Annasaheb Dange College of Engineering and Technology

ENGINSEERING MATHEMATICS - I
CH.1 - RANK OF MATRIX
1. NORMAL FORM
Que. Reduce the following matrix to normal form & Find its rank

2 1 −3 −6 2 1 −1 3 8
M-2015 1 1 1 −1 −2
1) [3 −3 1 2] 2) [ ] M-2012
D-2014 3 2 −1 0 6
1 1 1 2 0 4 3 2 −8

2 −4 3 1 0 0 1 −3 −1
1 −2 1 −4 2 1 0 1 1
3) [ ] M-2013 4) [ ] M-2014
0 1 −1 3 1 3 1 0 2
4 −7 4 −4 5 1 1 −2 0

1 2 3 0 2 3 −1 −1
2 4 3 2 1 −1 −2 −4
5) [ ] D- 2010 6) [ ] D-2012
3 2 1 3 3 1 3 −2
6 8 7 5 6 3 0 −7

2 3 −1 −1 3 5 −2 4 −1 6
1 −1 −2 −4 −6 −2 1 1 −2 −2
7) [ ] M-2010 8) [ ] D-2009
3 1 3 −2 5 4 1 0 5 10
6 3 0 −7 2 −1 −2 5 −8 −6
Ans. 1. 𝑟 = 3 2. 𝑟 = 4
6 1 3 8 3. 𝑟 = 3 4. 𝑟 = 2
4 2 6 −1
9) [ ] r=2 D-2007 5. 𝑟 = 3 6. 𝑟 = 3
10 3 9 7
16 4 12 15 7. 𝑟 = 3 8. 𝑟 = 3
9. 𝑟 = 2
2. NORMAL FORM – PAQ:
Que. For the following matrix A, find nonsingular matrices P & Q such that PAQ is in the normal form
& hence determine the rank

2 1 −3 −6 1 1 1
D- 2014
1) [3 −3 1 2] M-2011 3) [1 −1 −1] M-2009
D-2011
1 1 1 2 3 1 1

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 1 1 2
Ans. 1. 𝑟 = 3 2. 𝑟 = 2
4) = [1 2 3] D-2008
3. 𝑟 = 2 4. r = 2
0 −1 −1
3. ECHELON FORM:
Que. Reduce the following matrix to Echelon form and hence determine the rank

0 1 −3 −1 8 1 3 6
1 0 1 1
1) [ ] M- 2014 2) [0 3 2 2] D-2008
3 1 0 2
1 1 −2 0 −8 1 −3 4

2 3 −1 −1
1 −1 −2 −4 Ans. 1. 𝑟 = 2 2. 𝑟 = 3
3) [ ] M-2007
3 1 3 −2 3. 𝑟 = 4
6 3 0 −7
4. SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR EQUATIONS:
a) Non Homogeneous Linear Equations
Que. Test for consistency and if possible solve
1) 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 3, 𝑥 + 2 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 4, 𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 9𝑧 = 6 M-2015
Ans. 𝜌(𝐴) = 𝜌(𝐴: 𝐵) = 3 = 𝑛 unique solution 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 1, 𝑧 = 0
2) 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 + 𝑤 = 5 ; 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 – 𝑧 − 2𝑤 = 2; 4𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 7 M- 2014
Ans. 𝜌(𝐴) = 2 ≠ 𝜌(𝐴: 𝐵) = 3 = 𝑛 inconsistent system
3) 𝑥1 + 2𝑥2 − 𝑥3 = 1, 3𝑥1 − 2𝑥2 + 2𝑥3 = 2, 7𝑥1 − 2𝑥2 + 3𝑥3 = 5 M-2011 D- 2014,
3−𝑡 1+5𝑡
Ans. 𝜌(𝐴) = 𝜌(𝐴: 𝐵) = 3 = 𝑟 < 𝑛 = 3 infinite solution 𝑥 = , 𝑦= , 𝑧=𝑡
4 8

4) x + y + z = 3, 2 x - y + 3z = 1, 4x + y +5 z = 2 3x -2 y + z = 4 M-2013
Ans. 𝜌(𝐴) = 2 ≠ 𝜌(𝐴: 𝐵) = 3 = 𝑛 inconsistent system

5) 𝑥1 + 2𝑥2 – 𝑥3 = 3, 3𝑥1 − 𝑥2 + 2𝑥3 = 1, 2𝑥1 − 2𝑥2 + 3𝑥3 = 2, 𝑥1 − 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 = −1 D-2012

D-2007
Ans. 𝜌(𝐴) = 𝜌(𝐴: 𝐵) = 3 = 𝑛 unique solution 𝑥 − 1, 𝑦 = 4, 𝑧 = 4
6) 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 8, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 1, 4𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 4, 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 10 D-2011
Ans. 𝜌(𝐴) = 𝜌(𝐴: 𝐵) = 3 = 𝑛 unique solution 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 2, 𝑧 = 3

7) 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 6, 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 5, 3𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 8 2𝑥 − 2 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 7 M-2009,
D-2008
Ans. 𝜌(𝐴) = 𝜌(𝐴: 𝐵) = 3 = 𝑛 unique solution 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 2, 𝑧 = 3
8) 5𝑥 + 7𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 5; 3𝑥 + 𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 4; 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 15𝑧 + 7 = 0, 4𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 13 = 7 D-2009

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Ans. 𝜌(𝐴) = 𝜌(𝐴: 𝐵) = 3 = 𝑛 unique solution 𝑥 = 5 , 𝑦 = 5 , 𝑧 = 5

9) 2𝑥 + 𝑧 = 4, 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 7, 3 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 1 M-2008
4−𝑡 3𝑡−10
Ans. 𝜌(𝐴) = 𝜌(𝐴: 𝐵) = 2 = 𝑟 < 𝑛 infinite solution 𝑥 = , 𝑦= , 𝑧=𝑡
2 4

10) 5 𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 7𝑧 = 4, 3𝑥 + 26𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 9, 7𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 10𝑧 = 5 M-2007

7−16𝑡 3+𝑡
Ans. 𝜌(𝐴) = 𝜌(𝐴: 𝐵) = 2 = 𝑟 < 𝑛 infinite solution 𝑥 = , 𝑦= , 𝑧=𝑡
11 11

b) Non Homogeneous Equation with parameters

1) Find λ and μ if the following equations has an infinite no. Of solutions.

