Doc.

Title : PIPING DESIGN PREMISE

Doc. No. : PGCA-PI-BOD-1-002

Rev. No. : C2

REVISION CHANGE HISTORY

All major changes to the document at this current revision are recorded below.
(Does not include correction of typos or formatting changes)

Revision: Date: Originator: Description of Change:

Section 1: Introduction changed due to

C2 4.12.2018 MUS
evacuation route

HOLD LIST

Hold No. Description Status

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Doc. No. : PGCA-PI-BOD-1-002

Rev. No. : C2

CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 5
1.1 Project Background ........................................................................................ 5
1.2 Facility Description ......................................................................................... 5
1.3 Purpose and Scope of Document ................................................................... 6
1.4 Reference ...................................................................................................... 6
1.4.1 Order of Precedence ..................................................................................................... 6
1.4.2 Company Standards and Project Specifications ........................................................... 7
1.4.3 Referenced Codes and Standards ................................................................................ 8
2 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS......................................................... 14
2.1 Definitions .................................................................................................... 14
2.2 Abbreviations ............................................................................................... 14
2.3 Units of Measurement .................................................................................. 16
3 GENERAL REQUIREMENT ......................................................................... 17
3.1 Environmental .............................................................................................. 17
3.2 Design life .................................................................................................... 17
4 FACILITY LAYOUT REQUIREMENT ........................................................... 18
4.1 General ........................................................................................................ 18
4.2 Equipment Layout ........................................................................................ 19
4.3 Operability and Maintainability ...................................................................... 20
4.4 Accessibility and Clearance.......................................................................... 20
4.5 Pollution Prevention ..................................................................................... 21
5 PIPING DESIGN .......................................................................................... 22
5.1 General ........................................................................................................ 22
5.2 Piping Layout ............................................................................................... 22
5.3 Non-Metallic Piping ...................................................................................... 25
5.4 Piping Clearance .......................................................................................... 25
5.5 Pipeways and Racks .................................................................................... 28
5.6 Branches ...................................................................................................... 28
5.7 Valving ......................................................................................................... 29
5.8 Blanks and Spacers ..................................................................................... 29
5.9 Strainers....................................................................................................... 30
5.10 Drip and Bleed Rings ................................................................................... 30
5.11 Hub and Clamp Connectors ......................................................................... 30
6 PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS AND FLEXIBILITY ............................................. 31
6.1 General ........................................................................................................ 31
7 PIPE SUPPORTS ........................................................................................ 32
7.1 Support Design Criteria ................................................................................ 32
7.2 Loads ........................................................................................................... 33
7.3 Spring Supports ........................................................................................... 34
8 SPECIALITY PIPING ITEMS ........................................................................ 35
8.1 General ........................................................................................................ 35
9 CHEMICAL INJECTION AND SAMPLE CONNECTIONS FOR PIPING ....... 36
9.1 General ........................................................................................................ 36
9.2 Chemical Injection ........................................................................................ 36
9.3 Sample Connections .................................................................................... 36
10 EROSION / CORROSION MONITORING .................................................... 37
10.1 General ........................................................................................................ 37
10.2 Access Fittings ............................................................................................. 37

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11 INSTRUMENTATION ................................................................................... 38
11.1 General ........................................................................................................ 38
11.2 Control Valves .............................................................................................. 38
12 WELLHEADS FLOWLINES AND MANIFOLDS ............................................ 40
12.1 General ........................................................................................................ 40
13 EQUIPMENT INTERFACES ........................................................................ 41
13.1 Pressure Vessels ......................................................................................... 41
13.2 Heat Exchangers .......................................................................................... 41
13.3 Rotating Equipment ...................................................................................... 42
13.3.1 Pumps ......................................................................................................................... 43
13.3.2 Compressors ............................................................................................................... 43
14 UTILITY SYSTEMS ...................................................................................... 44
14.1 Fuel and Utility Gas ...................................................................................... 44
14.2 Instrument Air ............................................................................................... 44
14.3 Utility Air ....................................................................................................... 45
15 PRESSURE RELIEVING SYSTEMS ............................................................ 46
15.1 General ........................................................................................................ 46
15.2 Relief Valves ................................................................................................ 46
16 FLARE AND VENT SYSTEMS ..................................................................... 48
16.1 General ........................................................................................................ 48
16.2 Flare and Vent.............................................................................................. 48
17 VENTS, DRAINS, AND FLUSHING SYSTEMS ............................................ 49
17.1 Vent Connections ......................................................................................... 49
17.2 Drainage Systems ........................................................................................ 49
18 FIREWATER SYSTEM PIPING.................................................................... 50
18.1 General ........................................................................................................ 50
19 PIPING DESIGN AND DOCUMENTATION .................................................. 51
19.1 General ........................................................................................................ 51
19.2 Equipment Layouts....................................................................................... 51
19.3 Piping Plans ................................................................................................. 52
19.4 Detail Drawings ............................................................................................ 52
19.5 Shop Isometric / Spool Drawings.................................................................. 52

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1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Background

MDC Oil and Gas (SK 320) Ltd (“COMPANY”) is the Operator of Block SK320, offshore
Sarawak, Malaysia, as shown in Figure 1.1, under a production sharing contract and is
developing of a number of gas field discoveries in this block. The largest of these,
Pegaga, is the focus of the development. The Pegaga field is in a water depth of about
108m and is in the vicinity of a range of existing infrastructure, as shown in Figure 1.2.
The gas and condensate will be exported to the Bintulu MLNG terminals.

1.2 Facility Description

The Pegaga Development consists of a manned Integrated Central Processing Platform

(ICPP). Dehydrated Gas and Condensate from Pegaga will be evacuated via a 38”
subsea pipeline to an existing 38” pipeline (PL-395) and onward to the E11R-B hub
platform. Tie-in to PL-395 is via a subsea Wye. The Pegaga gas will comingle with
gases from other sources at E11R-B and will be routed to MLNG Gas Metering Station 2
(GMS2). From E11R-B, the gas and condensate will travel to shore via the existing 36”
Trunkline 3 (PL-393) and Trunkline 4 (PL-394). The schematic of the Pegaga Facility is
shown in Figure 1.2. The design capacity for gas production and processing is 550
MMSFCD which will be produced from seven (7) wells, drilled from a Wellhead Deck.
The facilities for Pegaga ICPP are designed, fabricated, installed, commissioned and
handed over to COMPANY for this EPCIC scope as stated below:
• A main ICPP Process Deck with all hydrocarbon processing and utility systems.
• Living Quarters (LQ) integrated to ICPP, designed for seventy (70) personnel.
• An 8-legged ICPP Jacket.
• A ten (10) slot Wellhead deck with seven (7) working and provision for three (3)
future well slots installed at the same time as the jacket.
• 38” subsea pipeline from Pegaga to PL-395 pipeline subsea tie-in.
• N Subsea Wye tie-in between new 38” pipeline from PEGAGA and existing 38” PL-
112oE 114oE

North Luconia
395.
• SSIV (Subsea Isolation Valve) Manifold at Pegaga ICPP. 6oN

North Luconia
Delta

SK320

Baram Delta

Central Luconia
West Luconia
4oN Rim

Balingian

Tatau Province

Figure 1.1 Figure 1.2

Block SK320 Location Schematic of the Pegaga Development
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1.3 Purpose and Scope of Document

The purpose of the document is to define the criteria to be used for piping design of
Pegaga Offshore facility by MDC Oil and Gas (SK 320) Ltd (“COMPANY”) as the
Operator of Block SK320.

This document is not intended to make redundant good engineering practices and
consideration will be given to special circumstances where more or less rigorous
criteria should be applied. In case of licenced units, the design criteria of the system
licensor will generally be followed to ensure guarantees unless there is a specific
requirement by COMPANY.

These criteria, in conjunction with other referenced COMPANY specifications and

industry codes and standards, define the minimum acceptable requirements for the
design, layout, support and flexibility of topside piping systems installed in upstream
offshore oil and gas production facilities.

This document shall also be used for the piping materials within Vendor supplied
packages.

This design premise only covers the piping above the pipeline riser hanger flange.
Riser hanger flange and subsequent subsea pipelines are outside the scope of this
document.

1.4 Reference

1.4.1 Order of Precedence

The reference documents listed below, including industry codes and standards and
COMPANY specifications form an integral part of this general specification. Unless
stated otherwise the applicable version, including relevant appendices and
supplements is the latest revision published at the effective date of the contract.

The order of precedence of the applicable documents shall be:-

1. Government Laws, Rules and Regulations

2. COMPANY Project Specification
3. COMPANY General Specification
4. International Codes and Standards
5. Referenced Documents

Any conflict shall be reported to COMPANY for decision. In such a case, and unless
otherwise agreed by COMPANY, the more stringent requirement shall apply.

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Exceptions to or deviations from this document are not permitted unless accepted in
writing by COMPANY.

