King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

CE-415
Reinforced Concrete II
Reinforced Concrete Footings

Second Semester 2020-2021 (202)

Dr. Muhammad Kalimur Rahman

Center for Engineering Research-Research Institute
Footings for Structures
 Footings are structural members used to support
columns, walls and equipment
 They transmit and distribute their loads to the soil in
such a way that the load bearing capacity of the soil
is not exceeded
 Excessive settlement, differential settlement, or
rotation, and excessive vibration are prevented and
 Adequate safety against overturning or sliding is
maintained.
 Reinforced Concrete Footing
 The soil has much lower strengths than the structural
materials, so the force to be transmitted from
superstructure needs to be distributed over a larger
area in order to get the stresses in the soil mass to be
lower than the soil bearing capacity.

 The choice of suitable type of footing depends on the

depth at which the bearing strata lies, the soil condition
and the type of superstructure.

3
 Foundation Selection
Factors to be taken into consideration when
determining the type of building foundations:

 Function of the structure

 Loads from the structure
 Bearing capacity of foundation material
 Total and differential settlement of foundation
 Machinery and equipment vibration
 Uplift forces acting on the foundation
 Costs
 Foundation Types
Foundations are classified into two main groups

 Shallow foundations - sometimes called 'spread footings'

include isolated footings, strip footings and rafts. They
distribute the column load to an area of soil around the
column at shallow depths.

 Deep Foundations - include piles, pile walls, diaphragm

walls and caissons. They transmit the load to a stronger
soil layer at some depth below the surface.

5
Types of Foundation

6
 Shallow Foundations

 Shallow foundations, where feasible, are generally more

economical than deep foundations if they do not have to be
installed deep into the ground and extensive ground
improvement works are not required.

 They are often used to support structures at sites where

subsurface materials are sufficiently strong.

 Unless a shallow foundation can be founded on strong rock,

some noticeable settlement will occur.

7
Square and Rectangular footing

Rectangular footings may be used

when there is not enough clearance
for a square footing.
8
 Combined footing
Whenever two or more columns in a straight line are
carried on a single spread footing, it is called a combined
footing. Isolated footings for each column are generally
economical. Combined footings are provided only when it
is absolutely necessary, as

1. When two columns are close together, causing overlap

of adjacent isolated footings
2. Where soil bearing capacity is low, causing overlap of
adjacent isolated footings
3. Proximity of building line or existing building or sewer,
adjacent to a building column.
9
Types of Combined Footings
 The combined footing may be
rectangular, trapezoidal or T-
shaped in plan.

 Trapezoidal footing is provided

when one column load is much
more than the other. As a result,
both projections of footing
beyond the faces of columns is
restricted.

 Rectangular footing is provided

when one of the projections of
footing is restricted or the width
of the footing is restricted.

10
Raft/Mat Foundations

Mat or raft foundations The

building or equipment is
placed on one large
continuous footing. Typically
used in locations where the
soil is weak/poor and bedrock
is too deep.

11
 Types of Raft Foundations
 Plane Slab Rafts: For fairly small and uniform spacing
of columns and when the supporting soil is not too
compressible.

 Beam and Slab: For large column spacing and unequal

column loads.

 Slab with Column Pedestals: For columns with heavy

loads which may require large shear strength or
flexural strength of slab.
 Types of Raft Foundations
 Cellular Rafts: For compensated foundations to avoid
differential settlements in weak soils.

 Piled Rafts: For heavy structures on soft soils in order

to share the loads with piles.

 Strip Rafts or Grid Rafts: For economical design where

a complete slab may be avoided.
 Raft/Mat Foundations
Where we need Raft or Mat Foundations
 Structures like chimneys, silos, cooling towers,
buildings with basements where continuous water
proofing is needed
 For foundations where differential settlement can be a
major concern
 For soft soils strata or site with pockets of weak soil

 In situations where individual footings may touch or

overlap each other.
Deep Foundations
 Pile Foundations - vertical
structural members that are
forced into the ground by pile
drivers
 Caissons – similar to pile
foundations, but are created
by auguring (drilling ) a deep
hole into the ground and then
filling the hole with concrete.
 Pile Foundations
Types of Pile foundations

