Mole Concept & Stoichiometry

ICSE Chemistry – Class X

Some Important points for revision:
✓ Gay-Lussac’s Law: The volumes of gases used and produced in a chemical reaction are in ratios of simple
whole numbers provided the temperature and pressure remain constant.
✓ Avogadro’s Law: Under the same conditions of temperature and pressure equal volumes of all gases contain
the same number of molecules.
✓ Avogadro’s Number; NA: The number of atoms present in 12 g C12 isotope of carbon is called Avogadro’s
number, Denoted by NA such that NA = 6.023 x 1023
✓ Avogadro’s Number can also be defined as molecular weight (for a compound) or atomic weight (for an
element) expressed in grams at STP containing a fixed number of molecules or atoms which is equal to
6.023 x 1023 molecules or atoms.
✓ The atomicity of an element is defined as the number of atoms of an element present in one molecule of a
substance or compound. Molecules that contain one atom are called monoatomic molecules, example Inert
gases are monoatomic. Molecules that contain two atoms in their molecules are called diatomic molecules,
example oxygen, hydrogen, chlorine are diatomic. Molecules that contain more than two atoms in their
molecules are called polyatomic molecules, example ozone, sulphur, phosphorous are polyatomic.
✓ The Relative Atomic Mass, RAM, of an element is the number of times one atom of an element is heavier
than the 1/12th mass of an atom of carbon (C12).
✓ Gram Atomic Mass is the atomic mass of an element expressed in grams.
✓ The Relative Molecular Mass, RMM, of an element or compound is the mass of a molecule of the element or
the compound, compared with the 1/12th mass of an atom of C12.
✓ One gram molecular mass of a gas contains 6.023 x 10 23 number of molecules.
✓ A Mole is the amount of substance that contains the same number of units(ions, atoms, particles) as the
number of units (ions, atoms, particles) that are present in 12.000g of C12 isotope of carbon.
✓ The Molar Volume or Gram Molecular Volume or Standard Molar Volume is the volume occupied by one
gram molecular mass (1 mole) of a gas at STP and is equal to 22.4 litres/dm 3.
✓ One Mole of any substance contains 6.023 x 10 23 number( Avogadro’s Number) of particles and is also equal
to the Gram Molecular Mass of the substance.
✓ Molecular formula of a compound is the formula that shows the actual number of atoms of different
elements present in a molecule of a compound whereas Empirical Formula is the formula that shows the
simplest ratio of atoms of different elements present in a molecule of a compound.
✓ The Relative Vapour Density of a gas or vapour is the ratio of mass of a certain volume of the gas or vapour
to the mass of an equal volume of hydrogen under the same conditions of temperature and pressure.

Problems Based on Gay Lussacs Law

I. 80 cm3 of methane is mixed with 200 cm3 of pure oxygen at room temperature pressure and ignited.
Calculate the composition of the resulting mixture, if it is cooled to initial room temperature and pressure.
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
II. 200 cm of carbon dioxide is collected at STP when a mixture of acetylene (ethyne) and oxygen is ignited.
3

Calculate the volumes of acetylene and oxygen at STP in the original mixture.
2C2H2 (g) + 5O2 (g) → 4CO2 (g) + 2H2O (l)
III. 200 cm3 of ethylene (ethene) is burnt in just sufficient air (20 % oxygen) to form carbon dioxide and steam.
Find the composition of the resulting mixture.
C2H4 (g) + 3O2 (g) → 2CO2 (g) + 2H2O (g)
IV. Carbon monoxide combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide according to the following equation:
2CO (g) + O2 (g) → 2CO2 (g)
 200 cm3 of carbon monoxide is mixed with 100 cm3 of oxygen at room temperature and ignited. Calculate the
volume of carbon dioxide formed when cooled to room temperature. What other gas, if any, may also be
present?
V. A mixture of 800 litres of nitrogen and hydrogen is allowed to react to form ammonia. Calculate the volumes
of nitrogen and hydrogen in the reaction mixture and the volumes of ammonia thus formed:
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) → 2NH3 (g)

