Warren Hastings -->'

The English East India Company was established on 31 December

1600 as per the Royal Charter issued by the Queen of England,
Elizabeth I
Jahangir in 1608 to secure permission
to establish a “factory” (store house of goods) at Surat
In 1639, Francis Day established the city of
Madras and constructed the Fort St. George
After the Battle of Plassey in 1757 and the Battle of Buxar in 1764,
the Company became a political power
Robert Clive was the first Governor of Fort William under the
Company’s rule
 Reforms Wars Notes
The Rohilla War (1774)
Rohilkand was a small kingdom situated in between Oudh and the The treasury was removed from
Warren Hastings Murshidabad to Calcutta and an Accountant
Abolition of the Dual System Marathas. Its ruler was Hafiz Rahmat Khan.
1772-1785 General was appointed. Calcutta thus
(Annexation of Rohilkhand by the Nawab of Awadh with the help of
became the capital of Bengal in 1772
British)

First Anglo-Maratha War (1775-82)

In 1775, there was a dispute for the post of Peshwa between Madhav
Board of Revenue was established at Rao and his uncle Ragunatha Rao. The British authorities in Bombay
Foundation of Asiatic Society of Bengal by
Calcutta to supervise the collection of concluded the Treaty of Surat with Raghunatha Rao in March 1775.
Hastings and Sir William Jones in 1784
revenue Rahunatha Rao promised to cede Bassein and Salsette to the British
but later when he was unwilling to fulfill his promise, the British
captured them

abolished the system of dastaks, or free The Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780-84) A translation of Manusmriti as code of Hindu
passes and regulated the internal trade laws was carried

Judicial reforms : starting of Diwani and

Faujdari Adalat at the district level of
Sadar Diwani and Nizamat Adalat of Charles Wilkins Translated the Gita and
Hitopdesha In English
Calcutta, an Appellate court. Hindu and
Muslim laws were redefined.

Regulating Act of 1773

Pitt’s India Act, 1784
 Treaties
In 1776 Treaty of Surat and
concluded the Treaty of Purander(btw
English and Peshwa) with Nana
Fadnavis, another
Maratha leader.

in May 1782, the Treaty of Salbai was

signed between Warren
Hastings and Mahadaji Scindia

The Second Mysore War came to an end

by the Treaty of
Mangalore in 1783
 Reforms Wars

Cornwallis inaugurated the policy of making

LORD In 1789, the British concluded a tripartite alliance with
appointments mainly on the basis of merit thereby
CORNWALLIS the Nizam and the Marathas against Tipu.
laying the foundation of the Indian Civil Service

Cornwallis introduced was the separation of the three

branches of service, namely commercial, judicial and
revenue.

Police Reforms Each district was divided into thanas

or police circles each of which was about 20 square
miles

Cornwallis reformed the Board of Trade which

managed the commercial investments of the Company

First person to codify Law

Did the Permanent Settlement of Bengal also called
Zamindary System
 Notes Treaties

At the top of the judicial system, the highest civil

and criminal courts of appeal, namely Sadar Tipu Sultan concluded the Treaty of
Diwani Adalat and Sadar Nizamat Adalat were Srirangapattinam with the British
functioning at Calcutta

Cornwallis was better known as a law giver than

as an administrator. With the help of his
colleague, George Barlow, Cornwallis prepared a
comprehensive code, covering the whole field of
administration’, judicial, police, commercial and
fiscal

Sir John Shore (1793-98) succeeded Cornwallis

as Governor General and his administration was
uneventful
 Reforms Wars
THE MARQUESS
The Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799) - Against Tipu
OF WELLESLEY
(1798-1805) Sultan

The Second Maratha War (1803-1805)

 Notes Treaties

He was a great imperialist and called himself ‘a Bengal tiger’. Treaty of Bassein with Peshwa Baji Rao II

launch a forward policy in order to

make ‘the British Empire in India’ into ‘the British Empire of India’. Treaty of Deogaon with
The system that he adopted to achieve his object is known as the Bhonsle
‘Subsidiary Alliance’

Preservation of British prestige and removal of French danger

Treaty of Surji –Arjungaon - Scindia
from India were Wellesley’s twin aims.