1.4.2 Company Standards and Project Specifications

Detailed below are a number of COMPANY’s general specifications and criteria which
specifically interface with this document.

This list is not exhaustive and where necessary both general and Project specifications
shall be referred for specific requirements.

Reference Title

PGCA-PR-BOD-1-001 Process Design Premise

PGCA-PI-BOD-1-001 Pipe Stress Design Criteria

PGCA-PI-SPC-1-002 SP Item Specification

PGGA-PI-PRC-1001 3D Model Review Procedure (Combined Wellhead &

Topside)
PGGA-PI-PRC-1002 3D PDMS Modelling Procedure (Combined Wellhead &
Topside)
PGCA-EL-BOD-1-001 Electrical Design Premise

PGCA-IN-BOD-1-001 Instrument Design Premise

PGCA-MT-BOD-1-001 Topside Corrosion Design Basis Memorandum

PGGA-QM-PLN-0003 Equipment/Material Criticality Rating (EMCR)

Management Plan
PGCA-ME-BOD-1-001 Mechanical Design Premise

PGCA-PI-STD-1-001 To Pegaga Integrated Central Processing Platform –

PGCA-PI-STD-1-077 Standard Pipe Support Drawings

MPMY-ME-SPC-0203 Surface Preparation and Coating

MPMY-PR-BOD-0001 Process Design Criteria

MPMY-PI-SPC-0002 Piping Material Specification

MPMY-PI-SPC-0003 Manual Valve Specification

MPMY-ST-BOD-0001 Structural Design Criteria

MPMY-GE-GUI-0002 Isolation Design Guideline

MPMY-IN-SPC-1007 Instrument Installation Specification

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MPMY-QA-PRC-0001 Contract Quality Assurance Requirement

1.4.3 Referenced Codes and Standards

Reference Title

ASME B31.3 Process Piping

ASME B31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems

ASME B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings

ASME B16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges Series A

ASTM D2846 Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly Vinyl

Chloride (CPVC) Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water
Distribution Systems

API RP 14C Recommended Practice for Analysis, Design,

Installation and Testing of Basic Surface Safety
Systems on Offshore Production Platforms

API RP 14E Recommended Practice for Design and Installation of

Offshore Production Platform Piping Systems

API RP 520 Recommended Practice for the Design and Installation

of Pressure-Relieving Systems in Refineries, Part II

API RP 521 Guide for Pressure Relief and Depressuring Systems.

API TR 6AF1 Technical Report on Temperature Derating of API

Flanges Under Combination of Loading

API TR 6AF2 Technical Report on Capabilities of API Integral

Flanges Under Combination of Loading - Phase II

CAP 437 Offshore Helicopter Landing Areas - Guidance on

Standard

NFPA 13 Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems

NFPA 15 Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire

Protection
ASME B1.1 Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN and UNR Thread
Form)
ASME B1.20.1 Pipe Threads

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Reference Title

ASME B16.10 Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Valves

ASME B16.20 Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges Ring-Joint, Spiral-

Wound, and Jacketed
ASME B16.21 Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges

ASME B16.25 Buttwelding Ends

ASME B16.34 Valves – Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End

ASME B16.48 Line Blanks

ASME B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws (Inch Series)

ASME B18.2.2 Square and Hex Nuts (Inch Series)

ASME 16.11 Forged Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded

ASME V Non-destructive Testing

ASME VIII BPV code

ASME IX Welding Qualification

ASME B36.10 Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe

ASME B36.19 Stainless Steel Pipe

ASTM A105 Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications

ASTM A153 Zinc coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware

ASTM A193 Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Material for high-
temperature service

ASTM A194 Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure
or High Temperature Service, or Both

ASTM A182 Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe

Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for
High-Temperature Service

Steel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding,

ASTM A216
for High-Temperature Service
ASTM A234 Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel
for Moderate and High Temperature Service

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Reference Title

Heat Resisting Chromium and Nickel Chromium

ASTM A240 Stainless Steel Plates, Sheet and Strip for Pressure
Vessel
ASTM A262 Standard Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to
Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels

Standard Specification for Seamless, Welded, and

ASTM A312
Heavily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes
ASTM A320 Alloy steel bolting materials for low temperature service

Seamless and Welded Steel Pipe for Low-Temperature

ASTM A333
Service

ASTM A350 Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Forgings, Requiring Notch

Toughness Testing for Piping Components

Standard Specification for Castings, Austenitic, for

ASTM A351
Pressure-Containing Parts

Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic and

ASTM A352 Martensitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for
Low-Temperature Service

Electric-Fusion-Welded Austenitic Chromium-Nickel

ASTM A358 Stainless Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service and
General Applications
Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical
Testing of Steel Products1
ASTM A370
Standard Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and
ASTM A380 Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts, Equipment, and
Systems

ASTM A403 Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings

Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel

ASTM A420
for Low-Temperature Service

Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates,

ASTM A515 Carbon Steel, for Intermediate- and Higher-
Temperature Service

Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel for Moderate and

ASTM A516
Lower Temperature Service
Standard Specification Requirement for Specialized
ASTM A530
Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe
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Reference Title

Electric Fusion Welded Steel Pipe for Atmospheric and

ASTM A671
Lower Temperatures
Carbon and Alloy Steel Forging for Pipe Flanges,
ASTM A694 Valves and Parts of High Pressure Transmission
Services

Seamless and Welded Ferritic /Austenitic Stainless

ASTM A790
Steel Pipe

Wrought Ferritic / Austenitic, and Martensitic Stainless

ASTM A815
Steel Piping Fittings
Standard Specification for Wrought High-Strength
ASTM A860
Ferritic Steel Butt-Welding Fittings
Standard Specification for Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex)
ASTM A928 Stainless Steel Pipe Electric Fusion Welded with
Addition of Filler Metal1

Standard Specification for Castings, Austenitic-Ferritic

ASTM A995
(Duplex) Stainless Steel, for Pressure-Containing Parts

Standard Specification for Aluminium-Bronze Sand

ASTM B148
Castings
Standard Test Methods for Pitting and Crevice
ASTM G48 Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels and Related
Alloys by Use of Ferric Chloride Solution
ASTM F441/ F Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe,
441M Schedules 40 and 80
Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe
ASTM F439
Fittings, Schedule 80
Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Compounds and
ASTM A 1784
Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Compounds

Standard Specification for Solvent Cements for

ASTM F 493 Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe
and Fittings

API 5L Specification for Line Pipe

API RP 6A Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree

Equipment

API RP 6D Pipeline Valves

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Reference Title

API RP 6FA Specification for Fire Test of Valves

API 608 Metal Ball Valves – Flanged, threaded and welding

ends
API RP 14E Recommended Practice for Design and Installation of
Offshore Production Platform Piping Systems

API STD 594 Check Valves: Wafer, Wafer-Lug, and Double Flanged
Type
API STD 598 Valves Inspection and Testing

API STD 600 Bolted Bonnet Steel Gate Valves for Petroleum and
Natural Gas Industries

API STD 602 Steel Gate, Globe and Check Valves for Sizes DN 100
and Smaller for the Petroleum and Natural Gas
Industries

API STD 607 Fire Test for Soft-Seated Quarter-Turn Valves

API STD 609 Butterfly Valves : Double Flanged, Lug- and Wafer-
Type
BS 1868 Specification for Steel Check Valves (Flanged and Butt-
Welding Ends) for the Petroleum, Petrochemical and
Allied Industries

BS 1873 Steel Globe, Stop and Check Valve

BS 5154 Specification for Copper Alloy Globe, Globe Stop,

Check and Gate Valves

BS 5352 Steel Wedge Gate, Globe and Check Valves 50mm and
Smaller

BS EN 10204 Metallic Products- Types of Inspection Documents

MSS SP 25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings, Flanges

and Unions

MSS-SP-43 Wrought and Fabricated Butt-Welding Fitting for Low

Pressure Corrosion Resistant Applications

MSS-SP-44 Steel Pipe Line Flanges

MSS SP 75 Specifications for High Test Wrought Buttwelding

Fittings

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Reference Title

MSS-SP-83 Steel Pipe Unions, Socket Welding and Threaded

MSS-SP 95 Swages Nipples and Bull Plugs

MSS-SP-97 Forged Branch Outlet Fittings

ISO 148-1 Metallic materials — Charpy Pendulum Impact Test

ISO 15156 Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil

and gas production

ISO 14313 Pipeline transportation systems -- Pipeline valves

ISO 15848 Part Measurement, test and qualification procedures for

1 fugitive emissions

ISO 17292 Metal ball valves for petroleum, petrochemical and

allied industries

EEMUA PUB Specification for Integral Block and Bleed Valve

NO 182 Manifold for Direct Connection to Pipework

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2 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

2.1 Definitions

The following definitions shall apply throughout the procedure;

COMPANY : MDC Oil & Gas (SK320) Ltd

CONTRACTOR : Sapura Fabrication Sdn Bhd

WORK : Provision of Engineering, Procurement, Construction,

Installation and Commissioning (EPCIC)

CA : Certifying Authority

IVB : Independent Verification Body

MWS : Marine Warranty Surveyor

Subcontractor : Subcontractors employed by CONTRACTOR

Vendor : The party which supplies equipment, and materials ordered

by CONTRACTOR

Site : Site means the location (s) of the offshore facilities and
Pipelines

Worksite : Worksite means the SITE, all fabrication yards including

engineering offices outside the SITE, individually or
collectively, where any part of the WORK shall be performed.

