Unit 1 THE CONTRACT SENTENCES

1. The language of contract English

Read the following contracts, find the main clauses and subordinate clauses, underline all the terms which
have the same grammatical functions which express the same meanings, then translate them into Vietnamese.
(1) Extract of a construction contract
The Contractor shall be under no liability whatsoever by way of indemnity or otherwise for or in respect of
destruction of or damage to the Works... or to Temporary Works or to any property whether of Government or
third parties or for or in respect of injury or loss of life which is the consequence, whether direct or indirect, of
the outbreak of war (whether war is declared or not) in which the Country shall be actively engaged, invasion of
the Country, act of foreign enemies, rebellion, revolution or military or usurped power in the Country, civil war,
or, otherwise than amongst the Contractor’s own employees or the employees of any subcontractor or a
contractor executing any Specialist Works, riot, commotion or disorder, (hereinafter comprehensively referred
to as “the said special risks”) and the Government shall indemnify and save harmless the Contractor against and
miễn trách
from the same and against and from all claims, demands, proceedings, damages, costs, charges and expenses
whatsoever arising therefrom or in connection therewith and shall compensate the Contractor for any loss of or
damage to property of the Contractor used or intended to be used for the purposes of the Works, and occasioned
either directly or indirectly by the said special risks.

(2) Leasing contract

This Lease hợp đồng
Made the tenth day of August
between
Alan Quartermain hereinafter referred to as “the Landlord”
and
Elizabeth Jenkins hereinafter referred to as “the Tenant”
Witnesseth:
that the Landlord hereby leases to the Tenant and the Tenant hereby hires from the Landlord on the conditions
attached hereto the apartment known as Apartment 4 on the fifth floor in the building known as 13 Greek Street
for the term of three years commencing the first day of September 20-- and ending the thirty-first day of August
20-- at the annual rent of $5,000 payable in equal monthly installments in advance on the first day of each
month during the said term
In Witness Whereof
Landlord and Tenant have respectively signed and sealed this lease as of the day and year first above written.
2. The basic sentence structures in a Contract
Structure 1:
Main clause + Main clause
=> Using “AND/OR” The seller shall rectify, repair, modify or replace the damaged Goods free of the
charge to Buyer OR the Buyer may resume the right to reject such damaged Goods
_________________________________________________________________________________________
AND shall recover the refund paid to the Seller.

_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Structure 2
(1) Main clause + Subordinate Clause
=> Using AS SOON AS, IF, PROVIDE,
(2) Subordinate Clause + Main clause WHEN, WHERE…IN THE EVENT
THAT
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Structure 3: The daisy-chain
Main Clause + Subordinate Clause + Subordinate Clause + Subordinate clause…
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The Buyer shall make due payment IF the Goods delivered by the Seller
are in due manner and IF no defects are discovered durring the agreed
_________________________________________________________________________________________
period for lodging claims by the Buyer
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Structure 4
Subordinate Clause + Main Clause + Subordinate clause
_________________________________________________________________________________________
WHERE the contract provide for deliveries in lots or
installments, penalties for late delivery shall be
_______________________________________________________________________________________
calculated on the basis of the value of each lot of
installment, PROVIDED that the late delivery does not
_________________________________________________________________________________________
not impede the general performance of the Contract

_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Practice 1 Translate the following one-page contracts into Vietnamese and note the use of the clauses in
this document.
(1) Contract for transfer of ownership for a new car

Know all Men by these Presents

That
The Albert Motor Company, the Seller, whose address is 3 Dry Boulevard, Alton, New Hampshire, for and in
consideration of the sum of $17,000 paid by Joe Ditherspoon, the Buyer, whose address is 1839 Long Lane,
Alton, New Hampshire, has bargained, sold, granted and conveyed and by these presents do bargain, sell, grant
and convey unto the Buyer, the Buyer’s successors (heirs, executors, administrator) and assigns one Ford
Mustang
Model 1990
Factory No Ap 23840984762HX543
Motor No 72LK753
To Have and to Hold
the same unto the Buyer and Buyer’s successors (heirs, executors, administrators) and assigns forever
In Witness Whereof
the Seller has set his hand and seal or caused these presents to be signed by its proper corporate offices and
caused its proper corporate seal to be hereto affixed, the eleventh day of October, 20--.