 Steel Piles
 Pipe piles
 Rolled steel H-section piles
 Concrete Piles
 Pre-cast Piles
 Cast-in-situ Piles
 Bored-in-situ piles
 Timber Piles
 Composite Piles
 Foundation Loads

 Dead Load
 Live Load
 Wind Load
 Lateral Pressures Below Grade
 Structural Member Forces
 Uplift
 Earthquake
 Load Combination

U = 1.4(D + F)
U = 1.2(D + F) + 1.6(L + H)
U = 1.2D + (1.0L or 0.8W)
U = 1.2D + 1.6W + 0.5L
U = 1.2D + 1.0E + 1.0L
U = 0.9D + 1.6W + 1.6H
U = 0.9D + 1.0E + 1.6H
where
D = dead load;
F = lateral fluid pressure;
L = live load;
H = load due to the weight and lateral pressure of soil and
water in soil;
W = wind load;
E = earthquake load.
ISOLATED FOOTING DESIGN
FOR AXIAL LOADS
Design Load on Footing
Design load include

 Load and moments from the column

 Weight of the footing and
 Weight of soil on the footing.

The forces associated with footing weight and the

weight of soil above the footing are normally
concentric to the footings
 Isolated Footings -
Design Considerations
Isolated footings must be designed to carry the column
loads and transmit them to the soil safely while satisfying
code limitations.

1. The area of the footing - based on the allowable

bearing soil capacity
2. Two-way shear or punching shear.
3. One-way shear or wide beam shear
4. Bending moment and steel reinforcement required
Distribution of Soil Pressure

Soil pressure under the footing depends on:

1. Type of the soil e.g sandy soil or cohesive soil
2. Flexibility of the footing
3. Depth of the footing
 Soil Pressure under footing

For column load P applied on the

centroid of the footing, a uniform
pressure is assumed to develop
on the soil surface below the
footing area.
 Soil Bearing Capacity

The allowable soil bearing capacity qall needs to

be determined. This can be done by:

 Local or State Building Codes

 Uniform Building Code (UBC)
 Soil testing/analysis
 Site inspection and simple soil testing
 Soil borings taken at proposed foundation
locations
 Design of Isolated Footing

• The footprint dimension (L & B) are based on the

allowable stress qall in soil and service load
combinations must be used.

• The thickness of footing and reinforcing steel are

determined based on the ultimate moment and shear
from ultimate load combinations
Footing Size and Ultimate Soil Pressure

Total load on footing (Service) = Axial column load +

Weight of footing +
Weight of soil above footing

Service load on footing

Area of footing 
allowable soil pressure
Ultimate load on footing
Ultimate Soil pressure q 
u Area of the footing
Footprint dimensions of Isolated Footings
For service load
combination the size of the
footing under axial loads
or axial loads and
moments should be
determined such that the
soil bearing stress is
limited as follows:

• qmin > 0 No tension

• qp or qmax < qall Allowable soil pressure
not exceeded
Minimum Depth of Footing

d
t
db
3in.
3in.
Flexural steel

Effective depth

d  t  3in.  db  6in.
Minimum thickness ‘t’ of the footing

t  12in.
 Wide Beam Shear
Check Wide Beam Shear
Strength ACI 318-08 11.12.1

Vu < fVc Vc  2bwd f c'

Critical face at “d” from the face

of the column ACI 318 09 11.1.3
Vu
d
2f fc'
b
Ultimate shearing force at section
1-1
h c 
Vu  qu b    d 
2 2 
 Punching shear in Footings

The theoretical failure surface is generally 45o from vertical

making the base dimensions = column width + 2d.
 Two way shear/Punching Shear
Check Punching Shear
Strength as per ACI 318-08
11.12 V < fV
u c

f= 0.75 ACI 318-08 9.3.2.3

Vc   p f c' bo d
 p is least value obtained from
 sd   
 p   b  2   p   2  4   p  4
 o   c 

For punching shear a vertical

slice is taken a distance d/2
from the face of the support
 Two Way/Punching Shear
bo is the perimeter along
the edge of the failure area

Rect. Column sides c1 & c2

bo = 2(c1+d) + 2 (c2+d)

square column with side “c”

bo = 4(c+d)

βc= ratio of the long side to the

short side of the column < 2
If βc > 2 allowable Vc reduced
αs = 40 for interior columns,
30 for edge columns, and bo for columns at various locations
20 for corner columns
 Two way shear/Punching Shear