2.2 Abbreviations

ALARP : As Low As Reasonably Possible

ANSI : American National Standards Institute

ASME : American Society of Mechanical

Engineer API : American Petroleum Institute

BPD : Barrel per Day

CFD : Computational Fluid Dynamic

cP : Centipoise

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DOSH : Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Malaysia

ISA : International Society of Automation

ISO : International Organization of Standardization

FM : Factory Mutual

GTC : Gas Turbine Compressor

GTG : Gas Turbine Generator

LMTD : Log Mean Temperature Difference

LP : Low Pressure

MAWP : Maximum Allowable Working Pressure

MDC : MDC Oil & Gas (SK320) Ltd

MOP : Maximum Operating Pressure

NACE : National Association of Corrosion Engineers

NLL : Normal Liquid Level

NFPA : National Fire Protection Association

NPSH : Net Positive Suction Head

PMI : Positive Material Identification

PSD : Process Shutdown

RT : Radiographic Test

SFSB : Sapura Fabrication Sdn Bhd

TEG : Triethylene Glycol

TEMA : Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association

UL : Underwriters Laboratories

USD : Utility Shutdown

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2.3 Units of Measurement

The units of measurement detailed within the document are derived from the SI
system units, as described below. If not included in the table below the
International System of Units (SI) shall be used.

Parameter Unit

Amount of Substance Kilogramme mole (kgmol)

Density kg/m3

Dynamic Viscosity Centipoise (cP)

Energy kiloJoule (kJ); MMBtu

Force Newton (N)

Flowrate Nm3/hr

Standard Gas Flowrate MMscfd

Standard Liquid Volume bpd

Flowrate

Kinematic Viscosity Centistokes (cSt)

Mass kg

Pipe Size Inch

Power Kilo Watt (kW)

Pressure bar(g); bar(a)

Temperature °C or K

Weight kg

Notes:

1. Standard conditions are taken at 101.325kPa and 15.56°C

2. Standard volume flow: normal cubic meter per hour (Nm³/hr), 0°C and 1.01325
bar absolute
3. All dimensions are quoted in mm without the unit abbreviation
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3 GENERAL REQUIREMENT

3.1 Environmental

The Piping system to be supplied for the Pegaga offshore facilities will, unless
otherwise stated on the relevant piping component or equipment datasheets, be
installed in a tropical offshore saliferous environment. The piping and its equipment
related materials of construction and anti-corrosion coatings shall be suitable for the
expected environmental factors and process temperatures plus the predicted
environmental loading.

Minimum °C
Air Temperature 21
Sea Surface Temperature 23.3
Sea Bed Temperature 13.8
Humidity (%) 35
Maximum °C
Air Temperature 39.9
Sea Surface Temperature 33.2
Sea Bed Temperature 27.3
Humidity (%) 100

Note: Above temperatures based on 100 years data.

Air temperature of 35°C (7 °C margin above mean temperature of 28 °C) is

used for equipment design and minimum air temperature is 21°C.

Black body temperature due to solar radiation is considered as 65°C.

The 3 second gust and 1 minute average wind speed at 10 m above mean
sea level for a return period of 100 years is 43.7 m/s and 36.1 m/s
respectively.

3.2 Design life

Material selected for the Pegaga Piping System shall be suitable for 20 years
of design life.

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4 FACILITY LAYOUT REQUIREMENT

4.1 General

The primary considerations, for Pegaga facility layout design are safety,
operability, maintainability and the prevention of pollution. High risk
hydrocarbon areas shall be separated from low risk areas, such as the living
quarters and safety systems.

In addition, consideration shall be given to avoiding confinement or congestion

to minimise the effect of explosions or fire.

The layout shall be based on the following major principles but not limited to:

• To locate all equipment identified on the equipment list

• To comply with standards, regulations, codes and specifications and follow
normal good industry practice
• To maximize safety of personnel, equipment and the facilities
• To obtain functional relationships between equipment to minimize inter-
connecting piping
• To ensure constructability of the facilities
• To minimize the effect of blast overpressures on piping and equipment
• To ensure operability and maintainability of equipment
• To provide means of escape and access for firefighting
• To segregate hazardous and non-hazardous equipment and processes
• To satisfy all requirements indicated in process documents (P&ID’s)
• To minimize offshore hook-up and commissioning

Natural ventilation is to be maximised, in order to encourage dispersion of

gaseous hydrocarbon releases and smoke. Layouts are to minimise the
potential for trapped vapour pockets. Equipment arrangement shall also
consider wind directions for optimal natural ventilation.

The routing of firewater ring mains and deluge piping, high pressure piping,
pipework containing large hydrocarbon inventories and those with a high
frequency leakage potential shall be considered with regard to their
vulnerability to fire and blast overpressures. The use of natural shielding from
vessels, walls and structures shall be made.

The living quarters, Control rooms and Technical rooms shall be located at the
non-hazardous area and shall be protected from external fires and noise, by
suitably rated barrier walls.

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Utilities such as electrical generating equipment and air conditioning equipment

shall be located away from high risk hydrocarbon areas. Vulnerable safety
systems, such as fire pumps, deluge valves and emergency generator shall be
protected from high risk hydrocarbon areas by suitably rated barriers.

Location of the pedestal crane shall ensure clear visual sight for the operator
for offloading supply boats from the normal approach position and the setting-
down of loads on dedicated laydown positions, wherever possible. Laydown
areas shall be provided at each deck level to allow the removal/maintenance of
equipment as required. Monorails and access ways shall be provided to these
laydown areas.

Where helicopter operations are required the platform design shall also comply
with the guidance of CAP 437. Helicopter fuel tanks shall be located remote
from potential sources of ignition and precautions shall be taken to prevent
spilled liquid from flowing into other areas.

The flare stack and machinery exhausts shall be located in non-hazardous

areas as far away as practical from the process area, the living quarters and
helideck with due consideration given to flare radiation and prevailing winds.

Electrical switchgear and control rooms shall be kept free of any liquid piping
systems.

4.2 Equipment Layout

Equipment shall be arranged to maximize safety, operator accessibility and

maintainability. Similar equipment shall be grouped together to simplify the
layout and ease operation and maintenance, with high pressure hydrocarbon
equipment located away from the accommodation and temporary refuge. The
layout must include sufficient clearance for removal of components that require
maintenance without the removal of other components or piping.

Equipment shall be arranged, orientated and spaced considering prevailing

winds to maximize natural ventilation. The degree of confinement created by
pipe racks and decks (grated or otherwise) is to be considered to maximize
natural ventilation. With maximized natural ventilation, risk of blast
overpressure, hydrocarbon release, smoke dispersion is minimized.

Layouts are to minimise the potential for trapped vapour pockets, and
prevailing weather conditions are to be considered in determining the natural
ventilation.

Consideration shall be given to the layout of high noise equipment/processes

and where necessary equipment enclosures shall be provided to limit noise
levels in normal operating areas.

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The platform design shall also comply with the guidance of CAP 437 as
required, and shall not restrict helicopter operations.

4.3 Operability and Maintainability

The facility layout shall take into account operation and maintenance
requirements, ensuring sufficient access around equipment are provided and
also satisfy the requirements for material handling.

Particular emphasis shall be placed on items of plant that require regular

maintenance or which are critical to production.

Access hatches shall be provided for the removal of equipment from one deck
level to another as identified within the Mechanical Handling Study.

4.4 Accessibility and Clearance

A minimum of two escape routes shall be provided from process and utility
areas where normal operation and maintenance activities are undertaken. The
escape route and equipment access shall be provided to meet requirements as
shown below.

Dimension
Width and Distance
(mm)
Minimum Primary Escape Route Width – Around the 1200
periphery of the platform and the escape route leading to
them
Minimum Secondary Escape Route Width 1000

Minimum Bridge Access Walkway Width 1500

Minimum Walkway / Passageway Width – Leading to 750

primary escape routes

Access Space Around Equipment 900

Minimum Escape Route Height 2200

Minimum Walkway / Passageway Height 2100

Minimum Width of Stairs 1200

Minimum stairs landing width to accommodate stretcher 1500

Minimum Headroom Over Stairs 2200

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Maximum Height of Single Ladder 6000

Minimum clear headroom in operating areas 2100

Maximum Escape Route Dead End 5000

All ladders shall be provided with safety cages, starting at 2.5m from the base
of the ladder. The safety cage shall extend to 1m above the top of the ladder
and the distance from the rings to the back of the cage shall be a minimum of
700mm. Above requirements is aligned with PGCA-SA-PHI-1-001-Project
Technical Safety Philosophy.

