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Health Education On DM
Health Education On DM
ON
DIABETES MELLITUS
SUBJECT:- MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING
Venue: Classroom
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
After the health talk patients will be able to tell about the:
- What it is diabetes mellitus
-Diagnostic evaluation
-Clinical manifestations
-Management of DM
CAUSES OF TYPE-I DM
Autoimmune destruction of b-cells of the
pancreas
Carcinoma of pancreas
3. 3min Removal of pancreas due to any infection etc.
Lecture cum
To explain discussion
type-II DM TYPE-II DM: Patient
In this type there is relative or partial deficiency understands
of insulin. the type-II DM
There is endogenous production of insulin but
in small amount, so body doesn't depend on
exogenous supply of insulin, and is called as
non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
Type-II DM is mainly occurs in adults or
>30yrs of age, so it is also known as adult onset
diabetes mellitus.
Approximately 90-95% of all diabetic cases
have type-II DM
CAUSES OF TYPE-II DM:
Decreased production of insulin
4. 4min Resistance of the body against the insulin
Increased demand of insulin by the body Lecture cum
To explain discussion
the risk RISK FACTORS: Group
factors of Race understands
DM Obesity the risk factors
History of CVD
HTN
Physical inactivity
Family history
Polycystic ovary
5. 6min Gestational diabetes
Lecture cum
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION:- discussion
To explain Polyuria Patient
the signs Polydipsia understands
and Polyphagia the signs and
symptoms Weight loss symptoms of
of DM
Nausea/ vomiting
Weakness
Fatigue
Increase blood sugar level
Recurrent infection
Prolonged wound healing
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION:
6. 3min
Fasting plasma glucose level
Lecture cum Patient
Oral glucose tolerance test
discussion understands
Urinalysis:-Glycosuria
the diagnostic
-Ketone bodies
evaluation
MANAGEMENT OF DM:
7. 10mi To explain
DIET
n the Lecture cum Understands
EXERCISE
diagnostic discussion the
ORAL HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS
evaluation management
INSULIN THERAPY
of DM of DM in
detail.
To explain
1. DIETARY MANAGEMENT:
the
Follow individualized meal plan and snacks as
managemen
adviced
t of DM in
Balanced diabetic diet-50% CHO, 30% fats and
detail.
20% other vitamins and minerals
Diet should be based on patients age,
occupation and activity
Patient must have adequate CHO intake to
correspond to the time when insulin is more
effective
Routine blood glucose testing before each meal
and bedtime is necessary during initial control,
unstable patient and during illness
Do not skip meals
Measure foods accurately, do not estimate
Less added fat, fewer fatty foods and low
cholesterol
Meal should include more fibre and starch or
fewer simple and refined sugars
Avoid concentrated sweets, high in sugars
(jellies jams cakes)
If taking insulin, eat extra food before periods
of exercise
Avoid periods of fasting
Keep weight at normal level as much as
possible.
EXERCISE:
Promotes use of CHO and enhances action of
insulin.
Decrease blood glucose level
Decrease eed for insulin
Perform exercise after meal to ensure adequate
level of blood glucose.
Excessive or unplanned exercise may trigger
hypoglycemia.
Take insulin or food before active exercise.
Never do exercise without insulin
HEALTH HABITS:
Teach patient about foot care
Teach the patient to manage the minor ailment
(cold, flu etc.) or hypoglycemia and
hyperglycemia.
Maintain fluid intake
Increase frequency of blood testing and urine
testing
Help the patient identify the stressful situations
8. in life style that help in good dietary control Lecture cum
3min Encourage for good and proper daily hygiene discussion
Advice for regular eyes examination Patient
Teach aggressive care for minor cuts or understandsab
injuries. out taking of
insulin and
ADMINISTRATION OF INSULIN OR OTHER other
To explain HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS: medicines
the about Insulin in current use should be kept at room
taking of temperature and all others in refrigerator
insulin and Avoid injecting cold insulin, leads to tissue
other reaction
medicines Roll insulin vial to mix, do not shake and
remove air bubbles from the syringe
Press (do not rub) the site after injection
(rubbing may alter the rate of absorption
Avoid smoking for 30min after injection.
Insulin in current use can be put at room
temperature and all others should be kept in
refrigerator
Avoid injecting cold insulin because it can lead
to tissue reaction
Roll on the insulin vial, don’t shake.
Press the site after injection, do not rub.
(rubbing may alter the rate of absorption).
Avoid smoking for 30 min. after injection.
PREVENTING HYPOGLYCEMIC
REACTIONS DUE TO INSULIN:
Hypoglycemia may be prevented by
maintaining regular exercise, diet and insulin
Early symptoms of hypoglycemia should be
recognized and treated
Carry all times some of simple sugars such as
candy, orange juice etc.
Extra food should be taken before unusual
physical activity or prolonged exercise
Between meal and bedtime snacks may be
necessary to maintain a normal blood glucose
level
Maintain personal hygiene and skin care is also
most essential to prevent any cracking etc.
COMPLICATIONS OF DM:
9. HYPOGLYCEMIA Lecture cum
2min HYPERGLYCEMIA discussion
DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS
INSULIN SHOCK Ask for any
query.
SUMMARY:
Now I summarize the topic diabetes mellitus
To diabetes mellitus what it is
summarize types of diabetes mellitus
the topic diagnostic evaluation
clinical manifestations
management of DM
home care for DM patients