BUCKLING OF COLUMNS

 Stability of columns

A prismatic column can be idealized to a spring rigid bar system

Consider an identical structure as shown below. Member AB is a rigid bar that is pinned at base and
supported by an elastic spring of stiffness k at top.

The bar supports a centrally applied load P that is perfectly aligned with the axis of bar, hence the spring
has to be inserted force in it.

Contact- 9740501604
If the bar is disturbed by some external force so that it rotates slightly through a small angle about A.

The stability conditions for the column are:

(1) If restoring moment is greater than distorting moment then column is in stable equilibrium.

K > PL

KL > P (condition for stable equilibrium)

(2) If restoring moment is equal to distorting moment then column is in neutral equilibrium.

K = PL

KL = P (condition for neutral equilibrium)

Here the load P is known as a critical load .

(3) If restoring moment is less than distorting moment then column is in unstable equilibrium.

K < PL

KL < P (condition for unstable equilibrium)

These equilibrium relationships are shown in the graph of P versus below.

Contact- 9740501604
Contact- 9740501604
  Euler buckling theory

This theory is applicable to materials following Hook’s law.

Consider the loaded column as shown below,

M=-

Contact- 9740501604
 PV = -

+ =0

Solution: -

V = Asin + Bcos

Where k =

To find A and B, we use boundary condition.

 Hinged – Hinged

V(0) = 0; V( ) = 0

∴ B=0

Asin =0

∴ sin =n where n = 1, 2, 3.......

Contact- 9740501604
k=

Here should be the minimum principal inertia.

Also,

=A → where r is radius of gyration.

= → where is slenderness ratio.

And,

Contact- 9740501604
 Similarly for other boundary conditions

Boundary

Condition

 Hinged-Hinged L

 Fixed-Fixed L/2 4

 Fixed-Free 2L
4
 Fixed-Hinged L/√2 2

Contact- 9740501604
Problems

1.

Contact- 9740501604
Sol. 4 kN

x=a

k = 1000 N.m/rad

a = 0.5 m

D.M. = P.a

R.M. = k.2

∑ =0

R.M. - D.M. = 0

k.2 – P.a = 0
×
So = = = 4 kN
.

Contact- 9740501604
 2.

Sol. C

P = (for both ends fixed)

P = (for both ends pined)

So =4

Contact- 9740501604
 3.

Sol. A

For a simply supported beam,

P =

E = 210× 10 N/

l = 0.5 m
( . × )×( × )
= = = 0.125× 10

Then, P = 10.36 kN

Contact- 9740501604
 4.

Sol. B

For one end fixed and other is hinged,

= L/√2

P =(
. )

Contact- 9740501604
 5.

Sol. 3289.73 N

P = (for both side hinged)

×
E = 200× 10 N/ , = 1m = 1000 mm, = = = 1666.66

So, P = 3289.73 N

Contact- 9740501604
 6.

Sol. 5.99 cm

P = (for simply supported column)

= 1.57 m, E = 200GPa, = 240 MPa

σ = = , = =
.

σ = × =
.

× ×
d= = 0.0599 m = 5.99 cm

Contact- 9740501604
 7.

Sol. D

P =

P = ×

P ∝

Contact- 9740501604
 ,
= = 2 = 16
,

P , = 16P ,

Contact- 9740501604
8.

Contact- 9740501604
Sol. 1937.8 N

Lets R is load applied on column BD.

E = 200 GPa, radius of member, r = 10 mm, =

∑ = 0 = R× 1 - P× 2

R = 2P = =

P= × × = 1937.8 N

Contact- 9740501604
 9.

Sol. B

= 1m, E = 200GPa, = 12× 10 /°

Contact- 9740501604
 × ×
= = = 180

P = (for both side fixed beam)

σ = = = ∆ =
.

∆ = = 9.89 °
. .

Contact- 9740501604
 10.

Sol. 2056.03 N

= 200 mm, E = 200 GPa, fos = 2.5

fos =

, =

Then, applied load, P =

.

× ×
= = = 104.16

P = 2056.03 N

Contact- 9740501604
 11.

Sol. D

= (for both side fixed bar)

= = = ∆
.

×
= =

Contact- 9740501604
 .
So, = × = .
. . .

Contact- 9740501604
 12.

Sol. B

Area, A =

Contact- 9740501604
 .
= = = ∆
.

, ∆ ∝

Contact- 9740501604