The facility layout shall provide sufficient operating space for maintenance
equipment such as bridge cranes, monorail hoists and hook hoists. Space shall
be kept clear for escape routes, access ways, laydown and maintenance
areas, manholes, access openings, inspection points, hatches, davits and
areas required for equipment and instrument withdrawal.

4.5 Pollution Prevention

Planning, design and construction of Pegaga facility shall include for

containment and proper disposal of any type of contaminant.

Care shall be taken with the location of sea water pump suction lines and the
area where outfall caissons are discharging to avoid cross contamination,
particularly the sewage drains caisson. Drip pans shall be provided where
hydrocarbon liquids are contained.

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5 PIPING DESIGN

5.1 General

Pegaga Topside piping system design, layout, support and flexibility shall be
fully in accordance with ASME B31.3, the recommendations of API RP14E and
COMPANY’s technical requirements.

All pipe & piping components shall be as specified in Piping Material

Specification, (document MPMY-PI-SPC-0002). The Pipe & piping components
shall be designed to safely handle the duty detailed on the P&ID and line list for
the respective service. Piping class selection shall be based on the process
design requirements as well as “Topside Corrosion Design Basis
Memorandum”(document no PGCA-MT-BOD-1-001) .

Design of Pegaga pipeline risers, including the pig trap shall be in accordance
with ASME B31.8.

All pipe, fittings, and valves shall conform to the standard specifications for the
service specified, and in particular the appropriate piping class for the intended
service. Pipe, fittings and valves sizes ¼, 1-¼, 2-½, 3-½, 5, 7, 9 and 22 inches
shall not be used except as necessary to connect to equipment, and shall
change to conventional size immediately adjacent to the equipment.

The minimum pipe size to be used shall be ¾” NPS. For chemical injection and
hydraulic systems, piping 1” NPS and below may be substituted by tubing with
twin ferrule type compression fittings.

All fittings shall be seamless in construction unless otherwise specified in Piping

Material Specification- MPMY-PI-SPC-0002.

Dimensions of metallic fittings shall be in accordance with ASME B16.9 & MSS-
SP-43 for butt-weld fittings. Wall thickness of butt-weld fittings shall not be less
than the minimum wall thickness of connecting pipes.

Utility piping serving buildings and areas other than platform Process and Utility
piping areas may be designed to applicable plumbing, heating and ventilation, or
refrigeration codes subject to COMPANY approval.

5.2 Piping Layout

All piping shall be routed to provide a simple, neat and economical layout to
minimize run lengths and fitting quantities with adequate flexibility and allowing
ease of support and access. Except for removable piping sections required to

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facilitate maintenance, and piping requiring dismantling for cleaning, the use of
unions shall be limited to the connection of flanged components or equipment.

Piping shall typically be routed in the true vertical or horizontal plane, and
generally parallel to column and rows. Diagonal and skewed angle piping runs
should be avoided. All lines requiring a fall or slope as designated on the P&ID's
shall be designed to ensure they slope in the required direction. For major piping
runs, changes in direction shall generally coincide with changes in elevation.
Care shall be taken not to create unnecessary low point pockets or high point
traps. Dead legs in process piping shall be avoided whenever possible.

Lines that branch off from main piping runs preferably shall be routed and
supported with other lines unless the shortest direct route is required.

Sufficient distance shall be allocated between flanges, branches and supports of

insulated lines to allow the application of the insulation, including expansion/
contraction joints of the insulation system.

Sample connections, injection connections, corrosion probes, temperature and

pressure connections shall be provided as shown on the P&ID's, conforming to
the relevant piping class, and shall be accessible as specified in Instrument
Installation Specification, document no. MPMY-IN-SPC-1007 and also
Instrument Design Premise, document no. PGCA-IN-BOD-1-001. Dead ends on
headers shall be minimised to reduce potential for corrosion and accumulation of
debris.

Piping at vessels, valves, meters, strainers, pumps, compressors, turbines, etc.,

shall be arranged so that the component may be removed without dismantling
adjacent components or piping except for connection flanges at equipment
nozzles.

Piping shall not be routed directly above mechanical equipment such as pumps
or compressors or above operating or maintenance areas. Piping runs shall be
to the front, side, rear or beneath such equipment to facilitate operation and for
easy removal of equipment for inspection, servicing and maintenance. Areas
reserved for removal of heat exchanger bundles, filters, and rotating equipment
components shall be free of overhead piping.

Piping shall be designed so that process equipment connections can be isolated

for safe maintenance and that such equipment may be removed without
dismantling adjacent equipment or piping except for connection flanges at
equipment nozzles. This may be accomplished by providing for the insertion of
line or spectacle blinds at strategic points. The blinds shall be installed so that
insertion or operation can be made from permanent platforms, walkways or
deck level. Where positive isolation blinds are not provided for safe maintenance
of in-line equipment or tanks, option for isolation by spool removal shall be
provided.
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Piping headers with flanged ends shall be located so that future extension of the
header is not blocked by adjacent piping or equipment.

Piping shall not be installed below the lowest deck level unless absolutely
necessary due to its service or route to or from a lower area, such as a boat
landing or pump caisson.

Valves and piping components requiring operator attention or regular servicing

shall be accessible from deck level, and shall not protrude into walkways. If not
accessible from deck level, an elevated access platform shall be provided for
operation and maintenance. Specifically, all control valves, relief valves and flow
devices except orifice flange shall be accessible from deck level or access
platforms. If practical, control valves shall be grouped at centralised operating
locations.

Prefabricated piping shall have a sufficient number of properly located field

welds to allow flanged connections to be installed without imposing excessive
strain on the equipment or piping.

Piping insulation and trace heating shall be provided as detailed on the P&IDs.
Hot lines shall be grouped together and separated from cold lines in order to
control corrosion, thermal expansion and condensation and vapour problems as
much as possible.

For pipes subjected to post weld heat treatment, the minimum spacing between
circumferential weld joints shall be 100mm or 4 times the wall thickness of the
pipe, whichever is greater, as per ASME B31.3 requirement unless otherwise
approved by COMPANY. Minimum spacing shall be measured from toe to toe
and not weld centreline.

Mitred joints and welds shall not be acceptable without written COMPANY
approval. Expansion joints shall not be permitted in corrosive or hydrocarbon
service.

Piping routed on bridges shall be designed with expansion loops capable of

handling of relative movement of platforms during design storm conditions in
addition to the operational loads applied, and shall be subject to fatigue
assessment as per ASME B31.3 requirements.

Piping shall not penetrate primary structural steel members or blast walls without
written COMPANY approval. A fire retarding seal shall be provided on all piping
penetrations through fire or blast walls of the same or higher barrier rating.

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5.3 Non-Metallic Piping

Fibreglass reinforced piping (FRP) may be used for seawater, sewage and open
drain services as per project specific Material Selection Report where fluid surge
and water hammer are not encountered. The design, layout and support of
piping systems shall be in accordance with the Manufacturer’s requirements /
recommendations and the technical requirements of the Project.

The FRP Manufacturer shall note that the COMPANY’s technical requirements
do not include complete detailed design, layout, and support or flexibility
requirements specific to the needs of FRP piping systems. The FRP
Manufacturer shall be responsible for providing a complete design, undertaking
any flexibility analysis, including dynamic surge analysis where required, and
shall provide suitable details for the layout and support of the FRP piping system
to the mutual satisfaction of COMPANY and Contractor.

FRP piping shall typically be provided with saddles that provide 180° of
circumferential support in accordance with the FRP pipe Manufacturer’s
recommendations. Valves and heavy components in FRP piping systems shall
be independently supported or suspended to prevent excessive torque, bending
or longitudinal stresses being transmitted to the FRP piping.

Chlorinated Poly Vinyl Chloride (CPVC) piping may be used for hot and cold
water services. The design, layout and support of CPVC piping systems shall be
in accordance with ASTM D2846, and the Manufacturer’s requirements/
recommendations. Pipe supports shall be spaced a maximum of 1000mm apart,
and a CPVC saddle shall be glued to the underside of the pipe at all support
locations. CPVC piping shall not be rigidly anchored to supports; instead it shall
be loosely secured to allow pipe movement.

Non-metallic piping shall not be used for hydrocarbon process services without
written COMPANY approval.