(2) Contract for the sale and purchase of a second-hand automobile

ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT
Between
 Alan K. Whitbread, who resides at 12 Dogweed Lane
New York, NY, of the first part,
and
Elizabeth Dowell, who resides at 3 Catskill Drive
New York, NY, of the second part.

The party of the first part, in consideration of nine thousand dollars ($9,000) covenants and agrees to sell to the
party of the second part a 1988 black Ford automobile including the transfer to the party of the second part of
the Certificate of Title and any other documents necessary to effectuate a complete transfer of title from the
party of the first part to the party of the second part

The party of the second part, in consideration of the complete transfer of title of the 1988 black Ford automobile
from the party of the first part to the party of the second part covenants and agrees to tender payment of nine
thousand dollars ($9,000) to the party of the first part in the form of cash with payment due on the date of
delivery of the said automobile.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF
the parties hereunto have set their hands and seals the seventh day January in the year two thousand….

Practice 2. PURCHASE CONTRACT-General Terms and Conditions

A. Fill in each gap one most suitable word
1. SHIPMENT OR DELIVERY
Specified essence ship face
ship
The obligation of Seller to _________________ face
or deliver the goods specified on the _________________ of
this Contract ("Goods") punctually by the time or within the prior period _________________
specified on the face of
this Contract is of the _________________
essence of this Contract.
điều kiện tất yếu

B. Supply the missing information with the given words in the box
completion, delivery, deviation, particulars, passage, repute, seaworthy, secure, standing, telex, transport,
vessel,

2. VESSEL
If, under the terms of this Contract, Seller is to _________________
secure or arrange for the vessel or vessel's
space, Seller shall ship the Goods on first class steamer(s) and/or motor vessel(s) owned and/or operated by
carrier(s) of good international _________________
repute and financial _________________
standing and of a type
normally used for the _________________ of goods of the same type as the Goods. The Goods shall be
transport

shipped by way of usual shipping routes without any _________________

deviation and on vessel(s) adequately
seaworthy
_________________and suitable for uninterrupted _________________to passage the berth at the port of
destination. Immediately after the _________________of
completion the loading of the Goods, Seller shall cable
telex
or_________________ to Buyer a notice of shipment or_________________, delivery showing the number of this
Contract, the name of the _________________, the port of shipment or delivery, a description of the Goods
vessel
particulars
and packing, the quantity loaded, the invoice amount and other essential _________________

C. Fill in each gap one most suitable word

3. PRICE
final
The price specified on the face of this Contract shall be firm and _________________ and shall not be
_________________to
subject any adjustment for any reason _________________
whatsoever

4. CHARGES
 All taxes, export duties, _________________banking
fees charges and/or other charges attributable to the
Goods, containers and/or documents (including but not _________________
limited to certificates of origin in the
country of shipment or delivery) shall be _________________ and paid by Seller.
borne

D. Supply the missing information with the given words in the box
hereunder, thereof, including but not limited to, indirectly, reasonable, liable, terminate

5. FORCE MAJEURE
If the performance by Buyer of its obligations hereunder is directly or_________________ affected or
prevented by Force Majeure, _________________ Acts of God, fire, war declared or not or serious threat of the
same, civil commotion, strike or other labor dispute, governmental order or regulation or any other causes
những sự cố này
beyond the _________________ control of Buyer or Buyer's customer(s), Buyer shall not be
_________________for loss or damage or failure or delay in performing its obligations _________________
and may, at its sole discretion, _________________this Contract or any portion_________________.

