LESSON IN ART EDUCATION AND APPRECIATION

ART - is subjective and there is no universal definition of it. People differ in their perception of an object or thing.
PLATO - Art is that which brings life in harmony with the world.
EDWARD DEGAS - Art is not what you see but what you make others see.
PABLO PICASSO - Art is a lie that helps us to realize the truth.
LEONARDO DA VINCI - Art is never finished, only abandoned.
•Art is man-made, not God made. Art is creative, not imitative. Art benefits and satisfies man – when he uses art in practical life through artistic
principles, taste, and skills. Art is expressed through a certain medium or material by which the artist communicates himself.

Importance of art
•Art highlights and heightens the importance of certain events in order to keep them memorable and pleasurable.
•Art enables us to get a glimpse of the thoughts, feelings, and beliefs of the people in their time and the faces in their environment.
•Art enables us to value and appreciate beautiful things as a consequence of our encounter with arts.
•Art may influence us to change our ways and behavior as a result of the aesthetic experience we derived from the arts.
•Arts are valuable sources of inspirations and aesthetic delightful experience through the artist works of art.
They can develop:
•Creativity •Identity •Self-awareness
•Self-confidence •Sense of well-being

Through participation in:

• Music •Drama •Visual Art

• Dancing •Media Art

WHAT IS ART APPRECIATION AND WHY IS IT IMPORTANT? •Don’t just teach art but teach them to think like an artist.
Creativity- •Are humans naturally creative?

Art appreciation is:

1.The ability to interpret and understand man-made arts and enjoy them through actual work experience with art tools and materials
2.The possession of the works of art for one’s admiration and satisfaction
3.The knowledge and understanding of the general and everlasting qualities that classify all great arts
4.The introduction and exploration of visual and performing art forms
5.The analysis of the form of an art work to general audience to enhance their enjoyment and satisfaction of the works of art.

Art appreciation is important:

1.Imagination
2.Connect past, present, and the future
3.Introduce different places, cultures and traditions through literature, films, visual arts etc.
4.Empathize with those suffered and endured to create an artwork.

ART HISTORY - Refers to the historical development and stylistic context of the objects of arts (painting, sculpture, and architecture; minor arts
like ceramics, furniture, and other decorative arts.
BRIEF HISTORY OF ART : ART CRITISM , AESTHETIC , ART PRODUCTION

TYPES OF ART
•VISUAL ART •PERFORMING ARTS
1.PAINTING 1. DANCE
2.SCULPTURE 2. MUSIC
3.ARCHITECTURE 3. THEATRE/FILM

Art Movement - refers to the tendency of style in art that has a specific common philosophy or goal. It consists of group of artists during a
restricted period of time.

Basic examples of art movement

Cave painting – prehistoric art (around 38,000 BCE). Even if the EXACT purpose of it is unknown, here are some theories that might explain it:
1.Decorations
2.Way of communication
3.Religious rituals/Ceremonials

Ancient Egyptian art - Consists of visual arts like painting, sculpture, architecture etc. (3000 BC to 30 AD). The surviving art comes from
tombs and monument with a great emphasis on life after death and the preservation of the past.

Greek art - is mainly five forms: architecture, sculpture, painting, poetry and jewelry making. It absorbed influences of Eastern civilization,
Roman Art and its patrons, and the new religion of Orthodox Christianity in the Byzantine Era, and Italian and European ideas.

Chinese painting - Traditional painting involves the same techniques as calligraphy and is done with a brush dipped in black ink or colored
pigments; oils are not used.

JAPANESE PAINTING - One of the oldest and most highly refined Japanese visual arts, encompassing a wide variety of genres and styles.
Long history of it exhibits synthesis and competition of native Japanese aesthetics and the adaptation of imported ideas (mainly from Chinese
painting). Subject matter which is regarded as the most characteristic of Japanese painting; depiction of scenes from everyday life/narrative scenes
that are often crowded with figures and details.

Mannerism art - Also known as the late Renaissance Period (1520). Emphasized the principles of art and design such as proportions. Famous
artists – Leonardo Da Vinci, Raffaelo Sanzio, and Michelangelo.

ABSTRACTIONISM - Abstract means – to move away. Abstract subjects can be represented through the following – distortion, elongation,
and mangling (cut, lacerated, mutilated or hacked with repeated blows). The idea of it is the artist becomes interested in one phase of a scene or
situation that does not show any subject at all.

SURREALISM - It is an invented word meaning “Super Realism”. Uses art as weapon against the evil. Tries to reveal new and higher reality
than that of daily life. Surrealist claims to create forms/images not primarily by reason, but by unthinking impulse and blind feeling or even
accident. “Influenced by the Freudian psychology which emphasizes the activities of the unconscious state of mind.”

OPTICAL ART - This is a style of visual art that emphasize the use of optical illusions. They give the viewer the impression of movement,
hidden images, flashing and vibrating patterns, or sweating or warping.