5.4 Piping Clearance

GENERAL

Minimum clear access width between adjacent vessels (insulation thickness to

900 mm
be added)
Minimum clear width of operating and servicing areas around diesel driven
equipment, turbines and compressors this must also comply with Vendor 1500 mm
requirements for the servicing and removal of components
Minimum clear width between pumps, exchangers, small vessels and piping
900 mm
manifold
Minimum clear width between adjacent exchangers in the same service and
600 mm
directly interconnected

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Minimum clear width beyond the ends of exchangers (plus tube or cover removal
900 mm
length where applicable)
Minimum clear space all round for Locally mounted Instrument panels (WHCP, 1000 mm
HPU, TUTU)
Minimum clearance in front of inspection, cleanout and manway opening;
900 mm
internals removal shall be considered
Clearance required between deck level or platform and bottom of pipe (BOP)
with process drain connection should be provided as shown in below figure:

Minimum clear between floor and bottom of flange 150 mm

Extent of Personnel Protection from walkway - Vertical Direction 2100mm
Extent of Personnel Protection from walkway - Horizontal Direction 800 mm

CONTROL VALVES AND FLOW DEVICES

Preferred bottom of pipe (BOP) of control valve above deck level or platform 400 mm
The minimum clearance between BOP and deck for Flow devices 600 mm

PIPE SPACING

Minimum distance from underside of pipe or insulation to high point of deck level
or platform
200 mm
Except that flanges or valve bodies, shall also be 200mm clear of deck where
controlling
Minimum distance between pipes or insulation of pipes 25 mm
Minimum distance between a flange and a pipe or the insulation of a pipe
(flanges of adjacent pipes running parallel with each other shall be staggered to 25 mm
prevent fouling of flanges)
Minimum distance from pipe to face of steelwork (after allowing for insulation) 75 mm
Minimum distance from flange to face of steelwork, etc 75 mm

VALVE INSTALLATIONS AND ACCESS

Access shall be as per Asian Valve Operation Anthropometry and based on the
valve criticality table shown below.
Minimum clearance between adjacent handwheels, equipment including
50 mm
insulation, structures and any obstruction for valve operation
Clear operating level for use of chain wheels (only with COMPANY approval)
1000 mm
with extension stems kept to a minimum

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Valve Criticality Rating

Category Definition Access Requirement

Valves Critical for safety or Permanent accessibility shall be provided at

operations, valves that are deck or ground level or via a permanent
Category 1 used frequently (more than standing elevated surface. If such access at
(C1) once every 6 months) for ground level is not practical, access by
routine operation and stairs/ladder to elevated platform is
maintenance. acceptable

Valves not critical for Height and reach distance of these valves are
Operations and operated preferable to be the same as for Category 1
infrequently (less than once valves.
Category 2 per 6 months) for non-routine
(C2) Vertical fixed ladder plus small standing
operation and maintenance
surface are acceptable for valve operation.
Auxiliary equipment to gain access for
maintenance may be acceptable.

Valves not critical for Permanent access to these valves is

operations or routine desirable but not essential. No specific
maintenance and infrequently location requirements are imposed.
Category 3
used. Includes valves used
(C3) Use of auxiliary equipment to gain access to
exclusively for commissioning,
these valves shall be indicated and allowed
start-up, shutdown or rarely
for in design.
performed maintenance tasks.

Valve criticality described in detail in Human Factor Term of Reference, Doc No:
PGCA-SA-TOR-1-003 and PGCA-SA-TOR-1-004.

CORROSION PROBES AND CHEMICAL INJECTION FITTING

Space required for retrieval of corrosion probe / coupon and chemical injection 2000 mm
fitting / quill (To suit
Vendor)

The centre-to-centre spacing between piping shall be governed by the flange

diameters, insulation requirements, and thermal expansion characteristics of
the piping. The minimum clearance between piping, including flanges and/or
insulation, shall be 50 mm.

Piping arrangements shall provide sufficient operating space for maintenance

equipment such as cranes, monorail hoists and hook hoists. Piping shall be
kept clear of escape routes, access ways, laydown and maintenance areas,
manholes, access openings, inspection points, hatches, davits and areas
required for equipment and instrument withdrawal.

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5.5 Pipeways and Racks

Where pipeways are provided, utility and service lines shall generally be
grouped separate from process lines with utility and service lines placed on the
top level, and process lines on the lower level of pipe racks wherever possible.

The outer edges of pipe racks shall be allocated to heavy (liquid) lines and large
diameter piping with the centre allocated to light (gas or vapour) lines and small
diameter piping.

Process lines shall be placed on the same side of the pipe rack as the
equipment they service when possible. Expansion pipe loops shall be installed
over the top of racks where practical.

Pipe entering or exiting pipe racks shall roll out with a change in elevation so as
not to block adjacent pipe slots. If possible, the difference in elevations between
lines oriented with platform north/south and those oriented east/west shall be a
minimum of 600mm. On installations with long runs of pipe, a longitudinal
clearance shall be provided between pipes leaving the pipeway or rack to
accommodate thermal expansion.

Pipeways and racks shall include a minimum of 20% spare space based on
linear width for future requirements.

5.6 Branches

The type of branch connection to be used shall be in accordance with the

respective piping classes.

Branch connections in process services shall be located at the top or side of the
header, with the branch line block valve located to allow complete drainage on
each side of the valve. In utility services branches shall be located at the top of
the header, with root valves located in the horizontal section of the branch, close
to the header.

Couplings or other weld-on type branch connections and fittings shall not be
located on a weld joint.

Where required small bore connections nominally 1 1/2 inch & below shall be
braced back to the header in services that give potential for piping vibration such
as well stream piping, rotary compressor piping, reciprocating pumps &
compressor piping, piping subjected to slugging and other services that can
excite pipe vibration. Ensuring small bore connections are safe during start up,

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thermal transients and vibration. Details of bracing requirement shall be referred

to Pipe Support Standard Drawings, Document no: PGCA-PI-STD-1-077.

Care shall be taken in the location of small connections in piping subject to

thermal movement.

5.7 Valving

Valves shall be installed to provide suitable isolation and manual control for the
maintenance of the facilities as detailed on the P&IDs. Valve selection shall be
accordance with MPMY-PI-SPC-0003, Manual Valve Specification.

Bypass valves shall be installed where slow warm-up of a system would require
the main block valve to be cracked open during which seating surfaces could be
damaged, to facilitate smooth operation of valves of large diameter, or valves
that need to operate at high differential pressures. Bypass valves shall conform
to the same piping class as the principal valve and may be ball or globe or choke
type. Nominal minimum size of the bypass shall be as indicated in the respective
P&IDs.

Where a bypass line with isolation valve is provided for equipment, the pressure
rating of bypass piping, bypass valve and suction valve shall be of the same
pressure rating as the discharge piping.

Valves shall be located such that their actuator or hand wheel may be
conveniently reached when standing at deck level or from a permanent platform
as per Asian Valve Operation Anthropometry. Horizontally positioned valve
stems however shall not be located between 1400mm and 1900mm above the
deck or operating platform.

Valves that require operation during an emergency shall be easily accessible or

shall be equipped with remote operating devices with convenient local control.

Valves which are regularly operated and where the hand wheel is 1900mm or
more above an operating level shall be provided with chain operators or
extension stems. Chain drop shall normally clear operating platforms by
1000mm. Chain operators shall not be acceptable on valves 2 inches and
smaller. Access platforms are preferred to chain operators.

5.8 Blanks and Spacers

Provisions for installing blanks or spacers in piping to provide positive isolations

between a pair of flanges, one of which may be on a flanged valve or a piece of
equipment is typically required.

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Removable pipe spools shall be installed at raised face or ring-type joint flanges
too rigid to separate with jackscrews.

For blanks weighing more than 35kg located in horizontal section of pipe and
permanent handling equipment shall be provided, unless mobile lifting
equipment can be easily utilised.

5.9 Strainers

Temporary strainers shall be provided in pump suction lines. The open area
shall typically equal 300 percent (300%) of the cross-sectional area of the pipe.
Piping shall be so arranged that the strainer can be removed without altering the
piping, supports, or pump alignments.

Temporary strainers shall be provided in compressor suction lines for start-up

and initial operation unless the lines are accessible for internal visual inspection,
and are clean and free of foreign objects. Strainer opening shall be as specified
by the compressor Manufacturer.

All Y-type strainers shall be installed with the basket downward or 45 deg rolled,
with adequate space to remove the basket from the bottom. Simplex/duplex
basket and bucket type strainers shall be installed in the upright position to allow
the basket/bucket to be lifted out from the top.

Permanent strainers or screens shall be installed as indicated in P&ID’s

5.10 Drip and Bleed Rings

Drip and bleed rings shall be installed between a pair of flanges to provide in-
place field pressurisation of relief valves for testing, vent/drain points for close
coupled instrumentation or drain points on congested piping configurations, as
indicated in P&ID’s.

5.11 Hub and Clamp Connectors

Hub and clamp connectors shall only be used if indicated in P&ID’s and as per
Piping Material Specification, Doc No: MPMY-PI-SPC-0002.