6. DEFAULT
cumulative, dead freight, deems, dispose, due; failure, herein; implied, including but not limited to,
insolvency, otherwise, properties, receiver, remedies, terminate, thereof

Text
In case of (i) Seller's_________________ to perform any provision of this Contract or breach of any
Text
express or _________________terms, Text
conditions or warranties contained_________________; (ii) Seller's
inability to pay its debts generally as they become_________________; Text (iii) Seller's bankruptcy
Text
or_________________; or (iv) appointment of a trustee, Text
_________________or liquidator of Seller or of
Text
any material part of Seller's assets or_________________ ("Events of Default"), Buyer may, at its sole
Text
discretion; (i) _________________this Text
Contract or any part_________________; (ii) reject the Goods; (iii)
Text
_________________of the Goods for the account of Seller at a time and price which Buyer
Text
_________________ reasonable; and (iv) purchase elsewhere and charge Seller with any resulting loss or
damage, and Seller shall reimburse Buyer for all loss or damage arising directly or indirectly from such
Text
Events of Default, _________________any Text
costs and expenses such as_________________, loss of profit
obtainable from resale by Buyer of the Goods and damage caused to any customer purchasing the Goods
from Buyer.
Text
The rights and remedies of Buyer hereunder are_________________and in addition to Buyer's rights,
Text
powers and _________________ Text
existing at law or in equity or _________________

7. WARRANTY
claim, conform, furnished, implied, latent, merchantable, notwithstanding, practicable, refuse, thereof, title

Seller shall convey to Buyer good and merchantable _________________ to the Goods free of any
encumbrance, lien or security interest. Seller warrants that the Goods shall fully _________________to any
and all specifications, descriptions, drawings and data or samples or models furnished to or by Buyer, and
shall be_________________, of good material and workmanship and free from defects, and shall be fit or
suitable for the use(s) or purpose(s) intended by Buyer.
Buyer shall make all claims, except for _________________ defects, regarding the Goods against Seller in
writing as soon as reasonably _________________ after arrival of the Goods at their final destination and
unpacking and inspection_________________, whether by Buyer or Buyer's customer(s).
Seller shall be responsible for latent defects of the Goods at any time after delivery,
_________________inspection and acceptance of the Goods whether by Buyer or Buyer's customer(s),
provided that a notice of _________________shall be made as soon as reasonably practicable after
discovery of such defects.
Buyer reserves the right to reject and _________________ acceptance of all or part of any shipment of
Goods which are not in accordance with specifications, descriptions, drawings, data, samples or
models_________________to or by Buyer or with Seller's express or _________________warranties.

8. INDEMNITY

disbursement, harmless, indemnify, intellectual, malfunction, property, termination

Seller shall defend, _________________and hold Buyer, Buyer's customer(s), users of the Goods, and its
or their officers and directors _________________ from and against any liability, loss, damage, penalty,
cost, expense and _________________ (including attorneys' fees) or personal injury, death or
_________________damage as a result of any claim or dispute caused by, due to or relating, in any way, to
the Goods or any defect or _________________ thereof or any infringement of any patent, trademark,
utility model, design, copyright, mask work or any other _________________property rights in Japan or in
any other country, which indemnity shall survive the _________________of this Contract.

9. GENERAL

assign, award, constitutes, construed, differences, failure, final, hereof, interpreted, modified, prior, rules,
settled, supersedes, thereof, tribunal, waiver

(1) All disputes, controversies or _________________ arising out of or in relation to this Contract or the
breach thereof which may not be settled by mutual accord without undue delay shall be _________________by
arbitration in Tokyo, Japan, in accordance with the _________________of procedure of the Japan Commercial
Arbitration Association. The_________________ of arbitration shall be_________________and binding upon
both parties, and judgment on such award may be entered in any court or_________________having
jurisdiction _________________This Contract shall be, in all respects, governed by and _________________in
accordance with the laws of Japan. The trade terms such as FOB, CFR and CIF shall be _________________in
accordance with "INCOTERMS 2020".
(2) The _________________ of Buyer at any time to require full performance by Seller of the
terms_________________ shall not affect the right of Buyer to enforce the same. The waiver by Buyer of any
breach of any provision of this Contract shall not be construed as a _________________ of any succeeding
breach of such provision or waiver of the provision itself.
(3) This Contract_________________the entire agreement between the parties hereto and
_________________all prior or contemporaneous communications or agreements or undertakings with regard
to the subject matter hereof. This Contract may not be _________________ or terminated except by a written
agreement of Seller and Buyer.
(4) Seller shall not transfer or _________________this Contract or any part thereof without Buyer's
_________________ written consent.