M-2015
2𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 8; 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 6𝑧 = 5; 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝜆 𝑧 = 𝜇
Ans. 5
𝜆 = 3, 𝜇 = 2

2) For what value of k the equations 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 𝑘, 𝑥 + 4𝑦 +

M- 2014
10𝑧 = 𝑘 2 Have a solution and solve them completely for one of the value of k
Ans. 1) 𝑘 = 1, 𝑥 = 1 + 2𝑡, 𝑦 = −3𝑡, 𝑧 = 𝑡, 2) 𝑘 = 2 𝑥 = 2𝑡, 𝑦 = 1 − 3𝑡, 𝑧 = 𝑡

3) For what values of λ & μ do the system of equations x + y + z = 6, x + 2 y + 3 z = 10,

x + 2y + λ z = μ have i) no solution ii) unique solution and iii) infinite solutions. D-2012
Also obtain unique by selecting proper values of λ & μ
Ans. i) 𝜆 = 3, 𝜇 ≠ 10 ii) 𝜆 ≠ 3, iii) 𝜆 = 3, 𝜇 = 10

4) Find the value of k for which the equations 3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 3, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 3𝑧 + 2 =

M-2010
0, 6𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 𝑘𝑧 + 3 = 0 have infinite solution and hence find the solution.
Ans. 4−5𝑡 13𝑡−9
𝑘 = −5, 𝑥 = , 𝑦= , 𝑧=𝑡
7 7

5) Use matrix method to determine the value of k for which the equation 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 =
D-2010
3, 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 𝑘, 3𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 𝑘 2 Are consistent and solve completely
Ans. 1) 𝑘 = 2, 𝑥 = 1 − 𝑡, 𝑦 = 1, 𝑧 = 𝑡, 2) 𝑘 = 3 𝑥 = 3 − 𝑡, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑧 = 𝑡

c) Homogeneous linear Equations

1) Use matrix method to solve the equations
M-2015
𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 0, 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 0, 𝑥 − 11𝑦 + 14𝑧 = 0.
Ans. −10𝑡 8𝑡
𝜌(𝐴) = 2 = 𝑟 < 𝑛 nontrival solution 𝑥 = , 𝑦= , 𝑧=𝑡
7 7

2) Solve 2𝑥– 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 0, 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0, 𝑥– 4𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 0. D-2012, M-2011 M- 2014,

Ans. 𝜌(𝐴) = 2 = 𝑟 < 𝑛 non-trivial solution 𝑥 = −𝑡, 𝑦 = 𝑡, 𝑧 = 𝑡 M-2008
d) Homogeneous Equation with parameters
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 3) Determine the rank of the coefficient matrix for the system of equations 𝑥 + 2𝑦 +
D- 2014
3𝑧 = 0; 𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 0; 2𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 0 and hence find non-trivial solution
−𝑡
Ans. 𝜌(𝐴) = 2 = 𝑟 < 𝑛 non-trivial solution 𝑥 = −4𝑡, 𝑦 = , 𝑧=𝑡
2

4) Use matrix method to solve following set of equations.

M-2012
𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 0; 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 0; 3𝑥– 5𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 0; 𝑥 + 17𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 0
−11𝑡 −𝑡
Ans. 𝜌(𝐴) = 2 = 𝑟 < 𝑛 non-trivial solution 𝑥 = , 𝑦= , 𝑧=𝑡
7 7

5) Solve 3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 5𝑧 = 0, 5𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 6𝑧 = 0, 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 0, 𝑥– 5𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0 M-2010
3𝑡 𝑡
Ans. 𝜌(𝐴) = 2 = 𝑟 < 𝑛 non-trivial solution 𝑥 = , 𝑦 = 2, 𝑧 = 𝑡
2

6) Solve the equation

D-2010
𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 0; 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0; 4𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 0; 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 0
Ans. 𝜌(𝐴) = 3 = 𝑟 = 𝑛 trivial solution 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑧 = 0
7) Solve by matrix method:
M-2009
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 0; 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 0; 𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 0, 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 7𝑧 = 0.
Ans. 𝜌(𝐴) = 2 = 𝑟 < 𝑛 non-trivial solution 𝑥 = −𝑡, 𝑦 = −𝑡, 𝑧 = 𝑡
1) Find the value of 𝜆 for which the following system of equations has non-trivial solution
D- 2014,
and find the non-trivial solution of the system
D-2011
3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝜆 𝑧 = 0; 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 𝜆 𝑧 = 0; 8𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 6𝑧 = 0
𝑡, 𝑡,
Ans. 𝜆 = 1, 𝑥 = 𝑦 = −2, 𝑧 = 𝑡
2

2) Determine the values of k for which following system has non-zero solution & find the
D-2009
solution for each value of k, 3𝑥 + 𝑦– 𝑘𝑧 = 0; 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 0; 2𝑘𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 𝑘𝑧 = 0
𝑡 𝑡 3𝑡 9𝑡,
Ans. 1) 𝑘 = 1, 𝑥 = 2 𝑦 = − 2 , 𝑧 = 𝑡, 2) 𝑘 = 2 𝑥 = − 𝑦=− , 𝑧=𝑡
2 2

3) Find the value of K for which the equations 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 0, 3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 0, 7𝑥 +

M-2013
𝑘𝑦 − 𝑧 = 0 has non-trivial solution and hence find the solution.
−7𝑡, 12𝑡,
Ans. 𝑘 = 5, 𝑥 = 𝑦= , 𝑧=𝑡
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 Annasaheb Dange College of Engineering and Technology
APPLIED MATHEMATICS - I
CH.2 – Numerical solution of Simultaneous system of linear equations
Solving the following equations using the methods
1) Gauss elimination method,
2) Gauss -Jordan method,
3) Jacobi’s iteration method and
4) Gauss Seidel method

Solve 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 10, 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 18, 𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 9𝑧 = 16 M-2014

Solve 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 8, 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 20,4𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 16

Solve 20𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 17, 3𝑥 + 20𝑦 − 𝑧 = −18, 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 20𝑧 = 25

Solve 10𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 11, 𝑥 + 10𝑦 + 𝑧 = 28, − 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 10𝑧 = 35.61 correct to 2 decimal

Solve2𝑥 + 20𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 19, 3𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 25𝑧 = 22, 15𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧 = 18 up to 3rd iteration

Solve 10𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 12, 2𝑥 + 10𝑦 + 𝑧 = 13, 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 7 up to third iteration M-2014

Solve 20𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 17, 3𝑥 + 20𝑦 − 𝑧 = −18,2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 20𝑧 = 25

Solve 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 34, 𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 22𝑧 = 12, 𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 8𝑧 = 8

Solve 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 20, 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 6, 𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 10

Solve 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 6𝑧 = 17, 3𝑥 + 12𝑦 − 𝑧 = −18, 12𝑥 − 𝑦 + 6𝑧 = 25

Solve50𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 11, 𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 𝑧 = 28, − 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 35 correct to 2 decimal