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6 PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS AND FLEXIBILITY

6.1 General

Pipe stress analysis and flexibility shall be as per project specific Pipe Stress
Design Criteria, PGCA-PI-BOD-1-001.

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7 PIPE SUPPORTS

7.1 Support Design Criteria

Pipe supports shall adequately support the piping and prevent excessive loads,
expansion forces and vibration on equipment and vessels. They shall comprise a
rigid steel support structure, generally constructed from angle, channel, tubular
and structural sections, and shall include “U” bolts, shoes, guides, stops,
anchors, restraints, spring hangers, stanchions, dummy legs, etc. Piping
supports shall not be fabricated of cast, ductile, or malleable iron. Pipe support
shall be accordance to Standard Pipe Support Drawings, Doc.No: PGCA-PI-
STD-1-001 To PGCA-PI-STD-1-077.

The Contractor shall be responsible for determining the method of pipe supports
as appropriate or necessary. For example, rigid clamping should not be used on
high temperature insulated piping, on piping that requires flexibility for imposed
movements, or when stresses in the piping system caused by the rigid restraints
exceed the allowable. Temporary supports shall be allowed only if approved in
writing by COMPANY.

COMPANY approval is required to support small piping from adjacent larger

piping, and shall be limited to ≤1½ inch. If economical, the line size may be
increased to eliminate the addition of intermediate supports.

Pipe supports at pumps, compressors and drivers shall be attached to a

structural member of the equipment skid or the platform, and shall not be
supported by equipment baseplates or soleplates.

All pipe supports shall provide positive support to the pipe from below and
sufficient bracing to prevent excessive deflection or horizontal movement of the
piping system. They shall not rest upon or be welded to grating, deck plate or
other non-structural elements.

Pipe supports that provide support from overhead, such as rod hangers or “U”
bolts clamped or bolted to overhead steel shall not be used unless prior approval
is given by COMPANY.

Line stops and anchors shall transmit the entire load directly to the supporting
structural member.

Piping supports shall be designed to facilitate easy removal of the connected

equipment, vessels, instrumentation and valves without compromising support
for adjacent piping, valves and appurtenances.

Insulated piping shall be supported on pipe shoe type supports, with a minimum
of 25mm clearance between the insulation jacket and the support steel. Pipe

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shoes shall include slots to secure the insulation weather proofing jacket with
metal straps.

To avoid crevice corrosion between pipe and support member, there shall be no
direct contact between (Ferrous & Non Ferrous) pipe and support member.
Isolating pad / I- Rod (high strength thermoplastic rod) shall be used to provide
isolation between the pipe and the support member

If the vertical movement of the piping is excessive, or if the limitations on

reactions and stresses are exceeded, then the piping may be supported by
spring hangers.

7.2 Loads

Pipe supports shall be designed to accommodate the worst case combination of

the dry weight of the piping system including all pipe, fittings, flanges, valves,
instrumentation, insulation, fireproofing, etc., live loads such as the fluid in the
piping during normal operation or hydro-testing, transportation, and any
environmental loadings specified.

Dynamic loadings resulting from vibrating equipment or from the slugging or

surging of fluids, high velocity vapours and condensed liquids in flare piping shall
also be considered in the design of all pipe supports.

Considering the above loading scenarios, for critical piping systems, the pipe
support loads shall be based on worst case loading from pipe stress analysis.
For non-critical piping such as utility piping, pipe support loads shall be
estimated.

To cater for the pipe support loads, pipe support design shall use project Pipe
Support Standard where possible. Each support in the Pipe Support Standard
shall be indicated with load bearing capacity to cater for the calculated or
estimated loads. Each load bearing capacity in the Pipe Support Standard shall
be verified by Structural Department.

When it is not possible to use the project Pipe Support Standard, special pipe
supports shall be introduced. Each special pipe support shall be verified by
Structural Department in order to cater to the calculated or estimated loads.

The calculated or estimated pipe support loads shall be provided to and checked
by Structural Department to ensure the integrity of the structures where pipe
supports are located. In this case, any pipe support loads in excess of 10KN
acting horizontally and 20KN acting vertically shall be provided to the Structural
Department for structural integrity checks. Where structural stresses due to
these pipe support loads are deemed excessive, pipe routing / supporting shall
be reviewed

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7.3 Spring Supports

The use of spring supports shall be avoided wherever possible, however where
required they shall be capable of supporting the pipe under all design conditions,
allowing free expansion and contraction of the piping and prevent excessive
stress induced by transfer of weight to the pipe or connected equipment.

Sizes and types of spring supports shall be selected so that the supports can
carry the full design loads.

Variable-load spring hangers shall be provided unless the vertical movement of

the piping or the additional stress due to load fluctuations require the use of
constant-load spring hangers.

Spring supports shall be furnished with factory installed travel stops set at the
cold position. The travel stops shall be easily removable, but capable of acting
as a rigid hanger during erection, and hydrostatic testing. Constant-load
supports shall provide a means of vertical adjustment after erection.

Hanger rods shall be subjected to tensile loading only, and shall have linkages to
permit swing where lateral or axial movement is anticipated.

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8 SPECIALITY PIPING ITEMS

8.1 General

Speciality piping items are typically not covered by a design code or standard or
are not standard items and hence not detailed within the piping material
specifications. Speciality piping item shall be design accordance to SP item
Specification, Doc.No: PGCA-PI-SPC-1-002. These includes quick connectors,
hoses, traps, flame arrestors, strainers, sampling connection, access fittings and
etc. Speciality items shall be of standard sizes and materials consistent with the
applicable piping classes.

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9 CHEMICAL INJECTION AND SAMPLE CONNECTIONS FOR PIPING

9.1 General

For corrosion monitoring, chemical injection or sampling equipment requiring

access under pressure, space shall be provided for the use of retrieving tools.

9.2 Chemical Injection

Flanges in chemical injection piping shall not be located over walkways,

stairways, access areas, maintenance areas, etc.

Whenever possible, chemical injection lines shall be run under protection in the
shadow of steel.

Instrument tubing and compression fittings may be used for injection pump
suction and discharge piping subject to the following conditions:

• Tubing shall be fully supported within tubing tray.

• Tubing shall be labeled with service (chemical).

Deck penetrations shall be prohibited within the contained area of the chemical
storage tanks.

9.3 Sample Connections

Sample connections shall be installed in the side of piping rather than on the top
or bottom, and shall be as short as practical unless and otherwise specified by
P&ID’s.

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10 EROSION / CORROSION MONITORING

10.1 General

Coupons and probes shall be placed directly into the flow stream in piping
systems where the presence of sand or two-phase flow might cause erosion of
the piping or where an assessment of the rate of corrosion is required.

Monitoring shall be arranged in a compact manner that allows for ease of

installation and removal of coupons and probes without depressurizing the
piping system, ensuring the maximum safety to personnel performing the work,
and minimising the potential for the escape of process fluids.

Piping that commonly requires erosion monitoring equipment includes

production flow lines, manifolds, and headers upstream of the initial process
vessel. Unless specified otherwise, erosion monitoring equipment shall be of the
probe type if sand is present in the flow stream. Erosion monitoring devices for
other service conditions shall be of the coupon type.

10.2 Access Fittings

Access fittings shall be flanged type. The access fitting shall provide adequate
support for the coupon or probe holder, an accurate indication of the position of
the coupon or probe in the pipe and a protective cover for the probe holder.

Access fittings shall be of the same material as the piping to which they are
attached, and generally located at the top of the pipe. A minimum clearance of
2000mm shall be provided to allow access for removal tool, subject to
confirmation from Vendor, as per 5.4.

The plug body shall provide support for the coupon or probe and shall seal the
pressure of the piping system.

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11 INSTRUMENTATION

11.1 General

All instrumentation shall be installed as detailed within the Instrumentation

Installation Specification, document MPMY-IN-SPC-1007 and Instrument Design
Premise, document no. PGCA-IN-BOD-1-001.

In line instrumentation, as detailed on the P&IDs shall be taken into

consideration in the piping design.

Locally mounted instruments shall be mounted in positions that are readily

accessible from deck or from an operating platform with maintenance space of
750mm in front and height of 1800mm as a minimum. Mounting positions
generally shall be between 1000mm and 1700mm above the deck or access
platform, and easily within reach of operating personnel.

The first block valve of the instrument connection shall conform to the
requirements as outlined within COMPANY’s Isolation Design Guideline,
document MPMY-GE-GUI- 0002, and to the piping class of the line or the
equipment to which the instrument connects.

Recommended upstream and downstream straight pipe runs shall be provided

for in- line flow instruments as applicable.

Gas metering system shall not be located at a low point of piping system and the
configuration shall be such that the primary device shall be in self draining
position

A basket-type or bucket-type strainer shall be provided upstream of all positive

displacement meters, installed a maximum of ten pipe diameters upstream of the
meter, to permit cleaning without the necessity of draining long sections of pipe.

