NEURAL NETWORK DETECTION OF MSK SIGNALS

Ɉ.Ⱥ. Morozov, P.E. Ovchinnikov

Department of physics
Nizhny Novgorod State University
Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, ope@nifti.unn.ru

ABSTRACT

The neural network method of detection for FSK signals is

presented. The application of constructed system to
detection of MSK signals is considered. Processing of test
signals by the proposed method shows its capacity for work.

Index Terms— signal processing, neural networks,

detection, FSK

1. INTRODUCTION

Nowadays neural network technologies are widely applied

in various systems of data processing; in particular neural
networks are used for detection in receivers of radio signals
[1]. At the detection of signals with shift keying raises the
task of construction of a solver which estimates information
symbol via analysis of signal segment. Solver must be
steady to noise and frequency distortion in transmission
channel. Procedure of detection of FSK signals at
deterioration of a signal becomes more and more difficult to Fig. 1. The scheme of the proposed detection system
formalize, especially in the case of use of FSK with low
The fragment of sampled IQ components of the signal,
modulation index. Traditional methods of detection are
representing an output of the digital receiver is given to the
connected with difficult hardware, containing automatic
input of the trained neural network namely to the input of
phase control schemes, for example, Costas loop [2]. The
the multilayer perceptron (MLP) with two outputs.
artificial neural network (ANN) possesses the property of
Samples of IQ components are chosen as features for
generalization. Therefore use of a neural network presumes
recognition by two reasons. First, IQ components are not
to construct an algorithm of detection, invariant to small
dependent on carrier frequency and at the same time
changes of parameters of a signal and steady against noise.
contain the information about phase of a signal. Secondly,
In the work in question the method of neural network
IQ components output from the digital receiver, and
detection of FSK signal, based on the analysis of in-phase
additional calculations are not required for their obtaining.
(I) and quadrature-phase (Q) components is considered [2].
The length of fragment, i.e. number of samples, and
The method of quadrature demodulation is applied for IQ
accordingly number of pairs of ANN inputs is equal to the
components extraction. In the work proposed method of
length of symbol segment:
detection is examined on the kind of FSK signals called
ν = fs / fm, (1)
MSK, because it prevailing in communications systems and
where fs – sampling frequency of IQ components, fm –
has the least frequency spacing.
frequency of manipulation.
At the training the neural network is tuned so that
2. METHOD OF DETECTION
outputs serve for manipulation distinction. At consecutive
input of IQ samples to neural network, signals on outputs
At use of ANN as a classifier the following scheme of
reflect probabilities of frequency changes depending on
detection (fig. 1) can be constructed.
time are formed. For short we shall name set of these

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signals as “frequency diagram”. The example of frequency
diagram is presented on fig. 1 On frequency diagram values
on ANN outputs are shown by color: white – 0, black – 1,
grey – intermediates. For reduction of noise influence each
of signals of frequency diagram is smoothed along time by
convolution with a rectangular window:
After smoothing frequency diagram is resampled with
frequency equal to frequency of manipulations and for
determination of symbols maximum-likelihood criterion is
used:
d [k ] = arg max z i [kv] , (2)
i =0 ,1,..., M −1
where d[k] – a detected symbol.
The described algorithm uses the trained network. The
back-propagation training algorithm was used for training
on fragments of realizations of complex envelopes of
signals, similar to those to be detected [3]. IQ components
are modeled according to data, which generated in a
random way. The generated data are used at training for
specifying of desired outputs of ANN. Two-layer perceptron
with following parameters: number of nodes in an output
layer – 2 (equal to number of possible frequency shifts), 16
nodes in the hidden layer, sigmoid activation function for
all nodes was used in the work in question [3]. The number
of nodes had been established from experience for optimum
quality of detection.
3. COMPUTER MODELING
Software perceptron was used for computer experiment. As
detection should be carried out in conditions of additive
noise, training set was made from IQ realizations of noised
signals.
MSK signal detection (possible frequency shifts: 0, kfm)
was carried out in the work. Parameters of a signal:
bandwidth – 40 kHz, frequency of manipulations – 16000
bits per second, sampling frequency of IQ components –
192 kHz. 12 samples of I and 12 samples of Q components
that corresponds to the fragment of a signal containing one
period of manipulation were simultaneously given to the
input of perceptron. After each shift for one sample along
complex envelope the net output was calculated. Thus the
maximum detailed frequency diagram over time was
obtained. If necessary the computational complexity of
proposed method can be reduced by increasing the step
between two consecutive net output calculations.
For estimation of noise robustness of the constructed
system, before detection additive noise within the same
spectral band was added to the signal. For estimation of
carrier deviation (¨f0) robustness of the constructed system
tests at the carrier frequencies differing from base were
made. Thus IQ components turn out not on zero frequency.
Results of statistical examination of the proposed detection
method are presented in fig. 2. Each point on curves is
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Fig. 2. Dependences of error probability on SNR. 1 –
ǻf0=0; 2 – ǻf0=0.5 kHz; 3 – ǻf0=1 kHz; 4 – traditional
method, ǻf0=0; 5 – traditional method, ǻf0=2 kHz
obtained as a result of detection of 105 symbols. In figure
curves of dependence of a symbol error probability (Pe) on
SNR for test signals with various carrier frequencies are
shown. For clearness in figure curves for signals with the
carrier frequency exceeding base are presented, in the case
of a negative frequency deviation curves are similar. For
comparison, curves obtained at detection by traditional
method are shown in the same figure. These curves of
dependences of error probability on SNR obtained at
detecting of the same signals by the method based on of two
band-pass filters [2]. It is possible to see that proposed
detection method and traditional method produce
comparable results in the absence of carrier frequency
deviation. Also it is visible that the proposed method is
more sensitive to carrier frequency deviation, than a
method based on filters. But proposed method does not
require a priori definition of signal characteristics and is
adaptive because of training on realizations of received
signal.
4. CONCLUSION
The neural network method of detection for FSK signals is
presented. Computer modeling has shown, that application
of neural network approach allows to construct the system
detection MSK signals with error probability less than 10-3
if SNR is not worse +10 dB. Such results are comparable
with results obtained at detection by traditional method.
The proposed method uses relatively small neural
network and can be realized software and hardware (on the
basis of digital signal processors or digital logic integrated
scheme) for real time detection. Complex envelope inputs
to ANN from the digital receiver and on the output of
neural network detector symbols of the received
information are formed. Thus application of neural network
technologies allows to construct the finished scheme of
detection of FSK signals. Examinations of the method
robustness in various conditions are carried out in present
time.

5. REFERENCES

[1] J. D. Matyjas, I. N. Psaromiligkos, S. N. Batalama, M. J. Medley, “Fast

Converging Minimum Probability of Error Neural Network Receivers for
DS-CDMA Communications,” IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks,
15, pp. 445-454, 2004.
[2] B. Sklar, Digital Communications: Fundamentals and Applications, 2nd
Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall PTR, 2001.
[3] D.E. Rumelhart, J.L. McClelland (Eds.), Parallel Distributed Processing:
Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition (MIT Press, Cambridge,
1986).

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