HNDIT1108

English for Technology I

Week 2 – Active Voice

 Objectives

At the end of this chapter, students should be able to:

• identify active voice sentences
• write active voice sentences accurately
• use active voice sentences accurately
In active voice, the person denoted by the
subject acts. The doer is highlighted in the
active voice.

eg: She helps me.

I am talking to you.
 Simple Tense
Simple tense is a sentence consisting only one
clause, with a subject and a verb and it
expresses a complete thought.

eg: She goes to collage daily.

She loves kids.

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 Simple Present
• Simple present sentence is used:
1. to express habitual actions
eg: He drinks tea every morning.

2. to express general truths

eg: The sun rises in the east.

3. to express a future event that is a part of a fixed

time table or fixed program
eg: The match starts at 9 o’clock.

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 Negative and Question forms of
Simple Present
eg: P.S. She goes to school.
P.Q. Does she go to school?
N.S. She does not go to school.
N.Q. Doesn’t she go to school?

P.S. They go to school.

P.Q. Do they go to school?
N.S. They don’t go to school.
N.Q. Don’t they go to school?
 Simple Past

• The simple past tense is a verb tense

indicating action that occurred in the past.
eg: She ate rice.
They worked hard.

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Negative and Question forms of
Simple Past
She went to school.
Did she go to school?
She didn’t go to school.
Didn’t she go to school.

They went to school.

Did they go to school?
They didn’t go to school.
Didn’t they go to school?
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 Simple Future

• Simple future is a form of the verb that

refers to an action or event that has not
yet begun.

eg: I will come tomorrow.

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 Negative and Question forms of
Simple Future
She will go to school.
Will she go to school?
She will not go to school.
Won’t she go to school?

They will go to school.

Will they go to school?
They will not go to school.
Won’t they go to school?
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 Continuous Tense
The continuous tense refers to an action that
is, was and will be happening at the time of
speaking. The continuous tense is formed with
the verb 'be' + -ing form of the verb.
eg: I am going.
She will be leaving.
 Present Continuous

The Present Continuous is used:

1. For an action going on at the time of
speaking
eg: She is running. (now)

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2. For a temporary action which may not be actually
happening at the time of speaking
eg: I am reading “Madol duwa” these days.

3. For an action that has already been arranged to take

place in the near future
eg: I am going to the cinema tonight.
My uncle is arriving tomorrow.
 Negative and Question forms of
Present Continuous
He is playing cricket.
Is he playing cricket?
He isn’t playing cricket.
Isn’t he playing cricket?

They are playing cricket.

Are they playing cricket?
They aren’t playing cricket.
Aren’t they playing cricket?
 Past Continuous

• The Past continuous refers to an action which

was happening in the past.
Eg:I was having lunch.
He was walking along the road.

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 Negative and Question forms of
Past Continuous
He was playing cricket.
Was he playing cricket?
He wasn’t playing cricket.
Wasn’t he playing cricket?

They were playing cricket.

Were they playing cricket?
They weren’t playing cricket.
Weren’t they playing cricket?
 Future Continuous
• The Future continuous refers to an action will
be happening at a time in the future.

Eg: I will be having lunch with my

friends at that time.

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 Negative and Question forms of
Future Continuous
He will be playing cricket.
Will he be playing cricket?
He won’t be playing cricket.
Won’t he be playing cricket?

They will be playing cricket.

Will they be playing cricket?
They won’t be playing cricket.
Won’t they be playing cricket?
 Perfect Continuous Tense
• The perfect continuous tense (perfect
progressive tense) is formed using has/have
been + the present participle.
Eg: She has been eating for two hours

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 Present Perfect continuous
• Present Perfect Continuous refers to actions
which have started in the past and continue till
present.
• This tense is formed using has / have been +
present participle of the verb.
eg: You have been learning English for more than
ten years.
She has been watering the garden.
He has been sleeping for five hours.
 Negative and Question forms of
Present Perfect Continuous
She has been working since Monday.
Has she been working since Monday?
She hasn’t been working since Monday.
Hasn’t she been working since Monday?

They have been working since Monday.

Have they been working since Monday?
They haven’t been working since Monday.
Haven’t they been working since Monday?
 Past Perfect continuous
• The past perfect continuous tense (past perfect
progressive tense) refers to an action that
started in the past and continued till another
time in the past.
• This tense is formed using had been + present
participle of the verb.
Eg: She had been eating.

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 Negative and Question forms of
Past Perfect Continuous
She had been working since Monday.
Had she been working since Monday?
She hadn’t been working since Monday.
Hadn’t she been working since Monday?

They had been working since Monday.

Had they been working since Monday?
They hadn’t been working since Monday.
Hadn’t they been working since Monday?
 Future Perfect continuous
• The activity will have begun sometime in the
past, present, or in the future, and is expected to
continue in the future.
• This consists of will + have + been + present
participle of the verb.
eg: In August, I will have been learning in this
institute for two years.

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 Negative and Question forms of
Future Perfect Continuous
She will have been working for 5 days.
Will she have been working for 5 days?
She won’t have been working for 5 days.
Won’t she have been working for 5 days?

They will have been working for 5 days.

Will they have been working for 5 days?
They won’t have been working for 5 days.
Won’t they have been working for 5 days?
 Perfect tense
• Perfect tense used to indicate a completed
action or condition.

eg: She has studied for the examination.

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 Present Perfect tense
The present perfect is used
 to indicate completed activities in the
immediate past. (with just)
Eg: She has just gone out.
They have just started the meeting.

to express past actions in which time is not

given and not definite
Eg: Have you read Madolduwa?
 to describe past events when we think more of
their effects in the present than of the action
itself.
Eg: My sister has eaten all the biscuits.

 to denote an action beginning at sometime in the

past and continuing to the present moment.
(with since or for)
 Eg: I have known him for ten years.
 Negative and Question forms of
Present Perfect
She has completed the work.
Has she completed the work?
She hasn’t completed the work.
Hasn’t she completed the work?

They have built a house.

Have they built a house?
They haven’t built a house.
Haven’t they built a house?
 Past Perfect tense
• This tense indicates that an action was
completed at some point in the past before
something else happened.

Eg: She had studied for the examination.

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 Negative and Question forms of
Past Perfect

She had completed the work.

Had she completed the work?
She hadn’t completed the work.
Hadn’t she completed the work?
 Future Perfect tense
• This tense refers to an action that will have
been completed at some point in
the future.
• This tense is formed with "will" + "have" +
the past participle of the verb.
Eg: She will have studied for the
examination.

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 Negative and Question forms of
Future Perfect

She will have completed the work.

Will she have completed the work?
She won’t have completed the work.
Won’t she have completed the work?

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 References
Wren & Martin. (2004) High School English Grammar & composition. S.Chand
& Company Ltd. New Delhi.