drunkard.1awphil.net

For purposes of this Act, elective or appointive government employees who may be
called upon on account of the functions of their respective offices in the
implementation and enforcement of the provisions of this Act and any person related
to such government employees by affinity or consanguinity in the third civil degree
shall not hold any interest, directly or indirectly in any security guard or watchman
agency. (As amended by Pres. Decree No. 11.)

Section 5. Qualifications Required. No person shall be employed as security guard or

watchman or private detective unless he is: (a) a Filipino citizen; (b) a high school
graduate; (c) physically and mentally fit; (d) not less than 21 nor more than 50 years
of age; (e) at least 5 feet and 4 inches in height; and (f) suffering none of the
disqualifications provided for in the preceding section: Provided, That foreigners who
are already employed as watchmen or security guards prior to the approval of this
Act shall not be subject to the above-mentioned requirements: Provided, further, That
veterans shall be given priority in employment as security guard, watchman or
private detective: And provided, finally, That person convicted of any crime involving
moral turpitude shall not be employed as security guard, watchman or private
detective.

Section 6. License Necessary. No person shall engage in the business of, or act either
as a private detective, or detective agency; and either engage in the occupation,
calling or employment of watchman or in the business of watchman's agency without
first having obtained the necessary permit from the Chief, Philippine Constabulary
which permit as approved is prerequisite in obtaining a license or license certificate:
Provided, That all existing private detective or watchman or security guard agencies
shall have a period of one (1) year from the approval of this Act to secure the said
license: Provided, further, That existing agencies, and any new agency which may
hereafter apply for a license, certify under oath that their private detectives,
watchmen or security guards, have received the appropriate training from either the
Philippine Constabulary, the National Bureau of Investigation, any local police
49
department, or any other public institution duly recognized by the government to
conduct police training.

Section 7. Application for License. The application shall be made in writing and shall
be filed with the Chief, Philippine Constabulary. It shall contain the full name of the
applicant, his age, civil status, his residence, and location of business. If the applicant
is a corporation, association or partnership, a copy of the certificate of registration
with the Securities and Exchange Commission together with its by-laws and articles
of incorporation, with the Bureau of Commerce.

Section 8. Fees to be Paid and Bonds. When all requisites for the issuance of the
license have been complied with, the Chief of the Philippine Constabulary or his duly
authorized representative shall issue a permit for the issuance of such license and
register the same in his office, upon payment by the applicant of the fee in accordance
with the following schedule:

(a) the sum of one hundred pesos per annum as national license;

(b) the sum of fifty pesos per annum as municipal license fee in any city where
it may operate, the said fee to be payable to the city treasurer concerned;

(c) the sum of twenty-five pesos per annum as municipal license fee for any
municipality where it may operate, the said fee to be payable to the municipal
treasurer concerned;

(d) the private Detective and Watchman Agency shall in addition to the above
pay a fixed Internal Revenue Tax of one hundred pesos per annum in lieu of
percentage taxes;

(e) the individual private detective and/or watchman shall pay for Mayor's
Permit, Health and/or Sanitary fee an amount not exceeding three pesos per
annum and the agency shall pay the sum not exceeding ten pesos for the
Mayor's Permit and Health and/or Sanitary fees; and

(f) the Chief of the Philippine Constabulary or his duly authorized

representative shall issue an appointment over his signature and affix the seal
of his office, to each license and for each such appointment, the sum of one peso
shall be paid.1awphil.net

The application shall further be accompanied by a bond issued by any competent or

reputable surety or fidelity or insurance company duly accredited by the office of the
Insurance Commissioner in the sum of not less than five thousand pesos nor more
than ten thousand pesos in the discretion of the Chief, Philippine Constabulary,
which bond shall answer for any valid and legal claim against the agency by its clients
or employees: Provided, That licenses issued in the province of an authorized

50
representative of the Chief of Constabulary is subject to review by the Chief of
Constabulary.