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 APPLIED MATHEMATICS - I
CH.3 - EIGEN VALUES EIGEN VECTORS
1. LINEAR DEPENDENT AND LINEAR INDEPENDENT:
Que. Examine for L.D. or L. I. Of vectors. If dependent find the relation between them
1) [3 1 1]; [2 0 − 1]; [4 2 1]. M-2009 M-2015
Ans. Vectors are linearly independent
2) [ 1 3 4 2]; [3 − 5 2 6]; [2 − 1 3 4] D-2012 M- 2014
Ans. Vectors are linearly dependent 𝑋1 + 𝑋2 = 2𝑋3
3) (1 2 1); (2 1 4); (4 5 6) M-2012, D- 2014
Ans. Vectors are linearly dependent 2𝑋1 + 𝑋2 = 𝑋3
4) [1 1 0 1]; [1 1 1 1]; [4 4 1 1]; [1 0 0 1]; D-2011
Ans. Vectors are linearly independent
5) [3 1 − 4]; [2 2 − 3]; [0 − 4 1] M-2011
Ans. Vectors are linearly dependent 2𝑋1 = 3𝑋2 + 𝑋3
7 −1 3
6 1 4
6) Determine the linear dependence of row vectors of [ ] M-2010
2 4 8
−2 −1 2
Ans. Vectors are linearly dependent 3𝑋2 + 𝑋4 = 2𝑋1 + 𝑋3
Define linear dependence of vectors & show that vectors [1 2 3] T; [3 -2 1]T D-2010
7)
[1 -6 -5] T are L. D. If dependent find the relation between them M-2008
Ans. Vectors are linearly dependent 2𝑋1 + 𝑋3 = 𝑋2
8) (1 1 3); (1 3 − 3); (−2 − 4 − 4); (− 9 − 25 9) D-2009
Ans. Vectors are linearly dependent 5𝑋2 + 𝑋4 = 2𝑋1 + 3𝑋3
9) [ 1 1 1 3]; [1 2 3 4]; [2 3 4 7]. M-2013 D-2008
Ans. Vectors are linearly dependent 𝑋1 + 𝑋2 = 𝑋3
10) [1 1 3 1]; [2 2 7 -1]; [3 -1 2 4] D-2007
Ans. Vectors are linearly independent
11) [2 3 - 1 - 1]; [1 – 1 - 2 - 4]; [3 1 3 - 2]; [6 3 0 - 7] M-2007
Ans. Vectors are linearly dependent 𝑋1 + 𝑋2 + 𝑋3 = 𝑋4
EIGEN VALUES AND EIGEN VECTORS
CAYLEY HAMILTON’S THEOREM
Que. Verify Cayley Hamilton’s theorem

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 1) 2 1 1
Find Eigen values of the matrix A= [1 2 1 ] And hence find the Eigen value
0 0 1
of 𝐴𝑇 ; (𝐴𝑑𝑗 − 𝐴) And 𝐴−1
Cha eqn. 𝜆3 − 5𝜆2 + 7𝜆 − 3 = 0 ; Eigen value of A = 1, 1, 3 = Eigen value of 𝐴𝑇 ;
1 1 1
Ans. Eigen value of (𝐴𝑑𝑗 𝐴) = 3 , 3 , 1 and Eigen value of 𝐴−1 = 1, 1, 3
M-2015
Eigen vector for 𝜆 = 1, [−1, 1, 0], [−1 0 1];Eigen vector for 𝜆 = 3, [1 1 0]
2) 3 10 5
Find the Eigen vector for least Eigen value of the matrix [−2 −3 −4]
3 5 7
n 3 2
Cha eq . 𝜆 − 7𝜆 + 16𝜆 − 12 = 0 ; Eigen value of A = 2, 2, 3
Ans.
Eigen vector for 𝜆 = 2, [−5 − 2 5]; Eigen vector for 𝜆 = 3, [−1 − 1 2]
3) −2 5 4
Find Eigen values of the matrix A= [ 5 7 5 ] And Eigen vector
4 5 −2
corresponding to the smallest Eigen value.
Cha eqn. 𝜆3 − 3𝜆2 − 90𝜆 − 216 = 0 ; Eigen value of A = -6, -3, 12
Ans.
Eigen vectors for 𝜆 = −6, [−1 0 1]; for 𝜆 = −3, [1 − 1 1]; for 𝜆 = 12, [1 2 1]
4) 6 −2 2 M- 2014
Find the Eigen value of the matrix [−2 3 −1 ]And hence Eigen values of
2 −1 3
(𝐴𝑑𝑗 𝐴) And 𝐴−1
Cha eqn. 𝜆3 − 12𝜆2 + 36𝜆 − 32 = 0 ; Eigen value of A = 2, 2, 8
1 1 1 1 1 1
Ans. Eigen values of (𝐴𝑑𝑗 𝐴) = , , 4 And Eigen values of 𝐴−1 = 2 , ,
16 16 2 8

Eigen vectors for 𝜆 = 2, [1 2 0], [−1 0 2]; for 𝜆 = 8, [2 − 1 1]

5) 2 1 1
Find Eigen values of the matrix A= [2 3 2 ] And hence find the Eigen value
3 3 4
of 𝐴−1 ,𝐴2 And 3𝐴
Cha eqn. 𝜆3 − 9𝜆2 + 15𝜆 − 7 = 0 ; Eigen value of A = 1, 1, 7 Eigen values of
1
Ans. 3𝐴 = 3, 3, 21 And Eigen values of 𝐴−1 = 1, 1, 7 Eigen value of 𝐴2 = 1, 1, 49
D- 2014
Eigen vectors for 𝜆 = 1, [−1 0 1], [−1 1 0]; for 𝜆 = 7 [1 2 3]
D-2011
6) 1 1 1
Find the Eigen values of the matrix 𝐴 = [1 2 1] And Eigen vector
3 2 3
corresponding to the smallest Eigen value.
Cha eqn. 𝜆3 − 6𝜆2 + 5𝜆 = 0 ; Eigen value of A = 0, 1, 5
Ans.
Eigen vectors for 𝜆 = 0, [−1 0 1], for 𝜆 = 1, [0 − 1 1]; for 𝜆 = 5, [4 5 11]