Check Punching Shear Strength

as per ACI 318-08 11.12
Vu < fVc
Vu = ultimate pressure x area
of remaining footing

Vu = Pu – ultimate pressure x
shear area
Rectangular column
Vu  Pu  qu  c1  d  c2  d 
Square column with side “c”
Vu  Pu  qu  c  d 
2
 Critical Location for Flexure

For concrete columns and

walls critical section is at the
face of the columns

For masonry walls critical

section is at a distance of b/4
from the face of the wall
For steel columns on base
plate the critical section is at a
distance of s/2 from the edge
of base plate, where s is the
projection of the base plate
from the column
 Footing Reinforcement
Flexural Strength as per ACI
318-08 11.12
Mu Mn
2
1 h c
Ultimate Mu  qub   
moment at 1-1 2 
2 2

Footings are designed as singly

reinforced rectangular section
Mu 0.85 f c'  2Rn 
Ru  2   
1 1
bd f y  0.85 f c' 
d
 gross =   min  0.0018
h
As   bd
Check for Net Tensile Strain

As f y  0.003 
a c a
t =    dt  0.003

 c 
'
0.85f c b 1

If εt > 0.004 the section is tension controlled

 Development of Reinforcement
Development length as per ACI 15.6.3
ld 3 f y  t c s  Atr f yt
 Ktr  0
No transverse
db 40 f '  cb  Ktr  1500s  n reinforcement
c  
 d 
 b 
ld = minimum required development length (in)
db = nominal bar diameter (in)
c b= half-spacing or cover dimension (in)

 t  1.0 If there < 12 in concrete below reinf.

 cb  Ktr 
If    2.5 use 2.5  c  1.0 For uncoated reinforcing steel
 d 
 b   s  1.0 For bars larger than # 7
  1.0 For normal weight concrete
Force Transfer – Footing and
Column
 Higher strength concrete is typically used for columns
than for footings and the column steel also carries a large
portion of the column load.

 The interface between the column and the footing must be

designed to transfer the load from the column to the
footing.
• Force Transfer between Footing & Column
• Pu < fPn (ACI 318-05 10.17)
• Minimum dowels (ACI 318-05 15.8.2)
Force Transfer – Footing and Column
Force acting on the concrete at the base of the column must
not exceed the bearing strength of the concrete

 Pnb  f  0.85 fc' A1 P u

A1 =bearing area of column
f = 0.65 (ACI 318-05 9.3.2.4)

Bearing strength of footing is increased by a factor A2 / A1  2.0

due to footing area being larger - distribution of column load.

 Pnb  f  0.85 fc' A1  A2 / A1  Pu


or  Pnb  2f 0.85 fc' A1  Pu 
Required Dowel bars between
Column (size ‘ c1’ and ‘c2’) and footing  0.005c1c2
Example problem - Isolated footing with
axial load
Design Input
 Concrete strength fc‘ = 3,000 psi
 Steel yield stress fy = 60,000 psi
 Allowable soil pressure = 4.5ksf
 Service dead load = 400 kips
 Service live load = 300 kips
 Unit weight of soil = 120 pcf
 Depth of footing below GL = 5 ft
 Size of the column 15 in x 15 in
 Footprint of the Square Footing

• Assume the thickness of the footing = 30 in

• Service load on footing Ps = 400 k + 300 k = 700 k
• Net pressure of soil qp = 4.5 ksf – (2.5 ft x 0.15kcf)
-(5’-2.5’)(.12 kcf)=3.825 ksf
• Required area of footing Af = Ps / qp = 183 ft2
• Side of square footing b > 13.52 ft
• Use 14’x14’ square footing
• Area of footing = 196 ft2
Factored Loads and Ultimate Soil Pressure

• Ultimate load Pu = 1.2(400 k) + 1.6(300) k = 960 k

• Area of footing = 196 ft2
• Soil Reaction (ultimate) qu = Pu / Af = 4.9 ksf

• Assume footing t = 30 in
•
Clear reinf cover = 3”
•
Effective depth
d ~ t - 4” = 26”
 Wide Beam Shear
(ACI 318-08 11.12.1.1)