Any provision of this or other law to the contrary notwithstanding, the Chief of
Constabulary may, at any time suspend or cancel the licenses of private watchman
or security guard agency found violating any of the provisions of this Act or of the
rules and regulations promulgated by the Chief of Constabulary pursuant thereto.
(This paragraph was inserted by Sec. 3, Pres. Decree No. 11.)

Other provisions of Pres. Decree No. 11

Any person who commit any act in violation of Republic Act No. 5487 and of this
Decree, and the implementing rules and regulations already promulgated which are
not in conflict herewith, and those to be promulgated by the Chief of Constabulary
pursuant hereto, shall, on conviction thereof, suffer imprisonment of from ten to
fifteen years and a fine of not less than ten thousand pesos nor more than fifteen
thousand pesos as a military court/tribunal or commission may direct.

The Chief of Constabulary shall promulgate the necessary rules and regulations to
carry out the provisions of this Decree.

Section 9. Employees Need Not be Licensed. Every person operating, managing,

directing or conducting a licensed private detective or watchmen agency shall also be
considered licensed private detective, or watchman and no person shall be employed
or used in a private detective work unless he be a licensed private detective or
watchman: Provided, That nothing in this section shall be construed as requiring
detective license for persons employed solely for clerical or manual work.

Section 10. Display of License. The license shall be displayed at all times in a
conspicuous and suitable place in the agency office or headquarters of the agency and
shall be exhibited at the request of any person whose jurisdiction is in relation with
the business of the agency or the employees thereof, or of the Chief of the Philippine
Constabulary or his duly authorized representative or any peace officer.

Section 11. Supervision of the Philippine Constabulary. Upon approval of this Act,
the Philippine Constabulary shall exercise general supervision over the operation of
all private detective and watchman or security guard agencies.

Section 12. Powers of City or Municipal Mayors in Cases of Emergency. In case of

emergency or in times of disaster or calamities where the services of such agencies
arise, the City or Municipal Mayor, as director of Civil Defense, may muster or
incorporate the services of the agency nearest the area where such emergency,
disaster or calamity arises and its duly licensed personnel to help maintain peace and
order; and/or the prevention or apprehension of law violators and in the preservation
of life and property. Deputized private detectives, watchmen or security guards shall

51
take direct orders from the Chief of Police for the duration of the fire, inundation,
earthquakes, riots or other emergencies.

Section 13. Issuance of Firearms. A watchman or security agency shall be entitled to

posses firearms after having satisfactorily passed the requirements prescribed by the
Chief, Philippine Constabulary pertinent to the possession of firearm of any caliber
not higher than 45 caliber in a number not exceeding one firearm for every two
watchmen or security guards in its employ: Provided, however, That a watchman or
security agent shall be entitled to possess not more than one riot gun or shotgun in
order to provide adequate security when circumstances so demand: Provided, further,
That all the firearms mentioned herein shall be carried by the watchman or security
guard only during his tour of duty in proper uniform within the compound of the
establishment except when he escorts big amounts of cash or valuables in and out of
said compound.

Section 14. Uniform. The uniform of watchman or security guard as well as those
organized, maintained or under the employment of the government or any
government-owned and/or controlled corporations, agencies or entities, shall be
different from the uniform worn and prescribed for members of the Armed Forces of
the Philippines, City and Municipal Police Force. The Chief, Philippine Constabulary,
through his duly authorized representative shall prescribed the uniform or
ornaments, equipment and paraphernalia to be worn by the security guards and
watchmen throughout the Philippines.

Section 15. Compensation of Watchmen or Security Guards. Watchmen or security

guards shall receive a salary not lower than that prescribed in the Minimum Wage
Law.

Section 16. Limitations and Prohibitions. 1. On Membership: (a) No agency operating

in the City of Manila and suburbs may employ more than 1,000 watchmen or security
guards; (b) no agency operating in other cities and first class municipalities may
employ more than 500 watchmen or security guards; (c) no agency operating in
municipalities other than first class may employ more than 200 watchmen or security
guards.

2. On Organization: No person, corporation, partnership or association may

organize more than one agency in any one city or municipality.