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 7) 8 −6 2
M-2012
Find Eigen values of the matrix A= [−6 7 −4 ] And Eigen vector
2 −4 3 M-2007
corresponding to the greatest Eigen value of matrix A.
Cha eqn. 𝜆3 − 18𝜆2 + 45𝜆 = 0 ; Eigen value of A = 0, 3, 15
Ans.
Eigen vectors for 𝜆 = 0, [1 2 2], for 𝜆 = 3, [−2 − 1 2]; for 𝜆 = 15, [2 − 2 1]
8) 4 2 −2 D-2012
i) Find Eigen values of the matrix A= [−5 3 2 ] And Eigen vector
−2 4 1 D-2008
corresponding to the greatest Eigen value of matrix A. D-2007
ii) Find 𝐴−1 By using characteristic equation of matrix A
Cha eqn. 𝜆3 − 8𝜆2 + 17𝜆 − 10 = 0 ; Eigen value of A = 1, 2 5
Ans.
Eigen vectors for 𝜆 = 1, [2 1 4], for 𝜆 = 2, [1 1 2]; for 𝜆 = 5, [0 1 1]
9) 1 1 3
Find Eigen values and Eigen vector of the matrix A = [1 5 1 ] M-2011
3 1 1
Cha eqn. 𝜆3 − 7𝜆2 + 36 = 0 ; Eigen value of A = -2, 3, 6
Ans.
Eigen vectors for 𝜆 = −2, [−1 0 1], for 𝜆 = 3, [1 − 1 1]; for 𝜆 = 6, [1 2 1]
10) Obtain the Eigen values of adjoint of A and also find Eigen vector M-2010
3 −1 1
corresponding to largest Eigen value of A where 𝐴 = [−1 5 −1] M-2013
1 −1 3
Cha eqn. 𝜆3 − 11𝜆2 + 36𝜆 − 36 = 0 ; Eigen value of A = 2, 3, 6
Ans.
Eigen vectors for 𝜆 = 2, [−1 0 1], for 𝜆 = 3, [1 1 1]; for 𝜆 = 6, [1 − 2 1]
11) 6 −2 2
Find Eigen values and Eigen vector of the matrix A = [ −2 3 −1] D-2010
2 −1 3
Cha eqn. 𝜆3 − 12𝜆2 + 36𝜆 − 32 = 0 ; Eigen value of A = 2, 2, 8
Ans.
Eigen vectors for 𝜆 = 2, [−1 0 2], [1 2 0]; for 𝜆 = 8, [2 − 1 1]
12) −2 2 −3
Find Eigen values of the matrix A= [ 2 1 −6 ] And Eigen vector M-2009
−1 −2 0
corresponding to the greatest Eigen value of matrix A.
Cha eqn. 𝜆3 + 𝜆2 − 21𝜆 − 45 = 0 ; Eigen value of A = -3, -3, 5
Ans.
Eigen vectors for 𝜆 = −3, [−2 1 0], [3 0 1]; for 𝜆 = 5, [−1 − 2 1]
13) Obtain the Eigen values of A and A2 and also find Eigen vectors of A
3 10 5 D-2009
Where A = [−2 −3 −4]
3 5 7
Cha eqn. 𝜆3 − 7𝜆2 + 16𝜆 − 12 = 0 ; Eigen value of A = 2, 2, 3 Eigen vectors for
Ans.
𝜆 = 2, [−5 , −2, 5], for 𝜆 = 3, [−1 − 1 2] Eigen value of A2 = 4, 4,9

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 14) 4 0 1
Find the Eigen value of the matrix A = [−2 1 0] Hence determine Eigen M-2008
−2 0 1
value of 𝐴−1
Cha eqn. 𝜆3 − 6𝜆2 + 11𝜆 − 6 = 0 ;
1 1
Ans. Eigen value of A = 1, 2, 3 and Eigen value of 𝐴−1 = 1, 2 , 3
Eigen vectors for 𝜆 = 1, [0 1 0], for 𝜆 = 2, [−1 2 2]; for 𝜆 = 3, [−1 1 1]

1 2 −2 M-2015
1) A = [−1 3 0 ] Use if to find𝐴−1 And 𝐴4
0 −2 1 M-2013

Cha eqn. 𝜆3 − 5𝜆2 + 8𝜆 − 1 = 0

−1 12 −4 −13 42 −2 −55 104 24
A2 = [−4 7 2 ] , A3 = [−11 9 10 ] , A4 = [−20 −15 32 ],
Ans. 2 −8 1 10 −22 −3 32 −40 −23
3 2 6
A−1 = [1 1 2]
2 2 5
1 2 3
2) A = [2 4 5 ] M-2014
3 5 6
Cha eqn. 𝜆3 − 11𝜆2 − 4𝜆 + 1 = 0
Ans. 14 25 31 157 283 353
A2 = [25 45 56 ] , A3 = [283 510 636 ]
31 56 70 353 636 793
1 1 3 D-2012
3) A=[ 1 3 −3 ] Also use it to find 𝐴−1, find 𝐴4 D-2007
−2 −4 −4 M-2010
Cha eqn. 𝜆3 − 20𝜆 + 8 = 0
−4 −8 −12 12 20 60 −88 −168 −264
A2 = [ 10 22 6 ] , A3
[ 20 52 −60 ] , A4
= [ 192 416 144 ],
Ans. 2 2 22 −40 −80 −88 56 72 472
3 1 3/2
−1
A = [−5/4 −1/4 −3/4 ]
−1/4 −1/4 −1/4
4 3 1
4) A = [2 1 −2 ] Hence obtain 𝐴4 D-2011
1 2 1

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 Cha eqn. 𝜆3 − 6𝜆2 + 6𝜆 − 11 = 0
Ans. 23 17 −1 125 84 −12 656 435 −55
2 3 4
A =[8 3 −2 ] , A = [ 36 23 0 ] , A = [190 131 −10 ],
9 7 −2 48 30 −7 245 160 −19
1 2 3
5) 𝐴 = [2 −1 4 ] And find 𝐴−1 M-2009
3 1 −1
Cha eqn. 𝜆3 + 𝜆2 − 18𝜆 − 40 = 0
Ans. 14 3 8 44 33 46 −3/40 1/8 11/40
A2 = [12 9 −2 ] , A3
= [ 24 13 74 ] , A−1
= [ 7/20 −1/4 1/20 ]
2 4 14 52 14 8 1/8 1/8 −1/8
2 −1 1
6) A = [−1 2 −1 ] M-2008
1 −1 2
Cha eqn. 𝜆3 − 6𝜆2 + 9𝜆 − 4 = 0
Ans. 6 −5 5 22 −21 21
A2 = [−5 6 −5 ] , A3 = [−21 22 −21 ]
5 −5 5 21 −21 22
1 1 2
7) A = [3 1 1 ] M-2007
2 3 1
Cha eqn. 𝜆3 − 3𝜆2 − 7𝜆 − 11 = 0
Ans. 8 8 5 42 31 29
A2 = [ 8 7 8 ] , A3 = [45 39 31 ],
13 8 8 53 45 42
8 −8 −2
8) Show that the following matrix satisfies its characteristic equation [4 −3 −2 ] D-2014
3 −4 1
Cha eqn. 𝜆3 − 6𝜆2 + 11𝜆 − 6 = 0
Ans. 26 −32 −2 74 −104 −10
2 3
A = [14 −15 −4 ] , A = [40 −51 −2 ]
11 −16 3 33 −52 13
2 1 1
Find the characteristic equation of the matrix 𝐴 = [0 1 0 ] And hence use it to find
9) M-2012
1 1 2
inverse of matrix A

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 Cha eqn. 𝜆3 − 5𝜆2 + 7𝜆 − 3 = 0
Ans. 5 4 4 14 13 13 2/3 −1/3 −1/3
2
A = [0 1 0 ] , A3 = [ 0 1 −1
0 ],A = [ 0 1 0 ],
4 4 5 13 13 14 −1/3 −1/3 2/3
1 3 7
Find the characteristic equation of the matrix [4 2 3 ] And Show that the
10) M-2011
1 2 1
characteristic equation is satisfied by A
Cha eqn. 𝜆3 − 5𝜆2 − 20𝜆 − 35 = 0
Ans. 20 23 23 135 152 232
2 3
A = [15 22 37 ] , A = [140 163 208 ]
10 9 14 60 76 111
1 4
Find Characteristics equation for A = [ ] And use it to find D-2010
11) 2 3
𝐴5 + 5𝐴4 − 6𝐴3 + 2𝐴2 − 4𝐴 − 7𝐼 In terms of A. D-2008