Practice 3. English-Vietnamese translation

1. The stipulated prices are fixed, and they are to be understood delivered paid to the place of destination.
_________________________________________________________________________________
Các mức giá quy định trong hợp đồng là cố định, và chúng phải được hiểu là giao hàng trả cho nơi đến.
_________________________________________________________________________________
 2. The headings and marginal notes in these General Conditions shall not be deemed part of this Contract, and
they shall not to be taken into consideration in the interpretation hereof.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Các tiêu đề và ghi chú bên lề trong Điều kiện chung này sẽ không được coi là một phần của Hợp đồng này, và chúng sẽ không được xem xét khi
diễn dịch nội dung của hợp đồng này.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3. The Employer has the right to terminate this Contract if construction work is not performed in accordance
with local by-laws.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Chủ đầu tư có quyền chấm dứt Hợp đồng này nếu công việc xây dựng không được thực hiện theo quy định của pháp luật quốc gia sở tại

_______________________________________________________________________________________
4. If delivery is delayed more than 30 days from the agreed date of delivery due to reasons other than Force
Majeure, the Buyer is entitled to terminate this Contract.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Nếu việc giao hàng bị chậm quá 30 ngày kể từ ngày giao hàng đã thỏa thuận vì các lý do không phải Trường hợp bất khả kháng, Bên mua có
quyền chấm dứt Hợp đồng này.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5. The delivery time has been adhered to if the consignment is ready for dispatch ex works within the agreed
period and if notice to this effect is sent to the Purchaser.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Thời gian giao hàng phải được tuân thủ nếu lô hàng đã sẵn sàng giao tại xưởng trong thời hạn đã thỏa thuận và nếu thông báo về việc này được
gửi cho Bên mua.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Practice 4. Vietnamese-English translation
1. Trường hợp bên Bán phải chịu trách nhiệm thanh toán khoản tiền bồi thường thiệt hại ước tính, bên Mua, sau
khi đã gửi văn bản thông báo kịp thời cho bên Bán, được quyền chấm dứt Hợp đồng.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
In case the Seller is responsible for paying the estimated amount of damages, the Buyer, after sending timely written notice to the Seller, is entitled
to terminate the Contract.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Bên Mua sẽ giám định hàng khi hàng đến đích. Nếu hàng hoá không phù hợp với Hợp đồng về chất lượng
hay số lượng, thì bên Mua sẽ phải thông báo ngay cho bên Bán về bất kỳ sự sai biệt nào ngay lập tức.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
The Buyer will inspect the goods when the goods arrive at the destination. If the Goods do not conform to the Contract in terms of quality or quantity,
the Buyer shall immediately notify the Seller of any discrepancies.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3. Ngay khi hoàn tất việc giao hàng cho nguời Chuyên chở, bên Bán phải gửi văn bản thông báo cho bên Mua
về tình hình giao hàng.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Upon completion of the delivery of the goods to the Carrier, the Seller must notify the Buyer in writing of the delivery status.

_______________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Trường hợp bất đồng hoặc tranh chấp phát sinh từ hay liên quan đến Hợp đồng này, hai bên sẽ gặp nhau để
tìm ra biện pháp hòa giải.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
In the event of a disagreement or dispute arising out of or in connection with this Agreement, the two parties shall meet to find a mediation.

_______________________________________________________________________________________
5. Trường hợp bên Mua vi phạm bất kỳ điều khoản và điều kiện nào của Hợp đồng này, bên Bán được quyền
chấm dứt toàn bộ hay một phần Hợp đồng này hoặc tạm ngưng giao hàng tiếp.
 _________________________________________________________________________________________
In case the Buyer breaches any of the terms and conditions of this Contract, the Seller is entitled to terminate this Contract in whole or in part or
suspend further delivery.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________