3. On Service: No agency shall offer, render or accept its services to gambling

dens or other illegal enterprises. The extent of the security service being
provided by any security agency shall not go beyond the whole compound or
property of the person or establishment requesting the security service except
when they escort big amount of cash.

52
Section 17. Rules and Regulations by Chief, Philippine Constabulary. The Chief of
the Philippine Constabulary, in consultation with the Philippine Association of
Detective and Protective Agency Operators, Incorporated and subject to the
provisions of existing laws, is hereby authorized to issue the rules and regulations
necessary to carry out the purpose of this Act.

Section 18. Penal Provisions. Any violation of this Act or the rule or regulation issued
hereunder shall be punished by suspension, or fine not exceeding P200.00 or
cancellation of his or its licenses to operate, conduct, direct or manage a private
detective, watchman or security guard agency and all its members in the discretion
of the court together with the forfeiture of its bond filed with the Philippine
Constabulary.

If the violation is committed by those persons mentioned under paragraph two,

section four of this Act the penalty shall be imprisonment ranging from one to four
years and fine ranging from one to four thousand pesos in the discretion of the court.

Section 19. Repealing Clause. All laws, rules, resolutions, municipal ordinances,
regulations and administrative orders contrary or inconsistent with the provisions
hereof are hereby repealed.

Section 20. Effectivity. This Act shall take effect upon its approval.

Approved, June 21, 1969.

(https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1969/ra_5487_1969.html)

53
 CHAPTER 6
LEGAL ASPECT OF SECURITY

Private security legal aspects includes civil law

 Private security is based on civil law. This is the most important
component of the foundation of private security.
 This is based on the fact that over 95% of private security operations
consists of hands-off security. No weapons, no fighting, and when things
get tough the police take over.
 Private security is used to establish and maintain a stable, relatively
predictable, environment.
 Our security personnel are to use pro-active prevention rather than uses
of force unless physically attacked.
 We are goodwill ambassadors for the clients we serve.
 When necessary, security officers will answer the call to respond to
hostilities and other emergencies.
 Responding officers will be trained in verbal de-escalation, never
responding alone, and the fastest way to receive back up from company
employees, a police response, fire department response, or medical and
ambulance response.

Eliminating “liability generators”

 The quickest way to get sued for the acts or failures to act by a security
officer is by a “cop want-a-be” security officer playing police officer on
the job at your client’s facility.
 Liability generators can only be eliminated at the time of hiring and
during training. Beyond that point it may be too late and termination
may be your only recourse.
 Thus, human resources must coordinate hiring efforts with the security
department regarding hiring security officers.

54
Legal aspects includes criminal law
 It is always a good practice to train security officers on those parts of
criminal law that effects the work of the officer.
 The security officers must realize that they are not police officers and
impersonating a police officer is a crime they can be prosecuted for.
 Arrest laws regarding citizen’s arrest must be taught because a bad bust
for security officers may be charged out as two felonies; false arrest and
false imprisonment.
 Trespassing laws should be taught because that is one law security
officers will be asked to enforce.
 Proper ways to make a “Citizen’s Arrest” must be taught to security
officers working in retail establishments.
 Be sure to include when teaching security officers the law that they are
not lawyers and they should never give legal advice to anyone.
 The police will be given a pass when they tell someone what laws they
are enforcing but security officers do not enforce laws, they enforce rules.
 Rule #1 must be the visitor shall not over stay their welcome and rule
#2 must be the visitor shall not steal anything from your company.
 The security officers must call the police for appropriate reasons only.
Discarding a cigarette in the parking lot or other littering charges do not
qualify as an appropriate police call. Never waste the police officers
time.

Legal aspects include administrative law

 There are two kinds of security forces, contract security and
proprietary security.
 Contract security is usually governed by state laws and rules prepared
and enforced by a board that oversees the contract security activities in
that specific state.
 In most states, proprietary security forces are exempt from board
oversight and exempt from most security related laws.