PHOTOREALISM - Genre of art that encompasses painting, drawing, and other graphic media. Artist studies a photograph and then
attempts to reproduce the image as realistically as possible in another medium.
THEORIES OF ART:
 EXPRESSIONISM - artistic style in which the artist seeks to depict not objective reality but rather the subjective emotions and responses
that objects and events arouse within a person. Distortion, exaggeration, primitivism, and fantasy and through the vivid, jarring, violent, or
dynamic application of formal elements.
 FUNCTIONALISM - Art is defined by purpose(s) that make successful art valuable. (A definition of “chair” would normally mention
that the purpose of a chair is for sitting and a chair that cannot be sat upon has no value as a chair. So, it seems that chairs require a functional
definition. Functionalists treat art in the same way.) A function commonly assigned to art is to provide a satisfying aesthetic experience.
 FORMALISM - describes the critical position that the most important aspect of a work of art is its form – the way it is made and its
purely visual aspects – rather than its narrative content or its relationship to the visible world. In painting therefore, a formalist critic would
focus exclusively on the qualities of color, brushwork, form, line and composition.
 “OPEN CONCEPT THEORY” - According to Weitz, that is also the nature of the concept of art. We cannot find any common
properties but we can show some strands of similarities. This kind of concept has one crucial feature: it is an open concept, i.e. (its conditions
of application are amendable and corrigible.)

ARTS IN THE PHILIPPINES:

 Art in the Philippines refers to the art works that have developed and accumulated in the Philippines from the beginning of civilization in the
country up to present time.
 It includes: Traditional arts, arts in Muslim Mindanao or the Islamic Arts and Arts in the Cordillera Region.

TRADITIONAL MOTIFS
 FOLKLORE - Traditions, beliefs and even stories of a community which being passed down generation after generation. Now, Traditional
Motifs are being used by folklorist in analyzing, interpreting, and describing the traditional elements found in the lore of a particular folk
group. In the perspective of anthropology - motifs are being used in the area of music, literary criticism, visual arts and textile arts.

TRADITIONAL CRAFTS
 Before a certain art form became a traditional craft it should meet these requirements:
1. Use mainly in everyday life
2. Manufactured by hand - The original features and manual labor of a traditional craft are inseparable term from each other.
3. Manufactured by using a traditional technique or skill
4. Made from traditional materials
5. Manufactured in a certain area with a certain number of manufacturers.
TRADITIONAL CRAFTS CONSIST OF THE FOLLOWING:
1. HANDICRAFTS - This is the main sector of traditional crafts. This type of art is useful and decorative that is made completely by hand.
These traditional crafts have cultural and/or religious significance. Mass production of a craft that are made out of machine is not considered
handicraft goods. (Example; Covering/protection created by men in the prehistoric times)
2. WEAVING - is another Art form of traditional crafts. Materials used in weaving consist of wood, mohair, cotton, bristles, and silk.
Products could be - plait, carpets, rugs, and felt obtained by spinning thread, connecting the fibers together or by other materials.
3. EMBROIDERY - is not only used for decoration but also as a mean of communication tool with the symbolism in its design. It uses
materials such as silk, cocoon, wool, candle, stick bead or any left-over cloth.
4. WOODCARVING - has been existing long time ago. most common products are table, sala sets, cabinets, doors, cupboard corners, and
others. Some of it was actually used as tripods, wooden stands, writing sets, drawers, chests, spoons for decorations, rowing boats, reading
desk, etc.
5. ARCHITECTURAL WORKS - windows, wardrobe covers, beams, celling, pulpits, coffins, etc.
6. MAKING MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS - traditional craft that existed for many long years the materials used for these came from
trees, plants, skin, bones, and animal horn. (string, percussion, and woodwind).
7. GLAZED EARTHENWARE TILES - are used for ceramic and art purpose. Artists usually used animal designs in these tiles.
8. GLASSWORK - stained glass was developed many years ago. Church windows are made of stained glass in different models and forms.
Examples are: Figurines, mugs, drinking glass, utensils made of decorative glass work.
9. STONEWORK - plays an important role in exterior and interior decoration in traditional architecture. Products consist of grinders, stone
tables, and benches, gravestones, human and animal figures, and decorative purposes. Techniques include - carving, relief and statue,
ornamental motifs used are plants, geometric motifs, writing, and figures.
10. BASKET WEAVING - Also a traditional craft that started thousand years ago. It carried out by weaving reed, willow, and nut branches,
bamboo trunks, rattan, and other materials. Nowadays, basket weaving is prevalent in the Cagayan Valley, cordillera and Bicol regions, and
some provinces in Visayas Island.
Islamic Art (Art in Muslim South)
 Quick Background;
1. The Muslim of the south where majority of Muslim population is concentrated has about nine (9) ethno-linguistic groups; Tausug, Maranao,
Maguindanao, Samal, Yakan, Sanggil, Badjao, Molbog, and Jama Mapun. Some people believed that only the Tausug, Samal, Maguindanao,
and Maranao can be considered as Muslim.
2. Islamic art is a very difficult art to define because it covers many lands and various peoples over some 1400 years. However, Islamic art is not
all restricted to religious art. It includes all other arts of the rich and varied cultures of Islamic societies as well.
3. Muslim South Arts include T'nalak art, Dagmay skirt, pis syabit cloth tapestry, Yakan seputangan head cloth, Inaul of Cotabato City, wood
crafts of Maranao, Muslim literature and musical instruments.
  T'nalak - Traditional cloth made by a group of people in Lake Sebu. Hand-woven which is made of abaca which traditionally has three
primary colors, red, black, and the original color of the abaca leaves.