Ultimate wide beam shear

at section 1-1
h c 
Vu  qu b    d 
2 2 
 14 15 / 12 26 
= 4.9  14     kip
2 2 12 
= 288.7 kip

fVc  2f bw d f c'
= 2  0.75  168  26 (3000 /1000
 358.9 kip  Vu OK
Punching Shear (ACI 318-08 11.12.1.2)
qu = 4.9 ksf Pu = 960kip
Vu = qu x hatched area
= 4.9x(142–3.42 2)=903.2 kip
Vu = Pu – qu x shear area
= 960–4.9x3.42 2= 902.8 kip
bo = 4(c+d) = 4 x 3.416 = 13.66’
c = 1 d= 2.167’ s = 40 int. col
4 sd
 p  min  4, 2  ,

 2
  c bo 
= min  4, 6, 8.34   4
V   p f b d
c c
'
o

 0.75  4  3000 164  26 /1000

 700.65 kip < 903.2 kips No good
Revise Shear Computations
Increase the depth of the footing = 36 in
qu = 4.9 ksf Pu = 960kip
Vu = qu x hatched area
= 4.9x(142–3.916 2)=885.2 kip
bo =4(c+d) =4x3.916 =15.66’ =188 in

c = 1 d= 32 in s = 40 int. col

4 sd
 p  min  4, 2  ,

 2
  c bo 
= min  4, 6, 8.8   4

V   p f b d
c c
'
o

 0.75  4  3000 188  32 /1000

 988.5 kip > 885.2 kips OK
 Footing Reinforcement
Ultimate moment at 1-1
2
1 h c
M u  qu b   
2 2 2
2
1  14 15 /12 
=  4.9 14     1394 kips-ft
2  2 2 
Mu 1394  12  1000
Ru    108 psi
f bd 2
0.9  (14  12)  32
2

0.85 f c'  2 Ru 
 1  1  
f y  0.85 f c' 

0.85  3000  2  108 
 1  1    0.00184
60000  0.85  3000 
d 32
 gross =     0.0018  0.00164  0.0018
h 36
Use 13 # 8 bars in each direction
As   bd  0.0018  168  32  9.68 in 2
As provided = 10.27 sq in
 Footing Reinforcement
Check for Tensile Strain

As f y 10.27  60
a   1.44 in
0.85f c b 0.85  3  168
'

c  a  1.44
0.85
 1.69 in
1
 0.003 
t =    dt  0.003
 c 
 0.003 
=   32  0.003 =0.054
 1.69 

εt > 0.004
the section is tension controlled
Development of Reinforcement
Development length as per ACI 15.6.3
Minimum required development length (in)

db = 1.0 in Clear cover = 3.0 in Bar spacing= 13.42 in

c b= half-spacing = 6.7 in or clear cover = 3.5 in (governs)

 t  1.0  c  1.0  s  1.0   1.0 Ktr  0

 cb  Ktr   3.5 
      3.5in > 2.5 in Use 2.5 in
 db   1 
3 f y  t c s  3 60000 1
ld  db  1  32.9 in > 12 in OK
40 f  cb  Ktr 
' 40 3000 2.5
c  
 d
 b 
148 15
Available length =   3  63.5 in > 32.9 in OK
2 2
Force Transfer Footing and Column
Pu  960 kips f c' (column)  5000 psi
f c' (footing)  3000 psi  =0.65
Bearing strength of column on footing
 
f Pnb  f 0.85 fc' A1  0.65  0.85  5  15  15   621.6 kips
< Pu  960 kips No Good
Column load cannot be transferred by bearing – Dowels needed

( Pu  f Pnb ) 960  621.6

Dowel area As    8.68 in 2
f fy 0.65  60
As min  0.005 15 15  1.13 in 2
Use 8 # 10 bars As provided = 9.8 in2
Force Transfer
Footing and Column
Bearing Strength of footing
A2  13.25  13.25 ft

A2 13.252  144
  10.6  2.0
A1 15  15

use A2 / A1  2
f Pnb  2f  0.85 fc ' A1 
=2  0.65  0.85  3000  15  15 
 745.88 kips < 960 kips NG
Dowels provided > Dowel
required OK
Footing Dimension and Reinforcing Details
ISOLATED FOOTING
WITH MOMENT