11.2 Control Valves

Control valve stations shall be located at deck level or easily accessible on a

service platform, and shall not be located in an overhead pipe rack under any
circumstances.

Control valve stations shall be oriented in the vertical position and shall have a
compact arrangement with sufficient clearance for removal and operation of all

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control, block and bypass valves, and associated instruments without requiring
disassembly of any other components.

Piping shall be self-supporting, and break flanges shall be installed upstream

and downstream, to allow control valve removal and maintenance.

Where a control valve is less than line size, an eccentric reducer shall be located
as close as possible to the valve with the flat side down to allow complete
drainage via a drain valve located between the control valve and the upstream
block valve.

Control valves in vapour recycle or flashing liquid service shall be located as

near as practical to the line termination. Generally, the downstream piping shall
be at least one nominal pipe size larger than the upstream line, and routed to
minimize the downstream pressure drop.

In some cases, pressure and/or flow conditions may vary sufficiently to require a
larger or smaller control valve in the future. If a different control valve is required,
the piping shall be designed for the larger size, and provisions made to facilitate
the change without major piping modifications, such as flanged spools.

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Rev. No. : C2

12 WELLHEADS FLOWLINES AND MANIFOLDS

12.1 General

The flowline design and layout shall avoid dead legs, take into consideration
independent wellhead movement due to wave action, and thermal growth, and
shall not obstruct access necessary for well servicing. The wellhead growth shall
be as per Project Pipe Stress Analysis Criteria Doc.No: PGCA-PI-BOD-1-001.

Generally, changes in direction shall not be permitted within 10 nominal pipe

diameters downstream of wellhead chokes or throttling valves. Where sand
production is anticipated changes in direction shall be made with cushion tees
with wellhead flow entering the straight end run and exit through the branch.
Where sand is not envisaged, normal tee blinded with cap should be acceptable.

Where there is space constraints between flowlines, compact flanges maybe

used in replacement of normal flanges.

For production flowlines a check valves shall be located immediately upstream

of the well manifold header tie-in block valve, and for injection flowlines a check
valve shall be located at the wellhead so that the entire flowline is protected from
backflow.

Piping injection and sampling connections shall be of minimum length and

protected from external mechanical damage. Assembly of the injection and
sampling connection shall be as described in the respective P&ID Legends.

Manifold headers shall be designed, arranged and installed so that future

expansion will not be obstructed by other piping or equipment. Short radius
elbows in manifold assemblies are prohibited and shall not be accepted under
any circumstances.

Safety devices on manifold headers and flowlines shall be designed and

installed in accordance with API RP 14C.

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13 EQUIPMENT INTERFACES

13.1 Pressure Vessels

Isolation of the vessel for inspection and maintenance shall be as per Isolation
Design Guideline, document MPMY-GE-GUI-0002.

For instrumentation connections, the first block valve off a vessel connection
shall use a piping class root valve in accordance with the appropriate piping
class specification.

All vessel connections shall be flanged with a minimum size of 2 inch.

Liquid outlet headers shall be piped to permit gravity drainage from the vessel.

Vessel drains operated only during shutdown periods may be provided with
plugs or blanks in lieu of permanently installed valves with COMPANY approval.

Vessel emergency shutdown valves shall be located within 10.0m of the vessel
measured horizontally. The total pipe length from the vessel nozzle to the valve
shall not exceed 15.0m. If, in addition to the normal control system, a manual
actuation station is required, it shall be located at grade close to the shutdown
valve in a location safe from fire exposure.

13.2 Heat Exchangers

Piping to shell and tube heat exchangers shall be arranged to provide easy
removal of shell covers, channel covers, channels and tube bundles, and the
exchanger as a complete unit. In addition the piping or check valves shall be
properly located to ensure that cooling medium will remain in the exchanger
should the cooling medium supply be lost.

The elevation of air cooled heat exchangers should ensure adequate

maintenance access for motors and fans, preferably without use of platforms.
The location of air cooled heat exchangers should minimise risk of hot air
recirculation from other heat exchangers.

Inlet and outlet headers for air cooled heat exchangers shall not be located over
or under the tube areas. Piping connections to split-header bundles shall be
designed to provide necessary flexibility to accommodate movements produced
by differential temperature within the bundle.

The location of plate exchangers must be such that adequate access for
maintenance and operability is maintained. The associated pipework should be
designed and supported so that adequate clearance is given to the back of the
exchanger for cleaning/removing the plates.

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Multiple bay heat exchangers shall be provided with a symmetrical inlet piping
arrangement, consisting of multiple cascading headers to equalize the flow to
each bundle.

13.3 Rotating Equipment

Piping at pumps, compressors, turbines, etc., shall be designed with sufficient

flexibility to ensure that under no circumstances will the nozzles of the
equipment be subjected to stresses that could disturb the proper alignment,
internal clearance, or otherwise affect the trouble-free operation of the
equipment.

Piping shall be designed and supported allowing the equipment to be dismantled

or removed, without requiring temporary supports or the removal of piping, other
than designated removable spools.

The required straight run of pipe connection to the suction of equipment shall be
in accordance with Manufacturer’s recommendation and for equipment that
operates in parallel will be of symmetrical layout, not mirror image where
possible.

To protect the pumps and compressors from ingress of harmful material, during
commissioning and initial operation, temporary fine mesh strainers shall be
provided in suction lines, as a minimum requirement, unless a permanent
strainer is required.

Where a bypass line with isolation valve is provided, the pressure rating of
bypass piping, bypass valve and suction valve shall be of the same pressure
rating as the discharge piping.

Check valves installed on the discharge shall be located as close to the

discharge nozzle as feasible but downstream of the recycle connection and shall
be quick response, non-slam type. The required straight run of the respective
non-slam check valve shall be in accordance with Manufacturer’s
recommendation.

The acceleration effects exhibited by reciprocating pumps and compressors

shall be accounted for in the design of associated piping systems. The use of
pulsation dampeners or volume bottles shall be utilised to assure compliance
with the limitations of maximum piping vibration levels as stipulated in the project
specific Pipe Stress Design Criteria or by equipment Vendor.

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13.3.1 Pumps

Suction and discharge block valves shall be located as close as possible to the
pump to permit removal of the pump without having to drain an excessive
amount of liquid.

Pump NPSH requirements are to be considered when designing inlet piping.

Pump suction lines shall fall from a vessel toward the pump if vapours may be
present with eccentric reducers piped flat on top to eliminate vapour pockets.

Shock absorbers or flexible connections shall be provided on reciprocating

pumps if quick closing or remote control valves are installed in the discharge line
in order to prevent shock and minimize stress on the pump, however these
requirements are subjected to pipe stress analysis.

13.3.2 Compressors

Suction scrubbers shall be located such that the piping upstream of the suction
scrubber and between the scrubber and the compressor shall drain freely to the
scrubber.

Where compressors are connected to a common header, the piping system shall
be designed to accommodate variations in piping temperatures that result from
all combinations of operating and non-operating units.

Where pulsation dampeners are provided, the suction scrubber shall be located
upstream of the pulsation dampener.

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Rev. No. : C2

14 UTILITY SYSTEMS

14.1 Fuel and Utility Gas

Piping shall be routed to avoid liquid traps, if at all possible. If liquid traps cannot
be avoided, a condensate leg with a ¾ inch block valve (with a plug or blind
flange) shall be installed at the low point.

Valved vents shall be provided at high points to release trapped air from the
piping high points. On purge gas systems, all vents shall be accessible from
platforms or deck.

Fuel gas distribution headers shall be arranged for uniform distribution of gas.
Headers shall be located above the burners and shall be provided with drains
installed at low points, complete with plugs or blind flanges.

Blanket gas regulators and valves shall be located as close to the equipment as
possible, but shall be accessible from deck or a platform.

Purge gas block valves and blow down valves shall be located as close as
possible to the loading valve or system terminating point opposite the flare
header.

14.2 Instrument Air

Air distribution piping should be arranged with headers and sub-headers and,
where practicable, form a ring main at each deck level. Sufficient isolation valves
shall be provided to ensure that selected sections of the main, or groups of
users, can be isolated without affecting the air supply to other users.

All headers, sub-headers, branches and supply lines shall be properly sized
based on instrument air usage. The minimum size for instrument air headers
shall be 2 inch, for sub-headers 1-½ inch, and for branch lines shall be ¾ inch,
or as indicated in the respective P&IDs.

Sub-headers shall be provided, evenly spaced, along the entire length of the
header, with a minimum of 20% spare connections provided complete with block
valves and plugs or blind flanges.

Instrument air supply lines shall be taken from the top of the header, sub-header
or branch, and provided with a block valve.

Branches will terminate at a valve manifold serving several instruments which

shall be clearly identified with the instrument tag number.

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14.3 Utility Air

Air distribution piping should be arranged with headers and sub-headers and
where practicable, form a ring main at each deck level. Sufficient isolation valves
shall be provided to ensure that selected sections of the main or groups of users
can be isolated without affecting the air supply to other users.

