Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction 11/12

Learner Activity Sheets

Quarter 1 – Week 1: Basic Concepts of Disaster and Risk Factor Underlying Disasters

First Edition, 2021

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Development Team of the Learners’ Activity Sheets

Writer: Melvin C. Cabonegro

Regional Validators: Kevin Hope Z. Salvaña

Abraham Masendo
Mary Grace P. Dela Cruz
Maria Venus L. Rallos
Glen B. Pacot
Noraine Princess Tabangcora
AJ Pelegro
Ace Michael B. Magalso

Division Validators: Jean B. Ramirez

Jonas F. Saldia
Anni Grace C. Macalalag
Stephen Laurence C. Rosales
Janet C. Taer
Mary Jane R. Ty
Ma. Isabel Katrina N. Borja
Propsero Luke Godfrey T. Caberte
Jennifer D. Mordeno
Luna C. Munda

Management Team: Marilou B. Dedumo, PhD, CESO V, Schools Division Superintendent

Manuel O. Caberte, Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Maria Dinah D. Abalos, PhD, CID Chief
Donald D. Orbillos, PhD, LR Manager
Jean B. Ramirez, Science Education Program Supervisor

Author: Melvin C. Cabonegro 0

School/Station: Taligaman National High School
Division: Butuan City
email address: melvin.cabonegro@deped.gov.ph
 WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction 11/12, Quarter 1, Week 1

BASIC CONCEPTS OF DISASTER AND RISK

FACTORS UNDERLYING DISASTERS

Name: _______________________________________ Section: _________________

Most Essential Learning Competencies:

1. Explain the meaning of disaster. (DRR11/12-Ia-b-1)
2. Differentiate the risk factors underlying disasters. (DRR11/12-Ia-b-2)

Learning Objectives:

After going through this learning activity, learners are expected to:

1. Discuss the two types of disaster; and

2. Distinguish the risk factors underlying the given disaster situation.

Time Allotment: 4 hours

Key Concepts:

 Disaster is ―a sudden, calamitous occurrence that causes great harm, injury,

destruction, and devastation to life and property‖. It disrupts the usual course of
life, causing both physical and emotional distress such as an intense feeling of
helplessness and hopelessness.
 A preceding definitions of disaster stresses that two elements are affected – life
(whether human or animal) and property. The effects vary – it may a minor damage
(like broken windows and doors), major damage (like torn rooftops, collapsed walls),
total destruction (like completely destroyed houses and structures rendering them
useless and inhabitable) and worst scenario, it can lead to death. (Asian Disaster
Preparedness, ADPC, 2012)
 According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO, 2008), disaster is a
―serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving
widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts,
which exceeds the ability of the affected community or to society to cope using its
own resources‖.
 Disasters can be divided into large categories:
A. Natural Disasters – a natural phenomenon is caused by natural forces,
such as earthquakes, typhoon, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, fires,
tornados, and extreme temperatures. They can be classified as rapid onset
disasters and those with progressive onset, such as droughts that lead to
famine. These events, usually sudden, can have tremendous effects.
B. Man-made Disasters – caused by man or in which major direct causes
are identifiable intentions or non-intentional human actions.