55
  When a law states that this law will be administered by rule, that
means that a board already in business or a new board will take over
the administration of the new law.
 This is what is meant by “growing government.” This also means that
the government in that location will have a piece of the action of the
contract business.
 In some jurisdictions licensing will be administered and fees collected
by the board.
 The board will investigate claims against the contract companies and
fines will be collected by the board.
 The board will investigate and enforce the laws and rules involving all
the activities of the contract security companies.
 Every state and province will conduct security officer business
differently.
 In the United States some states have no licensing of security officers.
 In other states every security officer must take a test and be licensed
individually.
 In most states, a contract company representative will be licensed and
all the security officers are merely employees of the license holder.
 In some states every security officer must be licensed, even the
proprietary in-house security officers.
 No security officer training program would be complete without
including a section on the specific laws of the state that govern security
officer activities.
Civil law, criminal law, administrative law: These three branches of law form the
foundation of all private security activities.
Follow your policies, procedures and training and these three branches of law will
pave the way to a successful career as a security professional.

(http://www.ifpo.org/wp-content/uploads/SSMP-PPT/Chapter_002.ppt -
:~:text=Legal%20aspects%20include%20administrative%20law,activities%20in%20t
hat%20specific%20state.)

56
 CHAPTER 7
RA 5487
(PRIVATE SECURITY AGWENCY LAW)

AN ACT TO REGULATE THE ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF PRIVATE

DETECTIVE, WATCHMEN OR SECURITY GUARDS AGENCIES.
(Rep. Act No. 5487, as amended by Presidential Decree No. 11.)

Section 1. Short Title of Act. This Act shall be known as "The Private Security Agency
Law."

Section 2. Scope of this Act. The organization, operation, business and activities of
private detectives, watchmen or security guard agencies shall be governed by the
provisions of this Act.

Section 3. Definition of Terms. (a) Person. As used in this Act, person shall include
not only natural persons but also juridical persons such as corporation, partnership,
company or association duly registered with the Securities and Exchange
Commission and/or the Bureau of Commerce. (b) Private Detective Agency. A private
detective agency is any person, who, for hire or reward or on commission, conducts or
carries on or holds himself or itself out as conducting or carrying on a detective
agency, or detective service. (c) Private Detective. A private detective is any person
who is not a member of a regular police agency of the Armed Forces of the Philippines
who does detective work for hire, reward, or commission. (d) Watchman or Security
Guard, Watchman or Security Guard Agency. Any person who offers or renders
personal service to watch or secure either residential or business establishment, or
both, or any building, compound, or area including but not limited to logging
concessions, agricultural, mining or pasture lands for hire or compensation, or as an
employee thereof shall be known as watchman or security guard; and any person,
association, partnership, or corporation, who recruits, trains, muster, furnishes,
solicits individuals or business firms, private or government-owned or controlled
corporations to engage his service or those of its watchmen, shall be known as
Watchman of Security Guard Agency. (As amended by Pres. Decree No. 11, October
3, 1972.)

Section 4. Who May Organize a Security or Watchman Agency. Any Filipino citizen
or a corporation, partnership, or association, with a minimum capital of five thousand

57
pesos, one hundred per cent of which is owned and controlled by Filipino citizens may
organize a security or watchman agency: Provided, That no person shall organize or
have an interest in, more than one such agency except those which are already
existing at the promulgation of this Decree: Provided, further, That the operator or
manager of said agency must be at least 25 years of age, a college graduate and/or a
commissioned officer in the inactive service of the Armed Forces of the Philippines;
of good moral character; having no previous record of any conviction of any crime or
offense involving moral turpitude and not suffering from any of the following
disqualifications:

(1) Having been dishonorably discharged or separated from the Armed Forces
of the Philippines;

(2) Being a mental incompetent;

(3) Being addicted to the use of narcotic drug or drugs; and

(4) Being a habitual drunkard.1awphil.net

For purposes of this Act, elective or appointive government employees who may be
called upon on account of the functions of their respective offices in the
implementation and enforcement of the provisions of this Act and any person related
to such government employees by affinity or consanguinity in the third civil degree
shall not hold any interest, directly or indirectly in any security guard or watchman
agency. (As amended by Pres. Decree No. 11.)

