Objectives:

 Express permission, obligation, and

prohibition through the use of modals
 Identify the modals expressing permission,
obligation and prohibition
 Communicate more clearly and effectively
through proper use of modals in the
activities
Introduction: It sounds so simple: say what
you mean. But all too often, what we try to
communicate gets lost in translation despite
our best intentions. We say one thing, the
other person hears something else, and
misunderstandings, frustration, and conflicts
ensue.
Would you like to communicate more
clearly and effectively? Why do you
wish to improve communication with
your teachers, friends or classmates
and to build trust and respect with
them, and be heard and understood?
Read the article
and find out what
it is all about.
 Below are sentences taken from the article you have just
read.
1. A strong family unit has to create a safe, positive and supportive
place for all members to thrive.
2. There must be a structure in a family or it will become chaotic
and will not be a peaceful setting for a family.
3. All members must feel the freedom within the group to express
themselves freely within the group.
4. A person must be able to develop his individuality by gaining
support and trust from the family.
 Study the following sentences. What do the
underlined words in each sentence suggest?
How do we call these underlined words?
1. Can you speak louder when delivering your lines?
2. You can take a deep breath before rendering
your speech.
3. Other speakers mustn‘t make noise while one
speaker is on stage.
4. You can‘t speak before a big audience if you are
nervous.
 WHAT DO THE UNDERLINED
WORDS DO IN THE SENTENCE?
WHAT DO THEY EXPRESS?
WHEN DO WE USUALLY USE
THEM?
WHAT ARE THEY CALLED?
What are the two types of modal verbs of
obligation?
There are two types of modal verbs of
obligation; those that primarily express a
firm obligation or necessity- must and have
to- and those that express a
recommendation or moral obligation-
should and ought to-
What are the other types of modal?
Can is another type of modal often used to ask for
and give permission. It means something is allowed
and can be done. Both can‘t and mustn‘t are also
modals used to show that something is prohibited –
it is not allowed. Can‘t tells us that something is
against the rules. Mustn‘t is usually used when the
obligation comes from the person who is speaking.
 Examples:
You don’t have to shout, I CAN hear you very well.
You MUST hear this story, it is very funny.
Children, you MUSTN”T cross the street when the lights
are red.
I’m sorry, I CAN”T give you a lift because my car is
broken.
You DON’T HAVE TO pay to use the library. It is free.
You have passed all your test. You SHOULD be very
pleased with yourself
 PLAY
REPLAY
 A. Use must, have to, should and ought to correctly in the following
sentences.
1. Children __________ obey their parents.
2.Parents ___________ respect their children too.
3.Challenges ___________ not keep us from achieving our dreams.
4.Parents ___________ send their children to school.
5.Before, one talks about an issue, he/she ___________ read about it first.
6.Family members __________ understand that they have important roles to
perform in keeping the family strong.
7.Friends __________ be carefully chosen for the influence they can have.
8. The school, as a second home ________constantly nurture and protect the
rights of children.
9.We _______find courage even in the small things that we do.
10.In order to succeed, you _________ believe that you can.
 B.Read the following sentences. Use the correct
modals of prohibitions in each of the sentences.
1._______ I stay with the group?
2.You _______ park here, ma‘am. The parking lot is full.
3.You ______ wear shirts but you _____ wear jeans in the
pool.
4. You _____ use Mandela‘s speech to inspire the youth.
5. You _______ make noise while the session is on going.
◦A.
◦1. MUST 8. MUST ◦B.
◦2. MUST 9. MUST ◦1. CAN
◦3. MUST 10. SHOULD ◦2. CAN’T
◦4. HAVE TO ◦3. CAN, CAN’T
◦5. HAVE TO ◦4. MUST
◦6. SHOULD ◦5. MUSTN’T
◦7. MUST
ASSIGNMENT
In your notebook, write an advice to a
boy who wishes not to attend school for
no reasons.