Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

Pablo Borbon Main I, Batangas City, Philippines 4200
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
Tel. No. (043) 980-0385 local 1128

Name: Bacay, Mary Ann M. Section: BSED SSTU -2201

Ed 106- Foundation of Special and Inclusive Education
Research Review

Find a research study related to any developmental disability and answer the following questions
in 5-8 sentences. Please avoid autobiographies of people with disabilities.

1. Briefly summarize the research study you have chosen. Include facts, scope, and results given.
 Intellectual impairment (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental
disorders that impair adaptive and intellectual functions and harm everyday life (Matson et al., 2008;
Totsika et al., 2010). Though ASD and ID develop as a child grows older, certain impairments persist
throughout life. Heredity plays a role in both ASD and ID, with males accounting for a higher percentage
than females. The majority of ASD study studies have used data from infant populations to calculate
prevalence rates. The prevalence of ASD in children has been steadily increasing, with an estimated 5%
of child subjects in studies performed from the mid-1990s onwards having ASD (Baird et al., 2006).
After reviewing the exercise routine undertaken by adults with intellectual disability (ID) or autism
spectrum disorder (ASD), the study aimed to include an exercise program for each type of disability.
Twenty-nine male adults, ranging in age from 19 to 28, volunteered to participate in this report, with an
average BMI of 23.98 or 4.02 kg/m2. The participants were split into two groups: the ASD group
(ASDG; n= 15) and the ID group (IDG; n= 14). Previous research has used the same measures to assess
gross motor function (GMF), locomotion, and object control abilities, as well as health fitness (body
composition, flexibility, strength, muscle endurance, and cardiopulmonary endurance). There were no
significant differences in GMF or health fitness between ASDG and IDG. This research suggests that
exercise programs could have similar results, even though the symptoms of other disorders are similar.

2. What is the developmental disability identified in the study? What are the characteristics of this
disability? What are the interventions mentioned in the study?
Intellectual disability (or ID) is a term used to describe when a person's cognitive functioning and
abilities, such as communication, social, and self-care skills, are impaired. These limitations can cause a
child to grow and learn at a slower pace or in a different way than a normal child. Intellectual deficiency
may occur at any age before a child reaches the age of eighteen, even before birth. It was considered the
most common developmental disability.
A person has an intellectual disability if he or she meets three requirements, according to the American
Association of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities:
 IQ is between 70 and 75.
 Two or more adaptive areas have major limitations (skills that are needed to live, work, and play
in the community, such as communication or self-care)
 Before the age of 18, the disease shows itself.
According to healthychildren.org, The characteristics of intellectual disability are:
 Sit up, crawl, or walk later than other children.
 Learn to talk later or have trouble speaking.
 Have trouble understanding social rules.
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Pablo Borbon Main I, Batangas City, Philippines 4200
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
Tel. No. (043) 980-0385 local 1128
 Have trouble seeing the consequences of their actions.
 Have trouble solving problems.
 Have trouble thinking logically.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that can lead to severe emotional,
communication, and behavioral difficulties. Although there is sometimes nothing about people with ASD
that distinguishes them from others in terms of appearance, they can speak, connect, behave, and learn in
ways that are unique to them. People with ASD have a wide variety of understanding, reasoning, and
problem-solving skills, ranging from gifted to seriously disabled. Some people with ASD need a great deal
of assistance in their everyday lives, while others need less.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention stated that many people with ASD also have different
ways of learning, paying attention, or reacting to things. Signs of ASD begin during early childhood and
typically last throughout a person’s life.
Children or adults with ASD might:

 not point at objects to show interest (for example, not point at an airplane flying over)
 not look at objects when another person points at them
 have trouble relating to others or not have an interest in other people at all.
 avoid eye contact and want to be alone.
 have trouble understanding other people’s feelings or talking about their feelings.
 prefer not to be held or cuddled or might cuddle only when they want to.

The interventions mentioned in the study were the differences in GMF and health fitness among
adults with ID or ASD who participated in the same exercise program for a year. According to the
findings, there were no major variations in GMF and health fitness between ASDG and IDG. To put it
another way, a year of exercise did not result in a change in different impairment forms. With the result,
the researchers try to formulate Fitness exercises to manipulate the severity of the chosen disability in
the study, but they failed to gain the desired result that they want to help those people who have a
developmental disability.

3. What have you learned about the research study you have chosen?

Adults with mental retardation have lower adaptive, cognitive, and social abilities, according to
several studies. Physical skills are also reduced in people with intellectual disabilities relative to those who
do not. Furthermore, stereotypes and challenging behavior such as depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia
are often associated with them. All these issues can pose a risk to patients, their families, and even society.
Individuals with learning disabilities. In other words, the disabled are not subjected to any physical health
tests and are only supplied with workout services. There are several findings that people with disabilities
who are physically fit or enjoy sports have enhanced psychological health and sociality, according to several
previous studies. Though the study per se tries to formulate a physical exercise that could help those people
who suffer a developmental disability. However, as previously mentioned, if the software was delivered
after the physical test, the results could be better. In other words, a physical activity or exercise program
given to adults with mental retardation has been confirmed to improve the psychological as well as physical
health of people with disabilities and to play a role in so doing by several researchers.
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Pablo Borbon Main I, Batangas City, Philippines 4200
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
Tel. No. (043) 980-0385 local 1128