Cha eqn. 𝜆2 − 4𝜆 − 5 = 0
Ans. 9 16 1861 3676
A2 = [ ] , 𝐴5 + 5𝐴4 − 6𝐴3 + 2𝐴2 − 4𝐴 − 7𝐼 = 919𝐴 + 942𝐼 = [ ]
8 17 1838 3699
7 −1 3
12) Use Cayley Hamilton Thm & find A-1 where A = [6 1 4] D-2009
2 4 8
Cha eqn. 𝜆3 − 16𝜆2 + 55𝜆 − 50 = 0
Ans. 49 4 41 449 119 491 −4/25 2/5 −7/50
2
A = [56 11 54 ] , A3 = [566 171 −1
644 ] , A = [ −4/5 1 −1/5 ],
54 34 86 754 324 986 11/25 −3/5 13/50

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 Annasaheb Dange College of Engineering and Technology
APPLIED MATHEMATICS - I
CH.4 – Curve Fitting
1. The following figures relate to advertising expenditure and sales.
Advertising expenditure
X (Rs. Lakhs): 60 62 65 70 75 71 73
Sales Y (Rs. Crores) 10 11 13 15 16 19 14
Estimate the sales for advertising expenditure of Rs. 90 lakhs. (Ans. Y =23.4286)
2. A panels of two judges A and B graded seven debaters independently awarded the following marks.
Marks by A (X): 40 34 28 30 44 38 31
Marks by B (Y): 32 39 26 30 38 34 28
Find the regression equation of Y on X and Also find the value of Y when X = 36
(Ans. Y = 0.5874 X +11.8696, when X =36, Y = 33)
3. Obtain the equation of two lines of regression for the following data. Also obtain the estimate of X for Y = 70
X: 65 66 67 67 68 69 70 72
Y: 67 68 65 68 72 72 69 71
(Ans. Y = 0.665 X + 23.78, X = 0.54Y +30.74, Y = 70 ⟹ X = 68.54)
4. for the following data obtain Find the regression equation of Y on X and hence estimate the value of when X
= 50
X: 78 36 98 25 75 82 90 62 65 39
Y: 84 51 91 60 68 62 86 58
53 47
(Ans. Y = 0.5009 X +44.4396 and when X = 50, Y = 58.486)
5. From following data find the equation of the line of regression of Y on X and estimate the most probable
value of Y when X=80
X: 89 86 74 65 64 63 66 67 72 79
Y: 92 91 84 75 73 72 71 75 78 84
(Ans. Y = 0.808 X +20.94 and
Y = 85.56)
6. Find the regression line of Y on X for the following data and estimate Y when X = 9
X: 18 26 28 31 25
19 35

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 Y: 11 16 19 17 14 11 24
(Ans. Y = 0.71 X – 2.5714 when X = 9, Y = 3.857)
7. From the following data find the equations of the line of regression and estimate the value of Y when X = 80
and of X when X = 85
X: 89 86 74 55 64
63 67 67 72 79
Y: 92 91 84 75 73
72 21 75 78 84
(Ans. i) Y= 0.8076 X + 20.95, X = 1.177 Y – 21.08, X = 80 ⟹ Y= 85.55, Y = 85 ⟹ X = 78.97)
8. Following data gives the height in inches (X) and the weight in lbs (Y) of random sample of 10 students from
large group of student of age 17years.
X: 61 68 68 64 65 70
63 62 64 67
Y: 112 123 130 115 110 125 100 113 116 126
Estimate the weight of the student of height 59 inches (Ans-126.4)
9. The table below gives the respective heights X and Y of a sample of 10 fathers and their sons: i) Find the
regression line of Y on X. ii) Find the regression line of X on Y iii) Estimate son’s height if father’s height is
65 inches. iv)Estimate father’s height if son’s height is 60 inches. v) compute correlation coefficient between X
and Y.
Height of father X
65 63 67 64 68 62 70 66 68 67
(inches)
Height of son Y (inches) 68 66 68 65 69 66 68 65 71 67
(Ans. i) Y = 0.4821 X + 35.4821, ii) X = 0.8411Y + 9.3940 iii) Y = 66.8179 iv) X = 59.86 v) r = 0.6368
10. Following data are related to marks in Accountancy (X) and marks in statistics (Y) of 10 students.

X 66 65 68 68 67 66 70 64 69 67
Y 68 67 67 70 65 68 70 66 68 66
Calculate regression coefficients, hence correlation coefficient between X and Y. ii) Estimate marks in
statistics of a student who has scored 76 marks in Accountancy. iii)Estimate marks in Accountancy of a student
who has obtained 60 marks in statistics.
(Ans. i) bYX = 0.5, bXY = 0.61, r = 0.55, ii) 77, iii) 52.)
11. Following are the marks in Statistics (X) and Mathematics (Y) of ten students
X: 56 55 58 57 56 60 54 59 57 54
Y: 68 67 67 70 65 68 70 66 68 66
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Calculate the coefficient of correlation and estimate marks in mathematics of a students who score 62 marks in
statistics
12. Obtain the two line of regression equation and estimate the yield of crop when the rainfall is 29 cm and
rainfall when yield is 600 kg
Yield in kg(X) rainfall in cm(Y)
Mean 508.4 26.7
S. D. 36.8 4.6 and r = 0.52
(Ans. Y = 0.0650X – 6.3460, Y = 32.6540, X = 4.16Y + 397.3280 and X = 517.9680)
13. Given the data for two tests:
Marks in Hindi (X) Marks in Marathi (Y)
Mean 75 70
S. D. 6 8 and r = 0.72
Obtain the two lines of regression equations and estimate the marks in Hindi when a student gets 5 marks in
Marathi. (Ans. i) Y = 0.96X – 1.9999, ii) X = 0.54Y + 37.2, when Y = 5, X = 39.9)
14. Given the following values, estimate the yield of wheat, when the rainfall is 15.5cms
Yield of wheat (kgs. Per unit area) 10.7 8.1
Annual rainfall (cms.) 20.5 5.0
Correlation coefficient = 0.52 (Ans. X = 0.3210Y + 4.1198, when Y =15.5, X = 9.0951)
15. Given the following information about marks of 60 student’s data for two tests:
Accountancy (X) Economics (Y)
Mean 80 50
S. D. 15 10 and r = 0.4
Estimate the marks of student in accountancy who scored 60 marks in Economics
(Ans. i) X = 0.6Y + 50 when Y = 60 , X = 86)
16. Given the following information:
Mean height (𝑋̅) = 120.5cm, Mean age (𝑌̅) = 10.37 years, S.D. of X = 12.7cm, S.D. of Y = 2.39 years
correlation coefficient between and Y = 0.93
i) Fit the two regression lines. Ii) Estimate the height of a boy of 12 years.
(Ans. i)Y = 0.175X − 10.7194 ii) X = 4.9418 Y + 69.2533 iii) 128.56)
17. Following is the information about the bivariate frequency distribution:
𝑛 = 20 ∑ 𝑋 = 80 , ∑ 𝑌 = 40 , ∑ 𝑋 2 = 1680 , ∑ 𝑌 2 = 320 , ∑ 𝑋𝑌 = 480
i) Obtain the regression lines.