Section 5. Qualifications Required. No person shall be employed as security guard or

watchman or private detective unless he is: (a) a Filipino citizen; (b) a high school
graduate; (c) physically and mentally fit; (d) not less than 21 nor more than 50 years
of age; (e) at least 5 feet and 4 inches in height; and (f) suffering none of the
disqualifications provided for in the preceding section: Provided, That foreigners who
are already employed as watchmen or security guards prior to the approval of this
Act shall not be subject to the above-mentioned requirements: Provided, further, That
veterans shall be given priority in employment as security guard, watchman or
private detective: And provided, finally, That person convicted of any crime involving
moral turpitude shall not be employed as security guard, watchman or private
detective.

Section 6. License Necessary. No person shall engage in the business of, or act either
as a private detective, or detective agency; and either engage in the occupation,

58
calling or employment of watchman or in the business of watchman's agency without
first having obtained the necessary permit from the Chief, Philippine Constabulary
which permit as approved is prerequisite in obtaining a license or license certificate:
Provided, That all existing private detective or watchman or security guard agencies
shall have a period of one (1) year from the approval of this Act to secure the said
license: Provided, further, That existing agencies, and any new agency which may
hereafter apply for a license, certify under oath that their private detectives,
watchmen or security guards, have received the appropriate training from either the
Philippine Constabulary, the National Bureau of Investigation, any local police
department, or any other public institution duly recognized by the government to
conduct police training.

Section 7. Application for License. The application shall be made in writing and shall
be filed with the Chief, Philippine Constabulary. It shall contain the full name of the
applicant, his age, civil status, his residence, and location of business. If the applicant
is a corporation, association or partnership, a copy of the certificate of registration
with the Securities and Exchange Commission together with its by-laws and articles
of incorporation, with the Bureau of Commerce.

Section 8. Fees to be Paid and Bonds. When all requisites for the issuance of the
license have been complied with, the Chief of the Philippine Constabulary or his duly
authorized representative shall issue a permit for the issuance of such license and
register the same in his office, upon payment by the applicant of the fee in accordance
with the following schedule:

(a) the sum of one hundred pesos per annum as national license;

(b) the sum of fifty pesos per annum as municipal license fee in any city where
it may operate, the said fee to be payable to the city treasurer concerned;

(c) the sum of twenty-five pesos per annum as municipal license fee for any
municipality where it may operate, the said fee to be payable to the municipal
treasurer concerned;

(d) the private Detective and Watchman Agency shall in addition to the above
pay a fixed Internal Revenue Tax of one hundred pesos per annum in lieu of
percentage taxes;

(e) the individual private detective and/or watchman shall pay for Mayor's
Permit, Health and/or Sanitary fee an amount not exceeding three pesos per

59
 annum and the agency shall pay the sum not exceeding ten pesos for the
Mayor's Permit and Health and/or Sanitary fees; and

(f) the Chief of the Philippine Constabulary or his duly authorized

representative shall issue an appointment over his signature and affix the seal
of his office, to each license and for each such appointment, the sum of one peso
shall be paid.1awphil.net

The application shall further be accompanied by a bond issued by any competent or

reputable surety or fidelity or insurance company duly accredited by the office of the
Insurance Commissioner in the sum of not less than five thousand pesos nor more
than ten thousand pesos in the discretion of the Chief, Philippine Constabulary,
which bond shall answer for any valid and legal claim against the agency by its clients
or employees: Provided, That licenses issued in the province of an authorized
representative of the Chief of Constabulary is subject to review by the Chief of
Constabulary.

Any provision of this or other law to the contrary notwithstanding, the Chief of
Constabulary may, at any time suspend or cancel the licenses of private watchman
or security guard agency found violating any of the provisions of this Act or of the
rules and regulations promulgated by the Chief of Constabulary pursuant thereto.
(This paragraph was inserted by Sec. 3, Pres. Decree No. 11.)

