PROBLEMS IN

OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINE

&
CONDITION MONITORING
 OUTLINES
 INTRODUCTION
 CAUSES OF DETERIORATION
 IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEM
SYMPTOMS
 TECHNIQUES FOR INSPECTION OF
LINES
 NOVEL CONDITION MONITORING
 CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION
POWER CAN BE TRANSMITTED AND
DISTRIBUTED IN TWO WAYS

1. OVER HEAD SYSTEM

2. UNDER GROUND CABLE

CAUSES OF DETERIORATION IN
TRANSMISSION LINES
• The main problems that have been considered
are:

1)Damage to insulators
2)Conductor corrosion
3)Vibration damage
4)Arcing damage of conductors
 DAMAGE TO
INSULATORS
All insulators comes to the High-voltage insulators
end of its working life
either when it fails
mechanically, flashes over
at unacceptable high
frequencies or gives
evidence of deterioration
to condition likely to low
factor of safety in
service .
Insulators are mainly
damaged by
a) Thermal
cycling
 Thermal cycling

 the process of cooling and heating is called

thermal cycling
 crack occurs
 moisture and water enters
 so insulation fails
 Cement Growth
 volume expansion

 radial cracks
 Corrosion

 Atmospheric contaminants

 Internal corrosion
 CONDUCTOR
CORROSION

 corrosion of alluminium strands

which causes strand breakage and line
failure

 corrosion of galvanising
 VIBRATION DAMAGE

 Aeoline vibration

 Galloping
Sub-conductor oscillation
 fatigue occurs

 Causes fretting
between
alluminium
conductor near to
clamps and other
fitting
 ARCING DAMAGE OF
CONDUCTOR
 Galloping can be avoided by
making the conductor
circular.
 But it will not work when
there formation of sleet or
ice coating.
 If galloping occurs then flash
over takes place
 IDENTIFICATION OF
PROBLEM SYMPTOMS
The symptoms associated with each
problem on overhead transmissions lines
is predicted by:

1. Transmission line corona

2. Gap discharges
 TRANSMISSION LINE
CORONA

 visual corona
 breakdown strength
 The high frequency radiation caused by
corona discharges on the transmission line
form a basis for assessment of corona effect.
 GAP DISCHARGES

 Sparking is the easiest symptom that can

be detected by radio noise measurement.
 TECHNIQUES OF
INSPECTION OF LINES

 The technique of overhead line

inspections is done by using sensing
system. All these sensing systems have
focused on:
1) Partial discharging levels
2) Temperature
NOVEL CONDITION MONITORING

TECHNIQUE

 For identification of defective equipment

under service conditions i.e. through online
processing for monitoring the health of
equipment commonly known as condition
monitoring (CM).
•
LAYOUT OF CONDITION
MONITORING EQUIPMENT
CONCLUSION
The run inspection of overhead lines.
The failure of insulators and conductor led to
the new technique of monitoring.
Replacement of the damage equipment is done
very easily.
 REFERENCES

1. R. Ferraro, 1990, Electric Service Compatibility: Dealing with Realities,

Power Quality Magazine
2.HUNT, J.C.R., and RICHARDS, D.J.W.: 'Overhead-line oscillations and the
effect of aerodynamic dampers', Proc.IEE 1969,116, (ll),pp. 1869-74.
3. WILTON, G.S., ORMISTON, T.S., and ALLAN,R.A.: 'Modern transmission-
line maintenance', ibid., 1967,114, (7),pp.925-932
4. Electric Power Research Institute, “Transmission Line Reference Book, Wind
Induced Conductor Motion”, Research Project 795, 1978
5. F.B. Farquharson and R.E. McHugh, “Wind Tunnel Investigation of
Conductors Vibration Using Rigid Models”, IEEE Transaction Paper,
October 1956, pp. 871-877