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 ii) Estimate Y for X = 3and estimate X for Y = 3
(Ans. i) 3X = 4Y + 4, 17Y =4X + 18 ii) X =5.3333, Y = 1.7647)
18. You are given the following information about two variables X and Y:
𝑛 = 10 ∑ 𝑋 2 = 385 , ∑ 𝑌 2 = 192 , ∑ 𝑋𝑌 = 185 , 𝑋̅ = 5.5, 𝑌̅ = 4
Find i) Regression lines of Y on X ii) regression line of X on Y
(Ans. Y= - 0.4242X+6.3331 ii) X = -1.09375Y+9.875)
19. Following is the information about the bivariate frequency distribution:
𝑛 = 8 ∑ 𝑋 = 59 , ∑ 𝑌 = 40 , ∑ 𝑋 2 = 524 , ∑ 𝑌 2 = 256 , ∑ 𝑋𝑌 = 364
Find the regression equation of X on Y . (Ans. i) X = 1.2312Y + 1.2143)
20. You are given the following information about two variables X and Y:
𝑛 = 7 ∑ 𝑋 = 56 , ∑ 𝑌 = 56 ∑ 𝑋 2 = 476 , ∑ 𝑋𝑌 = 469.
Find i) Regression lines of Y on X ii) Estimate the income of a person who has completed 13 years of services
(Ans. i) Y= 0.75X + 2 ii) when X = 13, Y =11.75(in Rs. 100) = 1175Rs.)
21. The equation 40X − 18Y − 214 = 0 and 8X − 10Y + 66 = 0 are the lines of regression of X on Y and on
Y respectively. Find i) Mean values of X and Y. ii) correlation coefficient between X and Y.
(Ans. Mean of X = 13 and Mean of Y = 17, ii) r = 0.6)
22. For a certain data of two variables, marks in Maths and marks in Accountancy, two regression lines are
̅ and ̅Y ii) r
given as, 3X + 2Y − 26 = 0, 6X + Y − 31 = 0 Find i) X
(Ans. Mean of X = 4 and Mean of Y = 7, ii) r = −0.5)
23. For two variables X and Y, the regression equation of X on Y is 𝑋 = 4𝑌 − 3 regression equation of Y
̅ and ̅Y
on X is 9Y = X + 13 Find i) X ii) r
(Ans. Mean of X = 5 and Mean of Y = 2, ii) r = 0.6667)
4 3
24. For two variables X and Y, the regression equation of X on Y is 𝑋 = 5 𝑌 − 5 regression equation of Y on

X is 9Y = 5X + 13 Find i) ̅
X and ̅Y ii) r
(Ans. Mean of X = 1 and Mean of Y = 2, ii) r = 0.6667)
25. For two variables X and Y, the regression equations are given by 10𝑋 + 3𝑌 − 62 = 0, 6𝑋 + 5Y − 50 =
0 Find i) ̅
X and ̅Y ii) r
(Ans. Mean of X = 5 and Mean of Y = 4, ii) r = −0.6)
Fitting of trace line
1. Fit a first degree curve to the following data and estimate the value of y
when x = 73
x: 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

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y: 1 3 5 10 6 4 2 1 (Ans. y = 4.64 - 0.0143 x, y = 3.5691)
2. Fit a straight line to the given data regarding x as the independent variable:
X 1 2 3 4 6 8
Y 2.4 3.1 3.5 4.2 5.0 6.0 (Ans. y = 2.0253 + 0.502x)
3. Fit a straight line y = a + b x to the following data by the method of least square:
X 0 1 3 6 8
Y 1 3 2 5 4 (Ans. y = 1.6 + 0.38x)
4. Obtain the relation of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 from the following data
x: 2 3 4 5 6
y: 8.3 15.3 33.1 65.1 127.4
(Ans. 𝑦 = − 0.6536 + 28.8 𝑥)
5. Obtain the relation of the form 𝑦 = 𝑐 + 𝑚 𝑝 from the following data
p: 100 120 140 160 180 200
y: 0.45 0.55 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.8 (𝐀𝐧𝐬. y = 0.0476 + 0.0041x)
6. Obtain the relation of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 from the following data
x: 0 1 2 3 4
y: 1 1.8 1.3 2.5 6.3 (Ans. 𝑦 = − 065.36 + 28.8 𝑥)
7. Find the least square approximation of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 2 for the following data:
X 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
Y 1 1.01 0.99 0.85 0.81 0.75 (Ans. y = 1.0032 + 1.1081 𝑥 2 )
8. Fit a second degree parabola to the following data by the least square method:
x: 1 2 3 4 5
y: 1090 1220 1390 1625 1915 (Ans. y = 27.5x 2 + 40.5x + 1024)
9. Fit a second-degree parabola to the following data by least squares method.
X 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937
y 352 356 357 358 360 361 361 360 359
( Ans. y = − 1010135.08 + 1044.69 x − 0.27x2)
10. Fit a second degree parabola to the following data:
x: 0 1 2
y: 1 6 17 (Ans. y =1 + 2 x + 3 𝑥 2 )
11. Fit a second degree parabola to the following data:
x: 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

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y: 1.1 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.7 3.4 4.1
(Ans. y = 1.04 + 1.93x + 0.243𝑥 2 )
12. Fit a second degree parabola to the following data by the least square method:
x: 1 2 3 4 5
y: 1090 1220 1390 1625 1915 (Ans. y = 27.5x 2 + 40.5x + 1024)
13. Fit a second degree parabola to the following data by the least square method:
x: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
y: 2 6 7 8 10 11 11 10 9 (Ans. y = - 0.27x 2 + 3.55x - 1)
14. Fit a parabola y = a + b x + c𝑥 2 to the following data:
x: 2 4 6 8 10
y: 3.07 12.85 31.47 57.38 91.29 (Ans. y = 0.34 + 0.78 x + 0.99𝑥 2 )
15. Fit a second degree parabola to the following data :
x: 1 2 3 4 5
y: 1090 1220 1390 1625 1915 (Ans. y = 0.55x 2 + 1.07x + 1.24)
16. Determine the constants a and b by the method of least squares such that 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑒 𝑏𝑥 fits the following data:
x: 2 4 6 8 10
y: 4.077 11.084 30.128 81.897 222.62 (Ans. 𝑦 = 1.49989𝑒 0.50001𝑥 )
17. Fit a second degree parabola in the following data:
x: 0 1 2 3 4
y: 1 4 10 17 30 (Ans. y = 1 + 2x + 3𝑥 2 )
18. Fit an exponential curve of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑏 𝑥 to the following data:
x: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
y: 1 1.2 1.8 2.5 3.6 4.7 6.6 9.1

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 Annasaheb Dange College of Engineering and Technology
APPLIED MATHEMATICS - I
CH.5 - EXPANSION OF FUNCTIONS