Other provisions of Pres. Decree No. 11

Any person who commit any act in violation of Republic Act No. 5487 and of this
Decree, and the implementing rules and regulations already promulgated which are
not in conflict herewith, and those to be promulgated by the Chief of Constabulary
pursuant hereto, shall, on conviction thereof, suffer imprisonment of from ten to
fifteen years and a fine of not less than ten thousand pesos nor more than fifteen
thousand pesos as a military court/tribunal or commission may direct.

The Chief of Constabulary shall promulgate the necessary rules and regulations to
carry out the provisions of this Decree.

Section 9. Employees Need Not be Licensed. Every person operating, managing,

directing or conducting a licensed private detective or watchmen agency shall also be
considered licensed private detective, or watchman and no person shall be employed
or used in a private detective work unless he be a licensed private detective or

60
watchman: Provided, That nothing in this section shall be construed as requiring
detective license for persons employed solely for clerical or manual work.

Section 10. Display of License. The license shall be displayed at all times in a
conspicuous and suitable place in the agency office or headquarters of the agency and
shall be exhibited at the request of any person whose jurisdiction is in relation with
the business of the agency or the employees thereof, or of the Chief of the Philippine
Constabulary or his duly authorized representative or any peace officer.

Section 11. Supervision of the Philippine Constabulary. Upon approval of this Act,
the Philippine Constabulary shall exercise general supervision over the operation of
all private detective and watchman or security guard agencies.

Section 12. Powers of City or Municipal Mayors in Cases of Emergency. In case of

emergency or in times of disaster or calamities where the services of such agencies
arise, the City or Municipal Mayor, as director of Civil Defense, may muster or
incorporate the services of the agency nearest the area where such emergency,
disaster or calamity arises and its duly licensed personnel to help maintain peace and
order; and/or the prevention or apprehension of law violators and in the preservation
of life and property. Deputized private detectives, watchmen or security guards shall
take direct orders from the Chief of Police for the duration of the fire, inundation,
earthquakes, riots or other emergencies.

Section 13. Issuance of Firearms. A watchman or security agency shall be entitled to

possess firearms after having satisfactorily passed the requirements prescribed by
the Chief, Philippine Constabulary pertinent to the possession of firearm of any
caliber not higher than 45 caliber in a number not exceeding one firearm for every
two watchmen or security guards in its employ: Provided, however, That a watchman
or security agent shall be entitled to possess not more than one riot gun or shotgun
in order to provide adequate security when circumstances so demand: Provided,
further, That all the firearms mentioned herein shall be carried by the watchman or
security guard only during his tour of duty in proper uniform within the compound of
the establishment except when he escorts big amounts of cash or valuables in and out
of said compound.

Section 14. Uniform. The uniform of watchman or security guard as well as those
organized, maintained or under the employment of the government or any
government-owned and/or controlled corporations, agencies or entities, shall be
different from the uniform worn and prescribed for members of the Armed Forces of

61
the Philippines, City and Municipal Police Force. The Chief, Philippine Constabulary,
through his duly authorized representative shall prescribed the uniform or
ornaments, equipment and paraphernalia to be worn by the security guards and
watchmen throughout the Philippines.

Section 15. Compensation of Watchmen or Security Guards. Watchmen or security

guards shall receive a salary not lower than that prescribed in the Minimum Wage
Law.

Section 16. Limitations and Prohibitions. 1. On Membership: (a) No agency operating

in the City of Manila and suburbs may employ more than 1,000 watchmen or security
guards; (b) no agency operating in other cities and first class municipalities may
employ more than 500 watchmen or security guards; (c) no agency operating in
municipalities other than first class may employ more than 200 watchmen or security
guards.

2. On Organization: No person, corporation, partnership or association may

organize more than one agency in any one city or municipality.

3. On Service: No agency shall offer, render or accept its services to gambling

dens or other illegal enterprises. The extent of the security service being
provided by any security agency shall not go beyond the whole compound or
property of the person or establishment requesting the security service except
when they escort big amount of cash.