Problems Based on Avogadro’s Law/ Number, Mole Concept,

Vapour density, Molecular weight
I. How many grams of oxygen are there in 2 moles of molecular oxygen? [ O = 16]
II. How many grams of nitrogen are there in 0.01 mole of molecular nitrogen? [N = 14]
III. How many moles of iron are there in 112 g of iron? [ Fe = 56]
IV. How many molecules are there in 3.2 g of SO 2? [O= 16, S = 32, NA = 6.023 x 1023]
V. How many particles are there in 0.1 mole of a substance? [N A = 6.023 x 1023]
VI. How many hydrogen atoms are there in 0.1 mole of H2SO4? [NA = 6.023 x 1023]
VII. A gas cylinder can hold 1 Kg of hydrogen gas at room temperature and pressure:
a) Calculate the weight of carbon dioxide it can hold under similar conditions of temperature and
pressure.
b) If the number of molecules of hydrogen in the cylinder is X, calculate the number of molecules of
carbon dioxide in the cylinder? [ C = 12, O = 16, H = 1]
VIII. 16 g of oxygen and 3 g of hydrogen are mixed and kept in a vessel at 760 mm of Hg pressure at 0 oC. What is
the volume occupied by the mixture?
IX. Calculate the mass of a mixture of gases of 11.2 litres of hydrogen and 8 liters of nitrogen at STP?
X. What is the relative molecular mass of a gas, if the mass of 1 litre of it measured at STP is:
(a) 0.0899 g
(b) 1.96 g
XI. Calculate the volume occupied by 7 g of nitrogen at STP?
XII. Calculate the following:
(a) The mass of one molecule of water? [H = 1, O = 16, N A = 6.023 x 1023]
(b) The mass of one molecule of methane, CH 4? [C = 12, H = 1, NA = 6.023 x 1023 ]
(c) The mass of 11.2 litres of carbon dioxide gas at STP? [ C = 12, O = 16 ]
XIII. A gas cylinder filled with hydrogen contains 5 g of the gas. The same cylinder holds 85 g of a gas under the
same conditions of temperature and pressure. Calculate the ;
(i) Vapour density of the gas.
(ii) Molecular weight of the gas.
XIV. 100 cm3 of oxygen contains Y molecules. How many molecules of nitrogen will be present in 50 cm 3 of
nitrogen under the same conditions of temperature and pressure?
XV. If the densities of hydrogen and a gas Z are 0.09 g per litre and 1.35 g per litre at STP respectively, Calculate
the:
(i) Vapour density of Z
(ii) Molecular weight of Z.

Problems Based on Percentage Composition, Empirical and Molecular

Formula
I. Calculate the percentage of nitrogen in ammonium nitrate, NH 4NO3, [H = 1, N = 14, O = 16]
II. Find the total percentage of oxygen in magnesium nitrate crystals, Mg (NO3)2.6H2O. [H = 1, N = 14, O = 16, Mg
= 24]
III. Calculate the empirical formula of a compound which has the following percentage composition: Na = 43.4%,
C = 11.3% and O = 45.3% [ Na = 23, C = 12, O = 16]
IV. An organic compound has the following percentage composition: C = 26.67%, H = 2.2% and O = 71.13%, the
vapour density of the organic compound is 45. Calculate the Empirical formula and Molecular formula of the
compound? [ C = 12, H = 1, O = 16]

Calculations based on Chemical Equations

I. Calculate the mass of calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2, which would be formed by treating 148 g of calcium
hydroxide, Ca(OH)2 with an excess of dilute nitric acid. [Ca = 40, O = 16, N = 14, H = 1]
Hint: you need to frame the chemical equation first and balance it.

II. Calculate the mass of lead which would be obtained by heating 34.25 g of lead oxide (red lead, Pb 3O4)
in a stream of hydrogen and the mass of water formed at the same time. [ Pb = 207, H = 1, O = 16]
Hint: I am giving the equation below for your convenience:
Pb3O4 + 4H2 → 3Pb + 4H2O

III. What weight of sulphuric acid will be required to dissolve 3 g of magnesium carbonate? [Mg = 24, C =
12, O = 16, S = 32], Hint: equation is given below:
MgCO3 + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + CO2 + H2O

IV. What volume of hydrogen gas measured at 20oC and 750 mm pressure will be evolved by dissolving
completely 20 g of zinc in an excess of hydrochloric acid? [Zn = 65, H = 1 ]

V. Calcium nitrate decomposes on heating according to the following equation:

2Ca (NO3)2 → 2CaO + 4NO2 + O2
Calculate the:
(i) Volume of nitrogen dioxide obtained at STP?
(ii) Weight of calcium oxide obtained when 16.4 g of calcium nitrate is heated to constant weight.
[Ca = 40, N = 14, O = 16]

VI. From the equation:

C + 2H2SO4 → CO2 + 2H2O + 2SO2
Calculate the:
(i) Mass of carbon required to react completely with 19.6 g of H 2SO4.
(ii) Volume of sulphur dioxide measured at STP liberated at the same time?
(iii) Volume of carbon dioxide measured at STP liberated along with sulphur dioxide.

Important ADVICE:
MY MOST DEAR STUDENTS - Believe in yourself, watch my videos on this chapter several times to
understand how the numericals have been solved, look for the solved examples in the text book, put a lot of
effort from your end, the above numericals have been selected by keeping in mind the qualitative
understanding which is very important. AND MOST IMPORTANTLY UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPT
WILL BE MORE BENEFICIAL IN THE LONG RUN. TAKE CARE AND TAKE MY WORDS VERY
SERIOUSLY.

Sanjay Verma