1. MACLAURIN’S THEOREM:

1) Expand log(1 + sin 𝑥) By Maclaurin’s theorem M-2015

𝜋 0
2) Expand tan( 4 + 𝑥) Using Maclaurin’s expansion. Also find value of tan(46.5 )
D-2009
D-2014, M-2013
3) Expand log(1 + 𝑒 𝑥 ) By Maclaurin’s theorem M-2010 D-2012
4) 𝜋 𝑥3 𝑥5
Using Maclaurin’s series prove that log [tan ( 4 + 𝑥)] = 2𝑥 + 4 +6 + … D-2011
3 5

5) Using Maclaurin’s series prove that 𝑒 𝑥 Sec 𝑥 = 1 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + ⋯ … … … M-2011

6) 𝑥4
Using Maclaurin’s series prove that 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 + +⋯ D-2010
6

2.STANDARD EXPANSIONS:
𝑥2 𝑥3 11𝑥 4
Show that 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 = 1 + 𝑥 + − − ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ D-2014 M-2015
1) 2 3 24

2) 𝑥2 1 𝑥4
Show that log(1 + sin 𝑥) = 𝑥 − + 6 𝑥 3 − 12 … M-2014
2

3) 2𝑥 4
Prove that sec 2 𝑥 = 1 + 𝑥 2 + +⋯ M-2014
3

4) Obtain the expansion of sec 2 𝑥 and log sec 𝑥 M-2012

5) Find expansion of (1 + 𝑥)𝑥 Up to 𝑥 5 . M-2009
1
6) Obtain expansion for log(log(1 + 𝑥) ⁄𝑥 ) up to 𝑥 3 . D-2007

3. TAYLOR’S THEOREM

Expand 2𝑥 3 + 7𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 6 in powers of (𝑥 − 2)
1) M-2015
2) Using Taylor’s series express (𝑥 − 2)4 − 3(𝑥 − 2)3 + 4(𝑥 − 2)2 + 5 in powers of x. D-2014
M-2013
3) Expand 𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 in powers of (𝑥 − 3) M-2014
4) 𝜋
Using Taylor’s theorem find expansion of tan (𝑥 + 4 ) In ascending power of
D-2012
𝑥 upto 𝑥 4 And find approximately value of Tan(430 )
5) Using Taylor’s theorem find approximate value of Sin(300 30′ ) M-2011

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 6) Arrange in powers of x , by Taylor’s theorem
D-2010
3 4 5
17 + 6(𝑥 + 2) + 3(𝑥 + 2) + (𝑥 + 2) − (𝑥 + 2) D-2008
7) Expand the function√𝑥 + ℎ Using Taylor’s series. Hence find the value of √25.15 M-2010
D-2011
8) Using Taylor’s series express (𝑥 + 2)4 − 3(𝑥 + 2)3 + 4(𝑥 + 2)2 + 5 in powers of x D-2009
D-2007
9) 1
Given Sin 300 = 2 Use Taylor’s theorem to evaluate Sin 310 Up to 4 decimal M-2007

4. INDETERMINATE FORM

𝑥 1 M-2015
Evaluate lim [ − ] (∞ − ∞)form
1) 𝑥→1 𝑥−1 log 𝑥

2) sin 2𝑥+𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 0
If lim is finite, find the value of p and find limit (0) form M-2014
𝑥→0 𝑥3

3) log tan 𝑥 ∞ D-2014

Evaluate lim (∞) form
𝑥→0 log 𝑥

4) 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑎𝑥 0
Evaluate lim log(1+𝑏𝑥) (0) form M-2013
𝑥→0

5) 𝑥−sin 𝑥 0
Evaluate lim (0) form D-2012
𝑥→0 tan3 𝑥
1
6) 𝑥 𝑦 −𝑦 𝑥 0
Evaluate i) lim(cos 𝑥)𝑥 (1∞ ) form ii) lim ( ) form
𝑥→0 𝑥→𝑦 𝑥 𝑥 −𝑦 𝑦 0
M-2012
iii) lim tan 𝑥 log 𝑥 (0. ∞) form
𝑥→0

7) Evaluate lim(1 + cot 𝑥)tan 𝑥 (∞0 ) form

D-2011
𝑥→0

8) Evaluate lim[log(2 − 𝑥)] cot(𝑥 − 1) (0. ∞) form

M-2011
𝑥→1
1
9) 𝑒 2𝑥 −(1+𝑥)2 0 M-2010
Evaluate i) lim (0) form ii) lim (1 − 𝑥 2 )log(1−𝑥) (00 ) form
𝑥→0 x log(1+𝑥) 𝑥→1 D-2009
10) sin−1 √
𝑎−𝑥
𝑎+𝑥 0 𝑥
Evaluate i) lim ( ) form ii) lim log(2 − )cot(𝑥−𝑎) (1∞ ) form D-2009
𝑥→𝑎 sin √𝑎2 −𝑥 2 0 𝑥→𝑎 𝑎

11) Evaluate lim log(2 − 𝑥 )tan(𝜋𝑥

2𝑎
)
(1∞ ) form
𝑥→𝑎 𝑎 M-2009
12) Evaluate lim lim( tan 𝑥)𝑥12 (1∞ ) form
𝑥
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→0
D-2008
1 1 1
13) 2 ⁄𝑥 +3 ⁄𝑥 +5 ⁄𝑥 𝑥 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 −log(1+𝑥) 0
Evaluate lim [ ] Evaluate lim (0) form D-2007
𝑥→∞ 3 𝑥→0 𝑥2

14) Evaluate lim 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥−𝑥−𝑥 2 (1∞ ) form

𝑥 2 +𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔(1−𝑥)
𝑥→0 D-2007
15) Evaluate lim (sinh 𝑥)tanh 𝑥 (00 ) form
𝑥→0 M-2007

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 Annasaheb Dange College of Engineering and Technology
APPLIED MATHEMATICS - I
CH. 6 COMPLEX NUMBER & HYPERBOLIC FUNCTION
1. DE-MOIVRE’S THEOREM
1) 6 6
Evaluate (−1 + 𝑖 √3) + (−1 – 𝑖 √3) D-2014
2) (cos 3𝜃+𝑖 Sin 3𝜃)5 (Cos 2𝜃−𝑖 Sin 2𝜃)3
Simplify (cos 4𝜃−𝑖 Sin 4𝜃)−9 (Cos 5𝜃+𝑖 Sin 5𝜃)9 M-2013