Sir George Barlow was the next Governor-General for two years (1805-07). The
Vellore Mutiny of 1806 took place during his administration. He was succeeded
by Lord Minto (1807-13) who concluded the Treaty of Amritsar with Ranjit Singh
of Punjab in 1809. The Charter Act of 1813
was passed during this period.

Hyderabad was the first state which was brought under Wellesley’s Subsidiary
System in 1798.
 Reforms Wars

He approved the Ryotwari system of land revenue

LORD HASTINGS introduced in the Madras Presidency by Sir War against the Gurkhas
(1813-1823) Thomas Munroe. In the sphere of (Anglo Nepal War)(1814-16)
judiciary, the Cornwallis Code was improved

Hastings had also encouraged the foundation of Third Maratha War (1817-
vernacular schools by missionaries and others. 1819)

In 1817, the Hindu College was established at

Calcutta by the public for the teaching of English
and western science. Hastings was the Patron of
this college
 Notes Treaties

In March 1816, the Treaty of Sagauli was

Suppression of the Pindaris
By 1818, the Pindaris were completely suppressed and all their bands
disintegrated.by 1824, the menace of the Pindaris came to an end.
concluded. The Gurkhas gave up their claim
over the Tarai region and ceded the
areas of Kumaon and Garhwal to the British

The Bengali Weekly, Samachar Darpan was

started in 1818 by Marshman, a Serampore missionary

He was considered the maker of the Bombay Presidency

 Reforms Wars
LORD WILLIAM Jaintia was one of the territories brought under the
Abolition of Sati, Suppression
BENTINCK (1828- custody of the British after the first Anglo-Burmese
1835) of Thugs and prevention of female infanticide War

He reduced the salaries and allowances of all Lord William Bentinck decided to deal with him
officers and additional staff were removed. In effectively and sent Colonel Lindsay to capture
the military department, he abolished the Mercara, the capital of the Coorg state. The Raja
system of double batta. was deposed in 1834 and the state was annexed.

British authorities took over the administration of

abolished the provincial Mysore State and placed it under the control of a
courts of appeal established by Cornwallis commissioner. The Krishnaraja III was given a
pension.

Another good measure of Bentinck was the

introduction of local languages in
the lower courts and English in the higher
courts in the place of Persian. Even in matters
of revenue Bentinck left his mark.

William Bentinck laid foundation of the Calcutta

Medical College.
He appointed a committee headed by Lord
Macaulay to make recommendations for the
promotion of education
 Notes Treaties

William Bentinck adopted a policy of non-intervention and non- Treaty of Yandaboo concluded at the end of
aggression with Indian states the first Burmese War.

The Governor-General was

Sir Mark Cubbon was commissioner from 1834 to
successful in winning the friendship of Ranjit
1861 and his administration was beneficial to the people
of Mysore. Even today, the famous Cubbon Park in Singh and the Indus
Navigation Treaty was concluded between
Bangalore city has been named after him to remind his
services to Mysore. them. This treaty opened
up the Sutlej for navigation

A similar treaty was also concluded

Charter Act of 1833
with the Amirs of Sind.

Bentinck was the

first Governor-General of India’

For his role in the suppression of thugs, Sir William

Sleeman was known as “Thugee Sleeman

The Government Resolution in 1835

made English the official and literary language of India
 After William Bentinck, Lord Auckland (1836-42)
became Governor-General. The First Afghan War
(1836-42) was fought during his administration. Due to
his failure in Afghanistan he was recalled in 1842. Lord
Ellenborough succeeded him and ended the Afghan War.
He also annexed the Sindh. His successor, Lord Hardinge
(1844-48) fought the first Anglo-Sikh War (1845-46) and
concluded the Treaty of Lahore.
 Reforms Wars Notes
At the end of the second
LORD DALHOUSIE Anglo-Sikh War in 1849, The Doctrine of Lapse was applied by Dalhousie to Satara and it
(1848-1856) Punjab was annexed by was annexed in 1848. Jhansi and Nagpur were annexed in 1854.
Dalhousie

After the end of the second

Burmese War (1852),
Dalhousie annexed Lower
youngest Burma with its
Governor-General capital at Pegu
36
Treaties