52
FOOTING WITH MOMENT
e
• Eccentric Load P

 For footing in general

q max 
P

 Pe  c qmin
A I
P  ec  qmax
 1  2  Figure 56
A  r 
 For rectangular footings
d2 d e
A  bd r  2
c  *
12 2
P
P  6e 
q 1  
bd  d  d

 For footing with combined

vertical load and Moment and
M
equation for q is the same e 
P
 Critical Eccentricity

Critical Eccentricity,
• To Prevent Footing Uplift, q > 0
• Compression Only – No Tension
• Eccentricity of Load, e  ecr
• For Rectangular Footing, ecr = 0.167d
• For Circular Footing, ecr = 0.125d
• For Octagonal Footing, ecr = 0.132d
 Eccentricity and critical eccentricity
A column footing 10 ft square supports a concentric load,
P = 100 k and an overturning moment, M = 150 k-ft. Calculate:
a. Eccentricity, e. b. Critical eccentricity, ecr.
c. Maximum and minimum soil bearing pressures.
d. Maximum soil-bearing press, if the overturning moment is
doubled, M = 300 kip-ft.
M 150 kip  ft
Eccentricity, e e   1.5 ft
P 100 kips

b. Critical eccentricity, ecr

ecr = 0.167d = 0.167(10) = 1.67 ft
 Eccentricity and critical eccentricity
Soil bearing pressure, q
e < ecr

P e 
q  1 
A  0.167d 
P e 
qmax  1 
A  0.167d 
100  1.5 
 1   1.9 kips / ft 2

10 10   1.67 

P e  100  1.5 
qmin  1    1   0.1 kips / ft 2

A  ecr  10 10   1.67 

 Eccentricity and critical eccentricity
M 300
e   3 ft  ecr
P 100

d   10 
x  3  e  3   3   6 ft
2   2 

2P 2 100  qmax = 3.33

qmax    3.33 kips / ft 2
bx 10  6 
 Soil-Bearing Pressure (q)
• Partial compression
• Tensile stress on soil/footing contact area not possible uplift
occurs when:
CL
P  6e  d/2
q min  1    0
A  d  d/6 d/6 d/3

e P
d
• That is, e  , outside middle third
(“kern”) 6
qmax
• Contact area for rectangular
footing (bx)
d 
x  3  e  x
2  d
2P
• Maximum bearing q max 
bx
Stability Ratio (SR)
• Factor of Safety Against Overturning

SR 
 M r

M o

Mr = moments resisting overturning P

M
H
Mo = moments causing overturning
• For example shown:
h
W

SR 
 P W  d / 2
d O
M  Hh 2
 Isolated footing with axial load &
Moment

 Area = B*L
 Ix = B*L3/12
 Iy = L*B3/12
 Example problem - Isolated footing
with axial load & Moment
Design Input
 Concrete strength fc‘ = 3,000 psi
 Steel yield stress fy = 60,000 psi
 Allowable soil pressure = 4.0ksf
 Service dead load = 180 kips
 Service live load = 180 kips
 Moment Dead Load = 225 k-ft
 Moment Live Load = 375 k-ft
 Unit weight of soil = 120 pcf
 Depth of footing below GL= 5 ft
 Size of the column 20 in x 20 in
 Footprint of the Footing
Footing dimension by trial and error
• Assume the thickness of the footing = 30 in
• Service load on footing Ps = 180 k + 180 k = 360 k
• Service moment on Footing Ms = 225 k-ft + 375 k-ft = 600 k-ft
• Net pressure of soil qp = 4.0 ksf – (2.5 ft x 0.15kcf) -(5’-2.5’)(.12
kcf)=3.825 ksf
For a square footing
• Required area of footing Af = Ps / qp = 94 ft2
• Side of square footing b > 9.7 ft
• Eccentricity of load e= Ms /Ps = 600/360*12 = 20 inches
• For no negative pressure under footing L≥ 6e or L=6*20 = 120 in =
10 ft
• Use 10’x12’ rectangular footing Area of footing = 120 ft2
• Average pressure under the footing = 360/120 = 3 ksf
 Footprint of the Footing
• Try Footing 10’x15’ Area = 150 ft2
• Average pressure under the footing = 360/150 = 2.4 ksf
• Maximum pressure qmax = Ps /A + Msc/I = 360/150 + 600*6/(10*15^3/12)
• = 4 ksf Exceeds qall
• Minimum pressure qmin = Ps /A - Msc/I = 360/150 - 600*6/(10*15^3/12)
• = 0.8 ksf
• Try Footing 10’x16’ Area = 160 ft2
• Average pressure under the footing = 360/160 = 2.25 ksf
• Maximum pressure qmax = Ps /A + Msc/I = 360/160 + 600*6/(10*16^3/12)
• = 3.3 ksf Less than qall
• Minimum pressure qmin = Ps /A - Msc/I = 360/160 - 600*6/(10*16^3/12)
• = 1.2 ksf
• Final Size 10’x16’ Area = 160 ft2
 Factored Loads and Ultimate Soil Pressure