 T'boli Art - One of the most indigenous people in Southern Mindanao are the T'boli people of the South Cotabato.
 Dagmay Skirt - represents the indigenous culture of the Mandayas of Davao. It is being wear as a women's cloth if the Mandayans.
 Pis-yabit Cloth - Head covering by the Tausug of Sulu. This traditional cloth tapestry is made from cotton or silk, people in this town.
 Seputangan - The seputangan is a head cloth worn by the yakan tribe of Mindanao.
 Inaul Skirt - is the famous Cotabato City handwoven fabric in Maguindanao. It is being used as a malong, a tabular skirt of "sarong" that
wraps women.
 Woodcrafts - The materials primarily used in Muslim or Islamic Art are wood, brass, and cloth, but no less important are silver, gold, iron,
horn, ivory, leather, bamboo and matting materials.
 Okir or Okil - this is the term that represents the geometric and flowing designs, often based on an elaborate lear and vine pattern, and folk motif
which are usually found in Maranao, Maguindanao and some other places in southern Mindanao and as far as Southeast Asia.
 Symmetry Art - Symmetry is very powerful design tool. These are designs that need more stability, a strong organizational structure, and
a classic and trusting message.
 Torogan - a residential structure eleveated above the ground by its column cut from trees of huge girth. The walls are covered with
plywood sticks whereas the roof is thatched with dried coconut leaves. It is not complete without the legendary bird, SARIMANOK, being
displayed inside.

OTHER MUSLIM ART:

1. Darangan or Bantungan, a popular epic of the South.
2. The epic of Kapmabaning so Kiyaprawa'a Ko Lawamen (The abduction of Lawamen)
3. The epic of Ag Tobig Nag Keboklagan (The Kingdom of Keboklagan)
MUSLIM MUSICAL INSTRUMENT:
A. String insturment are Serogaganding is a two-string zither:Kudyapi or boat lute the most popular string
B. Percussion instruments are Gamelan, Agumay, Babandir, Gandingan, Kulintang, Gabbong, Dabakan, Kubling
C. Wind musical instrument are Palendog, Sahung, Suling

CORDILLERA REGION - This region consisted of people of Cordillera Region, comprised of the Isneg (Apayao), Tinguian (Itneg), Kalinga,
Bontoc, Ibaloi, Kankaney, have a distinct way of life that influenced their art traditions.

 Woodcraft - wood is a primary material used by the people of the Cordillera region in producing artistic shields, decorated containers,
hoem utensils, figurines and religious images.
 Music - Some of their musical instruments are pas-ing, a two-stringed instrument of the Apayaos, albon a rice drum, the sulibao a conical
drum, and the konlinga a cylindrical drum. Koleleng of bali-ing, a nose flute; and diwdiw-as, a construction of thin bamboo pipes of different
lengths tied together.
 Musical Instruments - PAS-ING , ALBON , SULIBAO
 Percussion instrument - by the Cordillerans were; gansa and the bamboo buzzers called bilbil or bungkaka and bongabong a pair of
percussion sticks.

INDIGENOUS ARTS
 They are those native arts that have grown naturally through the years in a certain locality. It includes Torogan of Muslim Mindanao, bahay
kubo, bahay bale, bahay na bato, and the other indigenous house.

Indigenous Materials

 native or local materials. some of these are the sawali, coco coir, bagasse, abaca, bamboo, al fron stems, mud bricks, rattan, rice husks, cogon,
wood, and the stone.
1. Sawali – material come from the outer covering of bamboo poles. It is woven into mats and ideals for cement backing.
2. Coco coir - by-product of coconut is used to minimize the use of cement and as sandwich panels for insulation
3. Bagasse - is a sugar cane waste used for insulation for cement backing.
4. Abaca- this is a fiber material obtained from the leaf stalk of a banana plant
5. Bamboo - indigenous material that has low degree of elasticity, low concrete adhesion, but wide variable moisture content. It is very useful
in architectural forms sand designs, mainly as reinforcement to concrete.
6. Palm Frond stems - material that is often used for non-structural panels, walls, screens, and bases of houses. Despite being widely used,
it is susceptible to termites and have to be replaced every 4 to 5 years.
7. Mud Bricks - This material is brittle, has less strength, and cannot stand up well to tension. However, it is a choice of building materials in
places with hot, dry climates due to its low thermal conductivity.
8. BAHAY KUBO
9. BAHAY NA BATO