True dip Apparent dip Angle between line of

section and strike of strata

89°

89°

90°
80°
70°
60°
85° 50°

85° 40°
80°
30°
70°
80°
60° 20°
50°
40°
70°
30°

20°
60° 10°

50° 10°

40° 5°

30° 5°

20°
1°

30´
10°

10´
5°

1°

1°
Nomogram to determine the apparent dip given the true dip and the angle between the strike and the line of
section. The dashed line illustrates an example: for a true dip of 43° on a cross-section oriented at 35° to the
strike of the bedding, the apparent dip on the cross-section would be 28°. (Based on Billings 1972.)