• Ultimate load Pu = 1.2(180 k) + 1.6(180) k = 504 k

• Area of footing = 160 ft2
• Ultimate Mom Mu = 1.2(225 k-ft) + 1.6(375) k-ft = 870 k-ft
• Soil Reaction (ultimate) quavg = Pu / Af = 3.15 ksf
• qumax= Pu /A+Muc/I = 504/160 + 870*6/(10*16^3/12) = 4.68
ksf
• qumin = Pu /A-Muc/I = 504/160 - 870*6/(10*16^3/12) = 1.62
ksf
• Assume footing t = 30 in
• Clear reinf cover = 3”
Effective depth
d ~ t - 4” = 26”
 Wide Beam Shear
(ACI 318-08 11.12.1.1)

Ultimate wide beam shear

at section 1-1
 Punching Shear
(ACI 318-08 11.12.1.2)
quavg = 3.15 ksf Pu = 504kip
Vu = qu x hatched area
= 3.15x(160–2.75 2)=480.2 kip
Vu = Pu – qu x shear area
= 504–3.15x2.75 2= 480.2 kip
bo = 4(c+d) = 4 x 2.75 = 11 ft
c = 1 d= 2.167’ s = 40 int. col
 Footing Reinforcement
Ultimate moment at 1-1

Use 14# 8 bars in each direction

As provided = 11 sq in

COMPLETE OTHER PARTS

COMBINED FOOTING
DESIGN
Types of Combined Footing

Rectangular Combined Footing

 If two or more columns are carrying almost equal
loads, rectangular combined footing is provided

Trapezoidal Combined Footing

 If one of the columns is carrying much larger load
than the other one, trapezoidal combined footing
is provided
 Rectangular Combined Footing
 Longitudinally, the footing acts as an upward loaded
beam spanning between columns and cantilevering
beyond. Using statics, the shear force and bending
moment diagrams in the longitudinal direction are
drawn.

 The footing is also subjected to transverse bending

and this bending is spread over a transverse strip
near the column.

70
 Strap Combined Footing
 Cantilever or strap footings consist of two single footings
connected with a beam or a strap and support two single
columns. This type replaces a combined footing and is more
economical.

 Strap footing is used to connect an eccentrically loaded

column footing to an interior column so that the moment can
be transferred through the
beam and have uniform stress distribution beneath both the
foundations.

This type of footing is preferred over the rectangular or

trapezoidal footing if distance between the columns is
relatively large.
71
Combined Footing Example

72
 Example Problem - Combined
Footing with Axial Loads
Design Input

 Concrete strength fc‘ = 3,500 psi

 Steel yield stress fy = 60,000 psi
 Allowable soil pressure = 4.5ksf
 Depth of footing below GL= 5 ft
 Column C1 on edge of property line
 Distance between columns = 18 ft
 Size of the column C1-18 in x 18 in
 Size of the column C2-24 in x 24 in
 Service dead load on C1= 80 kips and C2 = 130 kips
 Service live load on C1= 175 kips and C2 = 200 kips
 Unit weight of soil = 120 pcf
 Clear reinforcement cover = 3” 73
Loads and Ultimate Soil Pressure

• Service load Ps1 = 80k + 175 k = 255 k

• Service load Ps2 = 130k + 200 k = 330 k
• Total service load = Ps = 255k + 330 k = 585 k
• Ultimate load Pu1 = 1.2(80k)+1.6(175)k = 376 k
• Ultimate load Pu2 = 1.2(130k)+1.6(200)k = 476 k
• Total ultimate load = Pu = 376k + 476 k = 852 k
• Soil Reaction (ult) qu = 852/585x4.5 = 6.55 ksf