Author: Melvin C. Cabonegro 1

School/Station: Taligaman National High School
Division: Butuan City
email address: melvin.cabonegro@deped.gov.ph
  Disaster risk is the product of the possible damage caused by a hazard due to the
vulnerability within a community. It should be noted that the effect of a hazard (of
a particular magnitude) would affect communities differently (Von Kotze, 1999:35).
 Risk factors are processes or conditions, often development-related that influence
the level of disaster risk by increasing levels of exposure and vulnerability or
reducing capacity.
 Risk factors which underlie disasters:
1. Climate Change – can increase disaster risk in a variety of ways – by
altering the frequency and intensity of hazards events, affecting vulnerability
to hazards, and changing exposure patterns. For most people, the
expression ―climate change‖ means the alteration of the world’s climate that
we humans are causing such as burning of fossil fuels, deforestation and
other practices that increase the carbon footprint and concentration of
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
2. Environmental Degradation – changes to the environment can influence
the frequency and intensity of hazards, as well as our exposure and
vulnerability to these hazards. For instance, deforestation of slopes often
leads to an increase in landslide hazard and removal of mangroves can
increase the damage caused by storm surges (UNISDR, 2009b). It is both a
driver and consequence of disasters, reducing the capacity of the
environment to meet social and ecological needs. Over consumption of
natural resources results in environmental degradation, reducing the
effectiveness of essential ecosystem services, such as the mitigation of floods
and landslides. This leads increased risk from disasters, and in turn, natural
hazards can further degrade the environment.
3. Globalized Economic Development – It results in an increased
polarization between the rich and poor on a global scale. Currently
increasing the exposure of assets in hazard prone areas, globalized economic
development provides an opportunity to build resilience if effectively
managed. By participating in risk-sensitive development strategies such as
investing in protective infrastructure, environmental management, and
upgrading informal settlements, risk can be reduced. Dominance and
increased of wealth in certain regions and cities are expected to have
increased hazard exposure (Gencer, 2013).
4. Poverty and Inequality – Impoverished people are more likely to live in
hazard-exposed areas and are less able to invest in risk-reducing measures.
The lack of access to insurance and social protection means that people in
poverty are often forced to use their already limited assets to buffers disaster
losses, which drives them into further poverty. Poverty is therefore both a
cause and consequence of disaster risk (Wisner et al., 2004), particularly
extensive risk, with drought being the hazard most closely associated with
poverty (Shepard et al., 2013). The impact of disasters on the poor can, in
addition to loss of life, injury and damage, cause a total loss of livelihoods,
displacement, poor health, food insecurity, among other consequences.
Vulnerability is not simply about poverty, but extensive research over the
past 30 years has revealed that is generally the poor who tend to suffers
worst from disasters (DFID, 2004; Wisner et al., 2044; UNISDR, 2009b).

Author: Melvin C. Cabonegro 2

School/Station: Taligaman National High School
Division: Butuan City
email address: melvin.cabonegro@deped.gov.ph
 5. Poorly planned and Managed Urban Development – A new wave or
urbanization is unfolding in hazard-exposed countries and with it, new
opportunities for resilient investment emerge. People, poverty, and disaster
risk are increasingly concentrated in cities. The growing rate of urbanization
and the increase in population density (in cities) can lead to creation of risk,
especially when urbanization is rapid, poorly planned and occurring in a
context of widespread poverty. Growing concentrations of people and
economic activities in many cities are seen to overlap with areas of high-risk
exposure.
6. Weak Governance – weak governance zones are investment environments
in which public sector actors are unable or unwilling to assume their roles
and responsibilities in protecting rights, providing basic services and public
services. Disaster risk is disproportionately concentrated in lower-income
countries with weak governance (UNISDR, 2015a). Disaster risk governance
refers to the specific arrangements that societies put in place to manage
their disaster risk (UNISDR, 2011a; UNDP, 2013a) within a broader context
of risk governance (Renn, 2008 in UNISDR, 2015a).

Activity 1. Understanding Disaster

Objective: Discuss the two types of disaster.

What you need: paper and pen
What to do:
1. In this activity, you must identify the classification of disaster as well as its
effect in the given disaster situations.
2. Accomplish the table below and write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Classification of
Disaster Disaster Effect of Disaster
(Natural or Man-Made)
1. typhoon
2. war
3. volcanic eruption
4. earthquake
5. vehicular accident
6. floods in rivers and Coastal areas
7. tsunami
8. bomb explosion
9. chemical leakages
10. plane crash

Author: Melvin C. Cabonegro 3

School/Station: Taligaman National High School
Division: Butuan City
email address: melvin.cabonegro@deped.gov.ph
Guide Questions:

Q1. What are the two types of disaster?

_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Q2. What is the difference between natural from man-made disaster?

________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

Q3. In your own words, how you would define disaster?

_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Scoring Rubric for Q3

Points Description
3 Student answers the question correctly with reasoning.
2 Student answers the question and explanation is
somewhat accurately stated.
1 Student gives a wrong answer and many misconceptions
are identified in the explanation.

Activity 2. What is the Risk Factor?