The minimum size for utility air headers shall be 2 inch and for hose station
branches 1 inch.

Branch connections shall be located on the top of the main header, and block
valves shall be supplied for each branch connection.

Hose stations shall be provided in sufficient quantities, and located to provide full
deck area coverage utilizing hoses in 15.0m sections. They shall be mounted on
structural members approximately 1200mm above the deck shall be provided
with a 1inch ball valve and a 1 inch quick disconnect fitting.

Utility air system shall also be provided with additional connection for temporary
air compressor supply through a check valve and an isolation valve.

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15 PRESSURE RELIEVING SYSTEMS

15.1 General

Pressure relieving systems shall be designed in accordance with API RP 520,

Recommended Practice for the Design and Installation of Pressure-Relieving
Systems in Refineries, Part II and API RP 521, Guide for Pressure Relief and
Depressuring Systems.

Pressure relief piping shall be designed to accommodate thermal contraction

resulting from auto-refrigeration of flashing liquids and expanding gases, and to
accommodate thermal expansion caused by sudden heating as a result of high
temperature release.

Relief and blowdown lines shall be supported to minimise discharge impact

forces and stresses on the relief valve and associated piping.

Relief headers for pressure relieving systems shall be routed as straight as

possible minimizing the number of fittings and elevation changes. Piping and
headers shall include a minimum slope as specified in P&ID’s in the direction of
relief flow, and liquid pockets and traps shall be avoided.

Relief systems with two or more relief valves shall be designed and arranged so
that one valve does not discharge directly into the other.

15.2 Relief Valves

Relief valves shall be mounted as close as possible to the equipment or

pressure system being protected, and shall be installed in the upright position
with the spindle vertical.

Valves installed on the inlet and discharge on pressure relief valves shall be full
bore, and shall be equipped with locking devices to prevent unauthorised closing
of the valves.

When rupture disks are located upstream of a relief valve, the pressure relieving
system shall be designed so that if the disk ruptures, the fragments do not
interfere with the relief valve seating.

Where relief valves, in non-hydrocarbon services discharge to atmosphere, the

discharge line shall be a minimum of 3000 mm above all adjacent platforms or
walkways. The discharge line shall also have a drain hole at the low point of the

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line. Prevailing wind direction shall be taken into consideration in deciding the
location of such relief valve discharges.

Relief valves shall be connected to vessels in the vapour space above any
contained liquid.

Positive displacement equipment shall be provided with pressure relief device to

safe guard against over-pressurisation due to blocked discharge valve.

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Rev. No. : C2

16 FLARE AND VENT SYSTEMS

16.1 General

The design of flare and vent systems shall be as per Process Design Criteria,
document MPMY-PR-BOD-0001 and Process Design Premise, document no.
PGCA-PR-BOD-1-001.

Typically HP flare, LP flare and atmospheric vent systems shall be provided and
piping is routed via combination of lines, sub headers and headers. The KO
drum shall be provided at the low point within the flare system to collect and
recover any liquids which shall be routed back to the process. All flare system
piping shall slope down to the flare KO drum and stack piping shall slope back to
the flare KO drum.

Check valves are prohibited in this system and the use of block valves shall be
minimised. Where required block valves shall be of full bore type and locked
open position.

To prevent AIV failures, a study shall be performed for all relief and blowdown
valves piping in gas service with design pressure above 70 barg, the study shall
be in accordance with the Energy Institute Guidelines for the Avoidance of
Vibration Induced Fatigue Failure in Process Pipework.

16.2 Flare and Vent

Flare shall be of the boom type, and located on the platform .

Flare shall be supported by a common flare structure wherever practicable, and

consideration shall be given to maintenance and replacement of the flare tips.

Vent to safe location shall terminate in a vertical run and shall be located a
minimum of 3000 mm above any operating platform within a 7500 mm radius.

The flare structure shall be designed in accordance with the requirements as

outlined within the Structural Design Criteria, document MPMY-ST-BOD-0001.

Any requirement for passive fire protection of the flare structure shall be
identified as part of the Fire and Explosion Risk Analysis (FERA)

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17 VENTS, DRAINS, AND FLUSHING SYSTEMS

17.1 Vent Connections

Vent connections, with permanent block valves, including plugs or blinds, shall
be provided at all piping high points, adequately sized to vent piping within a
reasonable period of time, but shall be ¾ inch as a minimum.

Where pump vents are connected to vapour space of vessel to facilitate priming
or for operation under vacuum, such vents shall be provided with one isolation
valve at the pump end and the other isolation valve at the vessel end.

17.2 Drainage Systems

The design of drainage systems shall be as per Process Design Criteria,

document MPMY-PR-BOD-0001 and and Process Design Premise, document
no. PGCA-PR-BOD-1-001.

The drainage systems shall be completely independent of one another, and

segregated into the open non-hazardous, open hazardous and closed drain
systems as outlined on the P&IDs.

Drain connections with permanent block valves shall be provided at all piping
low points, sized to drain the piping within a reasonable period of time under
gravity conditions, i.e. not pressurized. As a minimum, drains shall be ¾inch on
lines unless specify otherwise in P&IDs.

The open drain systems shall ensure that water will drain properly and does not
stand or pond at any location. Separate hazardous and non-hazardous gravity
drain headers shall be provided, as required, for each deck level. A minimum
slope of 1:100 should be maintained for open drain system and free draining for
closed drain system.

Drain headers shall be located below the deck level. Liquid seals shall be
provided for all hazardous open deck drains and at each header and to main
drain down comer interface.

Sizing of sanitary drains shall be based on Uniform Plumbing Code fixture unit
values. The minimum size for any single branch into a header shall be 4inch.
The minimum size for any header containing the flow of two or more branch lines
shall be 6 inch. All sanitary drain piping shall slope a minimum of 1/50 of pipe
run.

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Rev. No. : C2

18 FIREWATER SYSTEM PIPING

18.1 General

Fire water on the facility shall be distributed via a ring main system. The fire
water ring main will supply all of the automatic / manual fixed water systems,
which include fire water deluge systems, monitors, hydrants and hose reels. The
firewater system shall be designed in accordance with the relevant NFPA
requirement.

The fire water ring main shall be routed in such a way as to minimize the risk of
damage from dropped object, fire and explosions. Readily accessible manually
operated isolation valves are to be installed within the fire water ring main to
allow for isolation of any damaged sections or for general maintenance activities.

Fire water system piping shall use GRE for all pipe sizes. Maximum velocities
considered for fire water system piping during full flow condition are 5 m/s for
continuous service and 10 m/s for intermittent service.

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19 PIPING DESIGN AND DOCUMENTATION

19.1 General

All Pegaga piping shall be executed within a 3D PDMS computer model

environment which includes all equipment, structure, field instrumentation, cable
rack and tray, ducting, etc to provide a complete physical model of the facilities.

Comprehensive review of the 3D PDMS model at regular stages during the

development of the design will be undertaken and only after the model is
complete and ready for construction and the relevant drawings can be produced
for fabrication purposes.

Contractor shall utilize industry standard drawing practices as a minimum in

executing the work. Piping drawings shall show complete assembly and
installation details for all piping except piping mounted on skid packages
including all components required for fabrication, instrument installation points,
all vent, drain and purge points, and all vessel and equipment connection points.
All valves, insulation, anchors, guides, shoes, instruments, and their ancillary
components shall also be depicted in piping drawings.

Arrows shall be drawn on piping centrelines to indicate the direction of flow.

19.2 Equipment Layouts

Equipment Layouts shall reflect the overall design philosophy and geometry of
the facility, and show the outline and location of all major equipment as specified
by all disciplines. The drawings shall also show main access and maintenance
ways, drop- out and loading areas, and fire/blast walls. Perimeter dimensions
and dimensions between main grid lines shall be shown.

The equipment layouts shall provide the basis for other disciplines layout
drawing requirements, and shall be updated to reflect any approved changes
found necessary.

True north, platform north and prevailing wind direction shall be shown, and all
elevations shall be taken from the Mean Sea Level (MSL).

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19.3 Piping Plans

Piping plans shall be prepared to provide an overview of the piping layout and
pipe support locations at agreed elevations throughout the facilities, supported
by sections to clarify the piping plans, in particular flowlines, and the assembly
between piping and equipment or vessels.

19.4 Detail Drawings

Enlarged views and details shall be generated from PDMS 3D model as

necessary to illustrate, explain and confirm full details at intersections,
congested areas or where several lines converge.

Standard pipe support details may be developed and utilised where this is
considered advantageous. Full calculations shall be provided for COMPANY’s
review for all standard drawings. For special pipe support, detail drawings of
each pipe support shall be provided.

19.5 Shop Isometric / Spool Drawings

Shop and/or spool drawings shall be provided for fabrication purposes only.

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