74
 Footprint of Combined Footing
• Location of resultant force from property line
376  0.75  476  (18  0.75)
xR   10.81 ft  11 ft
376  476
• Length of footing L = 2 x 11 = 22 ft
• Width of the footing B = Pu/(Lxqu) = 852/(22x6.55)
= 5.91 ft ~ 6 ft
• Foot print dimensions 22 ft x 6 ft
• Pressure/unit length = quxB = 6.55x6 = 39.3 k/ft

75
Shear Force and Moment Diagram

76
 Wide Beam Shear
(ACI 318-08 11.12.1.1)

Depth of the footing

Assume thickness t = 3. 5 ft
Effective depth d ~ 42”- 3.5”
d=38.5” (3.21’)
Vu at a distance ‘d’ from the
face of the column
Vu  360.9-39.3  3.21 = 234.75 k-ft

fVc  2f bw d f c'
= 2  0.75  72  38.5 (3500 /1000
 246 kips  Vu OK 77
 Punching Shear
(ACI 318-08 11.12.1.2)
Column C1
qu = 5.66 ksf Pu1 = 376 kips
Vu1 = Pu1 – qu x shear area
= 376–5.66x(18+38.5)(18+38.5/2)/144
= 293.3 kips
bo = 2(18+38.5/2)+(18+38.5)=127.5”
c = 1 d= 38.5” s = 30 edge. col
4 sd
 p  min  4, 2  ,

 2
  c bo 
= min  4, 6, 9.06   4

fV  f p f b d
c c
'
o

 0.75  4  3500 127.5  38.5 /1000

 871.2 kips > 293.3 kips O.K 78
 Punching Shear
(ACI 318-08 11.12.1.2)

Column C2
qu = 5.66 ksf Pu1 = 476 kips

Vu1 = Pu1 – qu x shear area

= 476–5.66x(24+38.5)(24+38.5)/144
= 322.5 kips
bo = 4(24+38.5) = 250”
c = 1 d= 38.5” s = 40 int. col
4 sd
 p  min  4, 2  ,

 2
  c bo 
= min  4, 6, 8.16   4
fV  f p f b d
c c
'
o

 0.75  4  3500  250  38.5 /1000

 1708.3 kips > 293.3 kips O.K 79
 Design for Footing Reinforcement
Maximum Negative Moment
M u  1517 kips-ft
Mu 1517  12  1000
Ru    189.53 psi
f bd 2
0.9  (6  12)  38.5
2

0.85 f c'  2 Ru 
 1  1  
f y  0.85 f c' 

0.85  3500  2 189.53 
  1  1    0.00327
60000  0.85  3500 

d 38.5
 gross
=    0.00327  0.00294  0.0018
h 42
For Positive Moment Mu =360.9 k-ft
As   bd  0.00299  72  38.5  8.3 in 2 R  45 psi   0.0008  0.0018 A  5 in 2
u s
Use 11 # 8 bars at top across Use 9 # 7 bars at bottom
80
the length As provided = 8.69 sq in As provided = 5.4 sq in
Transverse Footing Reinforcement
Reinforcement under Column 1
2
1 376  6-1.5 
Mu     3.1=158.6 kips-ft
2 6  3.1  2 
Mu 158.6  12  1000
Ru    38.4 psi
f bd 2
0.9  (3.1  12)  38.5
2

Reinforcement under Column 2

0.85  3500  2  38.4 
  1  1   1 476  6-2 
2
60000  0.85  3500  Mu     5.21=158.6 kips-ft
2 6  5.21  2 
 0.00064  0.0018
Mu
As   bd  0.0018  3.1(12)  38.5  2.57 in 2 Ru   22.8 psi   0.00045  0.0018
f bd 2

Use 6 # 7 bars under C1 Use 8 # 7 bars at

As provided = 3.6 in2 As   bd  4.33 in 2
C2 As = 4.8 in2
 Check development lengths
 Check bearing strength and dowel Asmin   bd  0.0018  12  42  0.907 in 2
requirements 81
Use # 7 bars at 8” c/c
Reinforcement Details

82