Objective: Distinguish the risk factor underlying the given disaster situation.
What you need: paper and pen
What to do:
1. Complete the table by identifying the risk factors underlying disaster in each
situation.
2. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Risk Factors
Situation Underlying
Disaster
1. unwillingness to assume their roles and responsibilities
in governing disaster risk department
2. rising sea levels
3. cities located in low-altitude such as Butuan City are
exposed to sea-level rise and flooding
4. houses are built with lightweight materials
5. deforestation that can lead to landslide

Author: Melvin C. Cabonegro 4

School/Station: Taligaman National High School
Division: Butuan City
email address: melvin.cabonegro@deped.gov.ph
Guide Questions:

Q1. How does each risk factors different from one another?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Q2. How would you lessen the impact of risk factors underlying disaster?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________

Scoring Rubric for Q1 and Q2

Points Description
3 Student answers the question correctly with reasoning.
2 Student answers the question and explanation is somewhat accurately stated.
Student gives a wrong answer and many misconceptions are identified in the
1
explanation.

Reflection:

Suppose you are invited by the SK Chairman in your barangay as a resource speaker
to your fellow age group during an Environmental Awareness Activity and you were asked to
give emphasis on the risk factors underlying disasters so that young people will be equipped
with knowledge on how to mitigate the effects of a disaster. Have a concept in mind of how
you are going to deliver the information. Write down what you want to deliver to the audience
on a separate sheet of paper.

Scoring Rubric
Points Description
Practical application is scientifically explained consistent with
3
the concepts and has no misconception.
Practical application is scientifically explained consistent with
2
the concepts, but with minimal misconception.
Practical application is scientifically explained consistent with
1
the concepts, but with misconceptions.
0 No discussion.

References:

Aquino, Ginalyn H., Barairo, Rodgem A. Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Quarter 1 -
Module 1: Basic Concept of Disater and Disaster Risk. Edited by Vanessa R. Ambas, Anne
Marielle R. Del Mundo and Josefina M. Fabra. Department of Education, 2020.

—. Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Quarter 1 - Module 2: Risk Factors Underlying
Disasters. Edited by Vanessa R. Ambas, Ma. Fe Lorelie E. Amon and Anne Marielle R. Del
Mundo. Department of Education, 2020.

Author: Melvin C. Cabonegro 5

School/Station: Taligaman National High School
Division: Butuan City
email address: melvin.cabonegro@deped.gov.ph
 melvin.cabonegro@deped.gov.ph email address:
Butuan City Division:
Taligaman National High School School/Station:
6 Melvin C. Cabonegro Author:
Activity 2. What is the Risk Factor?
Situation Factors Underlying Disaster
1. unwillingness to assume their roles and 1. Weak Governance
responsibilities in governing disaster risk department
2. rising sea levels 2. Climate Change
3. cities located in low-altitude such a Butuan are 3. Poorly planned and Managed Urban
exposed to sea-level rise and flooding Development
4. houses are built with lightweight materials 4. Poverty and Inequality
5. deforestation that can lead to landslide 6. Environmental Degradation
Q1. Answer may vary.
Q2. Answer may vary.
Activity 1. Understanding Disaster
Disaster Classification of Disaster (Effect of Disaster
(Natural or Man-Made)
1. typhoon Natural Answer may vary. Ex. Destroyed
houses and structures, broken
windows, torn rooftop
2. war conflicts Man-made Answer may vary. Ex. Death,
destroyed houses and structure,
collapsed wall
3. volcanic eruption Natural Answer may vary. Ex. Death, collapsed
wall, destroyed houses
4. earthquake Natural Answer may vary. Ex. Death, collapsed
wall, destroyed houses
5. vehicular accident Man-made Answer may vary. Ex. Death, broken
car and window
6. floods in rivers and Natural Answer may vary. Ex. Death, collapsed
Coastal areas wall, destroyed houses
7. tsunami Natural Answer may vary. Ex. Death, collapsed
wall, destroyed houses an structures
8. bomb explosion Man-made Answer may vary. Ex. Death, collapsed
wall, destroyed houses an structures
9. chemical leakages Man-made Answer may vary. Ex. Death, collapsed
wall, destroyed houses an structures
10. plane crash Man-made Answer may vary. Ex. Death, collapsed
wall, destroyed houses an structures
Q1. Natural and Man-made disaster.
Q2. Natural Disasters is a natural phenomenon caused by natural forces, such as earthquakes,
typhoon, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, fires, tornados, and extreme temperatures while Man-
made is a disasters caused by man or in which major direct causes are identifiable intentions or
non-intentional human actions.
Q3. Answer may vary.
Answer Key