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Contemp World Module 3 Topics 1 2
Contemp World Module 3 Topics 1 2
Contemp World Module 3 Topics 1 2
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Introduction
Governments, associations, societies, and groups form regional organizations and/or
networks as a way of coping with the challenges of globalization. Globalization has made
people aware of the world in general, but it has also made Filipinos more cognizant of
specific areas such as Southeast Asia. How, for instance, did the Philippines come to identify
itself with the Southeast Asian region? Why is it part of a regional grouping known as the
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)?
While regionalism is often seen as a political and economic phenomenon, the term actually
encompasses a broader area. It can be examined in relation to identities, ethics, religion,
ecological sustainability, and health. Regionalism is also a process, and must be treated as
an “emergent, socially constituted phenomenon.” It means that regions are not natural or
given; rather, they are constructed and defined by policy makers, economic, and even social
movements.
This module will look at regions as political entities and examine what brings them together
as they interlock with globalization. The other facets of regionalism will then be explored,
especially those that pertain to identities, ethics, religion, ecological sustainability, and
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Paulinian A rmation
“As a Christ-centered Paulinian, I am a reliable, productive expert, and implementer,
competently pursuing my mission in life.”
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Learning Outcomes
During the learning engagement, you should be able to
● define the term Global South,
● differentiate the North (First World Countries) and the South (Third World Countries),
and
● analyze how a new conception of global relations emerged from the experiences of
Latin American countries.
Learning Activities
Processing and Formation
The Global South
The Global South as a critical concept has three primary definitions. First, it has traditionally
been used within intergovernmental development organizations—primarily those that
originated in the Non-Aligned Movement—to refer to economically disadvantaged
nation-states and as a post-cold war alternative to “Third World.” However, in recent years
and within a variety of fields, the Global South is employed in a post-national sense to
address spaces and peoples negatively impacted by contemporary capitalist globalization.
In this second definition, the Global South captures a deterritorialized geography of
capitalism’s externalities and means to account for subjugated peoples within the borders
of wealthier countries, such that there are economic Souths in the geographic North and
Norths in the geographic South. While this usage relies on a longer tradition of analysis of
the North’s geographic Souths—wherein the South represents an internal periphery and
subaltern relational position—the epithet “global” is used to unhinge the South from a
one-to-one relation to geography.
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Remember
Major Differences between Global North and Global South
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The terms "Global North" and "Global South" divide the world in half both geographically.
The Global North contains all countries north of the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere
and the Global South holds all of the countries south of the Equator in the Southern
Hemisphere. This classification groups the Global North into the rich northern countries,
and the Global South into the poor southern countries. This differentiation is based on the
fact that most of the developed countries are in the north and most of the developing or
underdeveloped countries are in the south.
The issue with this classification is that not all countries in the Global North can be called
"developed," while some of the countries in the Global South can be called developed. In the
Global North, some examples of the developing countries include: Haiti, Nepal, Afghanistan,
and many of the countries in northern Africa. In the Global South, some examples of the
well-developed countries include: Australia, South Africa, and Chile.
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The world is divided into those countries that are industrialized, have political and economic
stability, and have high levels of human health, and those countries that do not. The way we
identify these countries has changed and evolved over the years as we have moved through
the Cold War-era and into the modern age; however, it remains that there is no consensus
as to how we should classify countries by their development.
The designation of "Third World" countries was created by Alfred Sauvy, a French
demographer, in an article that he wrote for the French magazine, L'Observateur in 1952,
after World War II and during the Cold War-era. The terms "First World," "Second World,"
and "Third World" countries were used to differentiate between democratic countries,
communist countries, and those countries that did not align with democratic or communist
countries. The terms have since evolved to refer to levels of development, but they have
become outdated and are no longer used to distinguish between countries that are
considered developed versus those that are considered developing.
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Multinational Transnational
2. What are the three world countries? Explain.
3. How do you define and differentiate multinational and transnational?
Synthesis
● The world is divided into those countries that are industrialized, have political and
economic stability, and have high levels of human health, and those countries that
do not. The way we identify these countries has changed and evolved over the years
as we have moved through the Cold War-era and into the modern age; however, it
remains that there is no consensus as to how we should classify countries by their
development status.