Section 17. Rules and Regulations by Chief, Philippine Constabulary. The Chief of
the Philippine Constabulary, in consultation with the Philippine Association of
Detective and Protective Agency Operators, Incorporated and subject to the
provisions of existing laws, is hereby authorized to issue the rules and regulations
necessary to carry out the purpose of this Act.

Section 18. Penal Provisions. Any violation of this Act or the rule or regulation issued
hereunder shall be punished by suspension, or fine not exceeding P200.00 or
cancellation of his or its licenses to operate, conduct, direct or manage a private
detective, watchman or security guard agency and all its members in the discretion
of the court together with the forfeiture of its bond filed with the Philippine
Constabulary.

62
If the violation is committed by those persons mentioned under paragraph two,
section four of this Act the penalty shall be imprisonment ranging from one to four
years and fine ranging from one to four thousand pesos in the discretion of the court.

Section 19. Repealing Clause. All laws, rules, resolutions, municipal ordinances,
regulations and administrative orders contrary or inconsistent with the provisions
hereof are hereby repealed.

Section 20. Effectivity. This Act shall take effect upon its approval.

Approved, June 21, 1969.

(https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1969/ra_5487_1969.html)

11 GENERAL ORDERS

1. To take charge of the post and all company properties in view and protect/preserve
the same with utmost diligence.
2. To walk in an alert manner during my tour of duty and observe everything within
sight or hearing.
3. To report all violations of regulations or orders I am instructed to enforce.
4. To relay all calls from post more distant from the guard house where I am
stationed.
5. To quit my post only when properly relieved.
6. To receive, obey and pass to the relieving guard all orders from the company
officials, officers in the agency, supervisor, post in charge or shift leaders.
7. To talk to no one except in the line of duty.
8. To sound or call the alarm in case of fire or disorder
9. To call the superior officer in any case not covered by instructions.
10. To salute all company officials, officers in the agency, ranking public officials and
officers of the AFP and PNP.
11. To be especially watchful at night, and during the time of challenging, to challenge
all persons on or near my post, and to allow no one to pass without proper authority.

63
THE UNIFORM
An officer might wear a uniform with a hat, jacket, badge or patch “Security”
or “Security Officer” to alert the public of his position. He also might wear a suit or
casual attire to blend in with a crowd during surveillance.

(https://www.facebook.com/179672582114146/posts/11-general-orders1-to-take-
charge-of-the-post-and-all-company-properties-in-view/239638896096493/)

64
 CHAPTER 8

Download - PNP CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION MANUAL (REVISED) 2011.

http://www.pnp.gov.ph/images/Manuals_and_Guides/DIDM/Criminal-
Investigation-Manual.pdf

Download - RA 9262 (WOMEN AND CHILDREN’S RIGHTS)

https://cfo.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/GAD/RA_9262_-_ANTI-
VIOLENCE_AGAINST_WOMEN_AND_THEIR_CHILDREN_ACT_OF_2004.pdf

Download - RA 9165 (COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT)

http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/phi174225.pdf

65
 REFERRENCES
INTERNET SOURCE:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Philippines)

https://www.vectorsecurity.com/blog/what-are-the-different-types-of-home-alarm-systems

https://criminologyboardexamreviewer.weebly.com/industrial-security-
management-definition-of-terms.html
https://www.osi.com.ph/uniformed-guard-services/
https://www.corinthiansgroup.com/the-code-of-ethics-of-being-a-security-
guard-in-the-philippines/
https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1969/ra_5487_1969.html
http://www.ifpo.org/wp-content/uploads/SSMP-PPT/Chapter_002.ppt -
:~:text=Legal%20aspects%20include%20administrative%20law,activities%20i
n%20that%20specific%20state.
https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1969/ra_5487_1969.html
https://www.facebook.com/179672582114146/posts/11-general-orders1-to-
take-charge-of-the-post-and-all-company-properties-in-
view/239638896096493/

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