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Nearest Neighbour Index
Nearest Neighbour Index
Method
1. Plot all of the points onto a map
2. Draw a table and find the distance from each point to its nearest neighbour (the point closest to it)
It is quite possible that one point may be the nearest neighbour to several other points. That’s
fine.
3. Add all of the nearest-neighbour distances and divide the result by the number of points (n)
This gives the mean observed distance of all of the points to their nearest neighbour (D)
4. Calculate the nearest neighbour index using this formula:
NNI = nearest neighbour index
NNI = 2D
√ n
A
D = mean observed nearest neighbour distance
√ = square root of
n = total number of points
A = area of map
0 1.0 2.15
Completely Completely Completely
Clustered random uniform
If the index value were 0.7, then we would express this as being more nearly random than clustered. If it
were 1.9, it would be more nearly uniform than random.
Possible Problems
There are a number of problems with the nearest neighbour index:
It cannot distinguish between a single and a multi-clustered pattern. Both the distributions in the
picture below, although different, have a NNI of approximately o.
A distribution with an index of 1.0 should not be interpreted as being caused by random or
chance factors. A pattern of settlements might have an NNI of 1.0, but every settlement is
located at the site of a spring: the settlement cannot be said to be caused by chance.