Math Preliminary Notes

Earning and Managing Money

Annual Leave Loading (holiday pay)
ALL = 17.5 x W x N W = number of weeks leave
N = weekly wage

Over Time
 Time & half – 1.5 x b
 Double time – 2 x b b = base rate
 Triple time – 3 x b

Commission
 % of the value of goods sold
I.e., multiply commission (%) by price/sales etc.

Allowable Tax Deductions

1) Work related fees
2) Travel fees
3) Clothing fees

Taxable Income
 Gross income minus any allowable deductions
Gross income = total amount of money earned from all sources
 TI = gross income – allowable deductions

Deductions & Net Incomes - Superannuation

 Net income  before deductions - Income tax
- Union fee
Calculating Tax
 5 tax brackets given to you in the exam
 Tax rate % = ^ the more you earn
 Formulae & Equations
Stopping Distance
SD = reaction time distance + breaking distance

Blood Alcohol Content (BAC)

BAC male = 10N – 7.5H
6.8M N = number of drinks
H = hours drinking
BAC female = 10N – 7.5H M = mass (kg)
5.5M

Number of hours to wait before driving = BAC

0.015

Medication

Fried’s Rule Young’s rule Clarks rule

1 – 2 years age 1 – 12 years age general rule for kids

Age (months) x ad age (years) x ad Weight (kg) x ad

150 age (years) + 12 70

FR = vol (mL) /time (hours)

DR = FR x number of drops / mL given
 Measurement and Energy
Converting Units of Length

Accuracy in Measurement Absolute error = upper & lower limit

Example – 103cm
Upper limit + 0.5. Lower limit – 0.5
Relative error = AE/ measurement
= 103.5 = 102.5

Percentage error = (AE/measurement) x100

Significant Figures (SF)

A zero counts as a SF if it’s the last digit or in-between two digits.

Power
1 Watt (W)  1 joule per second

Food & Nutrition

Food energy  kilojoules (KJ) 1 calorie = 4.184 KJ 1 KJ is 1000 joules
 Relative Frequency & Probability
Probability
 The chance or likelihood of an event occurring.

Sample Space
 The set of all possible outcomes.
Example: the toss of one coin = heads or tails

Calculating Probability
 When a random experiment is performed, the result or outcome is called the ‘event’
P (E) = probability of an event

Equally Likely Outcomes

 A deck of cards, 13 in each set  fair

Multistage Event
 Consists of 2 or more events (tossing a coin)

Relative Frequency
 Estimate for the probability of an event
RF = frequency of the data value
Total number of data values
 Perimeter, Area & Volume
Perimeter Formulas
Shape Formula Variables
Square P=4 s s is the length of the
side of the square.
Rectangle P=2 L+2 W L and W are the lengths
of the rectangle’s sides
(length and width)
Triangle a+ b+c a, b and c are the three
side lengths.
Right tringle, with legs a and P=a+b+ √a 2+ b2 a and b are the lengths
b of the two legs of the
triangle.
Circle P=C=2 πr=πd r is the radius and d is
the diameter.

Area Formulas
Shape Formula Variables
Square A=s 2 s is the length of the
side of the square.
Rectangle A=LW L and W are the lengths
of the rectangle's sides
(length and width).
Triangle 1 b and h are the base and
A= bh
2 height
Parallelogram A=bh b is the length of the
base and h is the height.
Trapezoid b 1+b 2 b1 and b2 are the
A= h
2 lengths of the parallel
sides and h the distance
(height) between the
parallels.
Circle A=π r 2 r is the radius.

Triangle A=√ s (s−a)( s−b)( s−c) a, b and c are the side

a+ b+c lengths and s are the
where s=
2 semi perimeter.
 Perimeter, Area & Volume
Volume Formulas
Shape Formula Variables
Cube V =s 3 s is the length of the side.
Right rectangular prism V =LWH L is the length; W is the
width and H is the height.
Prism or cylinder V = Ah A is the area of the base and
h is the is the height.
Pyramid or cone 1 A is the area of the base and
V = Ah
3 h is the height.
Sphere 4 r is the radius.
V = π r3
3

Capacity
Megalitre  ML The amount of liquid a container
Kilolitre  KL can hold.
Millilitre  mL
 Data Collection
Survey
Collection of data.

Sample
Smaller group or subject of the population.

Population
Defined group being surveyed.

Conducting a Survey
1) Collect
2) Organise
3) Display (summarise)
4) Analyse
5) Conclude

Census
Survey done by the entire population; time consuming
- Done by the ABS every 4 years (online)

Sampling
4 types:
1) Self-selected: selected by the researcher.
2) Random: every item in the population has an even chance of being selected.
3) Stratified: the division of a population are selected according to a random starting
point.
4) Systematic: members of a population are selected according to a random starting
point.

Types of data
1) Numerical
 Discrete: has gaps, e.g., number of pets
 Continues: no gaps, e.g., racing time
2) Categorical:
 Ordinal: low, medium, high, e.g., clothing size
 Nominal: red, blue, e.g., eye colour
 Data Collection
Dot plots

  1 person’s data

Stem and Leaf plot

Stem  ten’s digit

Leaf  one’s digit
Back-to-Back Steam and Leaf Plot
 Data Collection
Skewing

Grouped Frequency Tables

frequency x group
mean=
∑ of frequency

Box Plot (box and whiskers)

Five number summaries:

1) Minimum (min)
2) Quartile 1 (Q1)
3) Median (Q2)
4) Quartile 3 (Q3)
5) Maximum (max)

Measures of spread:
1) Range: highest – lowest
2) IQR: UQ – IQ
3) SD: calculation formula (sx on calculator)

Measures of location:
1) Mode: most frequent
n+1
2) Median: middle value ¿
2
3) Mean: sum of numbers / number of data
Data Collection
Describing Distributions