● The terms "First World," "Second World," and "Third World" countries were used to
differentiate between democratic countries, communist countries, and those
countries that did not align with democratic or communist countries. First World
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Assessments
Direction: Encircle the correct answer.
1. It described the communist-socialist states. These countries were, like First World
countries, industrialized.
A. First World
B. Second World
C. Third World
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Assignments
A. Do advance reading on the following topics:
1. Globalization and Regionalization in Asia
2. Confronting the Challenges of Globalization
B. The students will answer the following questions:
1. How is regionalism different from and yet a part of globalization?
2. What is the difference between state-to-state regionalism and non-estate
regionalism?
3. What triggers various regionalist projects?
4. Do globalization and regionalization converge? How and when do they
converge?
5. In your opinion, what is the most pressing concern that developing countries
should address globalization? How should it be addressed?
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Learning Outcomes
During the learning engagement, you should be able to
● explain what is regionalization and differentiate it from globalization,
● explain the advantages and disadvantages of regionalism, and
● determine and explain how different ASEAN states confront the challenges of
globalization and regionalization.
Learning Activities
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Horizontal Vertical
Introduction
The inexorable forces of globalization
and regionalization have reshaped the
world economic landscape over the
past quarter century. Global trade and
financial flows have registered
unprecedented growth during this
period. Intra-regional economic
linkages have also become much
stronger with the proliferation of regional trade agreements and common currency areas.
These developments have appeared to affect the evolution of global and regional business
cycles for example, despite the presence of strong global trade and financial linkages, there
were significant unexpected ways. For variation in growth performance across different
regions during the 2008-2009 financial crisis. Specifically, some regions (e.g., Asia) exhibited
surprising resilience during the worst of the financial crisis and rapidly returned to high
growth whereas some others (e.g., North America and Europe) experienced deep and
prolonged contractions.
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Remember
What Are the Merits of Regionalism?
Since regionalism is a political ideology that only favors a specific
region, its impact may affect the entire society or just a segment
of the community. Regionalism can impact a region’s economy
through various ways. A well-formulated trade bloc can raise
productivity and economic welfare in its associate countries by
enhancing consumer choice and growing the competition that
producers encounter. Dropping tariff barriers expands markets
and gives more efficient producers access into states where their
prices had been exaggerated by duties and other trade barriers.
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However, it is important to note that trade blocs easily add up
instead of removing distortions and trade efficiency.
In regionalism, it is essential to note that economic profits do not
only come from trade as some benefits may also come as a result
of cooperation in investment and financial activities. Economic
impacts of regionalism can be categorized into different classes,
those effects arising from trade, effects arising due to investment
and monetary cooperation. Trade-related consequences have its
positive impact in that regional integration entails the promotion
of free trade among the associate countries of a local
organization. The main reason for the benefits from trade is that
the universal, unrestricted trade permits buyers and
organizations to buy from the cheapest source of supply; this
ensures that production is located according to comparative
advantage.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Regionalism
Advantages Disadvantages
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2. Do globalization and regionalization converge? How and when do they converge?
3. In your opinion, what is the most pressing concern that developing countries should
address globalization? How should it be addressed?
Synthesis
● Official regional associations now cover vast swaths of the world. The population of
the countries that joined the Asia Pacific Economic Council (APEC) alone comprised
37% of the world’s population in 2007. These countries are also part of “smaller”
organizations that include the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Shanghai
Cooperation Organization, the North American Free Trade Agreement, the Caribbean
and Pacific Group of States and the Union of South American Nations. Even the
“isolationist” North Korea is part of the Regional Forum which discusses security
issues in the region.
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Assessments
Direction: Choose the correct answer from the given options and encircle the letter of your
choice.
1. It is the process of dividing an area into smaller segments called regions.
A. Regionalism
B. Globalization
C. Regionalization
D. Rejoining
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Assignments
Do advance reading on the following:
1. Global Media and Global Integration
2. Dynamics of Local and Global Cultural Production
3. Cultural Diversity and Homogenization through Globalization 2
Re ection Guide
1. What have I LEARNED this day that has helped me do all aspects of this better?
2. What have I DONE this week that has made me better at doing all aspects of this?
3. How can I IMPROVE at doing all aspects of this?
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Expanded Opportunities
References
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