GOVERNMENT AND

CITIZENS IN A GLOBALLY
INTERCONNECTED WORLD
OF STATES
 STATE
A state is a community of persons
more or less numerous, permanently
occupying a definite portion of
territory, having a government of
their own to which the great body of
inhabitants render obedience, and
enjoying freedom from external
control.

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 ELEMENTS OF STATE
● People –It refers to the mass of
population living within thestate.
● Territory – It includes not only the
land over which the jurisdiction of
the state extends, but also the rivers
and lakes therein, a certain area of
the sea which abuts upon its coasts
and the air space above it.
● Government – It refers to the
agency through which the will of
the state is formulated, expressed
and carried out.
● Sovereignty – the supreme power of
the state to command and enforce
obedience to its will from people
within its jurisdiction and to have
freedom from foreign control.
● Internal –power of the state to rule
within its territory
● External – freedom of the state to
carry out its activities without
subjection to or control by other
states.
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 Two kinds of Government

- De Jure or Legitimate
Government
- De Facto or Illegitimate
Government
 Kinds of Government
▸ De jure is established ▸
according to the constitution,
and lawfully entitled to
recognition and supremacy
and administration of the
nation.
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De Facto is a government that
maintains itself by a display of
force against the will of the
rightful legal government and
and is successful at least
temporarily in overturning
the institutions of the rightful
government by setting its own
in lieu.
 KINDS OF DE FACTO
GOVERNMENT
▸ Government by ▸ Government by ▸ Government by Occupation
Revolution Secession Is a government established in the
course of war by the invading
is a government Is a government forces of one belligerent country
established by the established by the in the territory of another
inhabitants who rise in inhabitants of a state belligerent country, the
revolt against and depose who secede government which is also
therefrom without displaced.
the legitimate regime.
overthrowing its
government.

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TERRITORIAL DOMAIN OF
STATE
AERIAL DOMAIN

FLUVIAL DOMAIN TERRESTRIAL DOMAIN

NATIONAL TERRITORY
The national territory comprises the Philippine
archipelago, with all the islands and waters embraced
therein, and all other territories over which the Philippines
has sovereignty or jurisdiction, consisting of its terrestrial,
fluvial and aerial domains, including its territorial sea, the
seabed, the subsoil, the insular shelves, and other
submarine areas. The waters around, between, and
connecting the islands of the archipelago, regardless of
their breadth and dimensions, form part of the internal
waters ofthe Philippines.

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PAMBANSANG TERITORYO
Ang pambansang teritoryo ay binubuo ng kapuluang
Pilipinas, kasama ang lahat ng mga pulo at mga karagatan
na nakapaloob dito, at lahat ng iba pang mga teritoryo na
nasa ganap na kapangyarihan o hurisdiksyon ng Pilipinas, na
binubuo ng mga kalupaan, katubigan, at himpapawirin nito,
kasama ang dagat teritoryal, ang lalim ng dagat, ang
kailaliman ng lupa, ang mga kalapagang insular, at ang iba
pang mga pook submarina nito. Ang mga karagatang
nakapaligid, nakapagitan at nag-uugnay sa mga pulo ng
kapuluan, maging ano man ang lawak at mga dimensyon ay
nag-aanyong bahagi ng panloob na karagatan ng Pilipinas.

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 TERRESTRIAL DOMAIN
● The terrestrial domain refers to the
land mass, which may be integrate
or dismembered, or partly bound
by water or consist of one whole
island. It may also be composed of
several islands, like the Philippines.
It also includes all the resources
attached to the land.

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 AERIAL DOMAIN
● This refers to the air space above the land and waters
of the State.
● The rules governing the high seas also apply to outer
space, which is considered res communes. Under
customary international law, States have the right to
launch satellites in orbit over the territorial space of
other States.
● The Outer Space Treaty, formally known as the Treaty
on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the
Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the
Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, is a treaty that
forms the basis of international space law.

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 WHAT IS THE VERTICAL LIMIT OF THE
TERRITORY OF STATE?

● The Karman Line

- It lies at an altitude of 100 kilometers (62 mi)
above the Earth’s sea level and is commonly
used to define the boundary between the
Earth’s atmosphere and outer space.

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THE KARMAN LINE

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 FLUVIAL DOMAIN
● Included in its fluvial domains are as follows:
● Internal waters
● Territorial sea
● Exclusive Economic zone (EEZ)
● Sea bed
● Subsoil
● Insular shelves
● Other submarine areas
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 INTERNAL WATERS
● This include all bodies
of water located inside
the baseline of the
territory including sea,
lakes, rivers, streams
etc.
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 TERRITORIAL WATERS
● Out to 12 nautical
miles from the
baseline, the coastal
state is free to set
laws, regulate use of
any resource.
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 CONTIGUOUS ZONE
● The contiguous zone is a band of
water extending farther from the
outer edge of the territorial sea to
up to 24 nautical miles (44.4 km;
27.6 mi) from the baseline, within
which a state can exert limited
control for the purpose of
preventing or punishing
"infringement of its customs, fiscal,
immigration or sanitary laws and
regulations within its territory or
territorial sea.
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PRINCIPLE OF INNOCENT
PASSAGE
• Vessels were given the right of "innocent
passage" through any territorial waters, with
strategic straits allowing the passage of military
craft as "transit passage", in that naval vessels
are allowed to maintain postures that would be
illegal in territorialwaters.
 EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE
● Extend 200 nautical miles
from the baseline. Within this
area, the coastal nation has
sole exploitation rights over
all natural resources. The
EEZs were introduced to halt
the increasingly heated
clashes over fishing rig hts,
although oil was also
becoming important.

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 SEA BED
● This refers to the land
that holds the sea, lying
beyond the sea shore,
including mineral and
natural resources. SEA BED

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 INSULAR SHELF/ CONTINENTAL
SHELF
● The submerged portions of a
continent or offshore island,
which slope gently seaward from
the low waterline to a point
where there is a substantial
break in grade occurs, at which
point the bottom slopes seaward
at a considerable increase in
slope until the great ocean
depths are reached.
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 OTHER SUBMARINE AREAS
• They refer to all areas under the territorial sea
which includes seamount, trough, trench, basin,
deep, bank shoal and reef.
BASIN
SEAMOUNT SEA
TRENCH

SEA
BANKS

SHOAL REEFS
TYPES OF TERRITORY
 CONTINENTAL TERRITORY
● A territorial size with a
vast huge size of land
area such as the United
States, Australia, and
Canada.

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 FRAGMENTED TERRITORY
● Such as archipelagic
territories with numerous
islands and islets such as
the Philippines and
Indonesia.

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ISLANDED TERRITORY
● One single island territory
just like such as the case
of Iceland.

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 LANDLOCKED TERRITORY
● Territories which are
surrounded by any other
territories such as the case of
Thailand, France, and other
European Countries.

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 ELONGATED TERRITORY
● A territory which elongated
in shape with long coastal
area such as South American
State like Republic of Chile.

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 1947 China’s
Historical Map

LOCATION MAP OF
THE SOUTH SEA
ISLANDS

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 1734 MURILLO MAP
(Father Pedro Murillo Velarde -
cartographer Jesuit priest)
SCARBOROUGH SHOAL - PANAKOT

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Thanks!
Any questions?

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