3) (cos 3𝜃+𝑖 Sin 3𝜃)5 (Cos 4𝜃−𝑖 Sin 4𝜃)4

Simplify (cos 5𝜃−𝑖 Sin 5𝜃)3 (Cos 6𝜃+𝑖 Sin 6𝜃)2 M-2012

4) (cos 2𝜃−𝑖 Sin 2𝜃)7 (Cos 3𝜃+𝑖 Sin 3𝜃)−5

Simplify (cos 4𝜃+𝑖 Sin 4𝜃)12 (Cos 5𝜃−𝑖 Sin 5𝜃)−6 D-2012

5) If 𝛼 and 𝛽are the roots of 𝑧 2 sin2 𝜃 − 𝑧 sin 2𝜃 + 1 = 0 then prove that𝛼 𝑛 + 𝛽 𝑛 = M-2011
2 cos 𝑛𝜃 csc n 𝜃 ) n= (𝛼 - 𝛽 ) sin (n𝜃) cosec n𝜃 where n is an integer
6) If 𝑧 = −1 + 𝑖√3 and n is an integer prove that 22𝑛 + 2𝑛 𝑧 𝑛 𝑧 2𝑛 is zero if n is not a
D-2010
multiple of 3
7) If α = (1 + i); β = (1 - i) and 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 = (𝑥 + 𝑖) then prove that
M-2009
(𝑥 + 𝛼 )𝑛 – (𝑥 + 𝛽 ) 𝑛 = (𝛼 − 𝛽 ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑛𝜃) 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑛𝜃
8) Prove that (1 + 𝑖 √3)8 + (1 − 𝑖 √3)8 = - 28 M-2009
9) 𝜋 𝜋 8
1 + sin( )+ 𝑖 cos( )
8 8 D-2007
Simplify [ 𝜋 𝜋 ]
1 + sin( )− 𝑖 cos( )
8 8

10) Prove that (1+𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼+𝑖 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼)𝑛 = cos 𝑛( 𝜋 − 𝛼) + 𝑖 sin n( 𝜋 − 𝛼) M-2007
1+𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼−𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼
⁄2 ⁄2
11) cos 𝜃+𝑖 sin 𝜃 4
Simplify (sin 𝜃+𝑖 cos 𝜃) M-2007

2. ROOTS OF COMPLEX NUMBER

1) Find all the roots of equation x10 + 11x5 +10 = 0 M-2015
2) 1
Find all the roots of (1 + 𝑖) ⁄5 M-2014
3) Use De-Moivre’s Theorem to solve𝑥 8 + 𝑥 5 + 𝑥 3 + 1 = 0 M-2014
4) 1⁄
Find all the values of (1 + 𝑖√3) 5 D-2014
5) 1
Find all values of (−1) ⁄3 M-2013
6) Solve 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 = 0 D-2012
7) 𝑥−1 5
Solve equation[𝑥+1] = 32 for 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 note all five roots. M-2012
3
8) 1 𝑖√3 4
Find all the values of (2 + ) & show that their continued product is 1 D-2008 D-2011
2
9) Solve the equation 𝑥 9 − 𝑥 5 + 𝑥 4 − 1 = 0 D-2011
10) Find the roots of x6 – i = 0 M-2011
11) Find all values of (−1)1⁄5 M-2011

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 12) Find nth root of unity & prove that their sum is 0 & their product is (-1)n-1 M-2010
13) Solve the equation 𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 = 0 M-2010
7
14) Solve the equation 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1 = 0 4 3
M-2008 D-2010
7
15) Find the roots of the equation 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑥 + 𝑖 = 0 4 3
D-2009
16) Find all values of (−1 − 𝑖)1⁄5 D-2009
2𝑛𝜋
17) − 3+4𝑖 Sin
Show that the roots of (𝑥– 1)5 = 32(𝑥 + 1)5 Are x = 5
2𝑛𝜋 , n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 M-2008
5−4 Cos
5

18) Solve the equation x5+1=0 D-2008

19) Find the roots common to equation x –i = 0 & x + 1 = 0 6 4
D-2007
3. EXPANSION
1) 1
Prove that sin7 θ = 26
[35 sin θ −21sin 3θ +7sin 5θ − sin 7θ] M-2015
2) Prove that cos 5θ = 5 cos θ − 20 cos3 θ + 16 cos 5 θ M-2014
3) Prove that sin 5θ = 5 sin θ − 20 sin3 θ + 16 sin5 θ D-2014
4) Express tan5θ in terms of powers of tan θ M-2010 M-2013
5) sin 7θ
Prove that = 7 − 56 sin2 θ + 112 sin4 θ − 64 sin6 θ D-2012
sin θ
6) sin 6θ
Prove that = 6 cos θ − 32 cos3 θ + 32 cos5 θ M-2011
sin θ
4. HYPERBOLIC FUNCTION
1) If sin(x + iy) = [cos α + i sin α]then prove that sin2 α = cos 4 x M-2015
2) iπ
If α + i β = tanh (x + 4 ) then prove that α2 + β2 = 1 M-2014
3) 1+√1−x2
Prove that sech−1 x = log ( ) D-2014
x
4) Define cosh x & sinh x also prove that cosh2 x − sinh2 x = 1 M-2013
5) x2 x2
If sin(α + iβ) = x + iy, prove that cosh2 β + sinh2 β = 1 M-2013
6) π 2x
If tan ( 6 + iα) = x + iy then prove that x 2 + y 2 + =1 M-2012
√3
7) sin(x + iy)
Prove that log [sin(x − iy)] = 2i tan−1(cot x tanh y) D-2012
8) Solve the equation 5 sinh x – cosh x = 5 and hence find tanh x D-2011
9) 1 sin(θ−α)
If cos ((θ + iø) = r (cos α + i sin α) prove that ø= 2 log (sin(θ+α)) D-2011
10) If tan(x + i y) =i where x & y are real, p.t. x is indeterminate & y is infinite m-2008 D-2011
11) If tan(α + i β) = eiθ then prove that α = nπ + π and β = 1 log tan (π + θ) M-2011
2 4 2 4 2
12) Prove that sinh u = tan x and cosh u sec x if tan (x/2) = tanh (u/2) M-2010
13) Express sinh7x in terms of hyperbolic sines of multiples of x M-2010

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 14) If sin(θ + i∅) = tan α + i sec α show that cos 2θ cosh 2∅ = 3 D-2010
15) Solve the equation for real value of x for 7cos h x + 8 sin h x = 1 M-2009
16) If tan (α + i β) = sin (x + iy) then prove that tan x = sin(2α)
M-2009
tan h y sin h (2β)
17) Expand cosh7 x in terms of hyperbolic cosines of multiples of x D-2009
18) If cosh x = sec θ prove that i) x = log(sec θ + tan θ) and ii)θ = π − 2 tan−1 e−x M-2008
2
19) If cosec (π + ix) = u + i v then prove that (u2 + v2) 2 = 2 (u2 – v2) D-2007
4
5. INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNCTION
1) Show that sinh−1 z = log( z + √z 2 + 1) M-2011 M-2015
2) x
Prove that tanh−1 x = sinh−1 (√1−x2) M-2014

3) π x θ
If cos h x = sec θ then show that θ = 2 − 2 tan−1 e−x and tanh 2 = ± tan 2 D-2014

4) Prove that tanh−1 (sin θ) = cosh−1 (sec θ) M-2012

5) If cosh−1 (x + iy) + cosh−1 (x − iy) = cosh−1 α then prove that 2(a − 1)x 2 +
D-2012
2a(a + 1)y 2 = a2 − 1
6) 1 x+a
Prove that coth-1 (x/a) = 2 log (x−a) M-2010

7) Prove that tanh−1 (sin θ) = cosh−1 (sec θ) D-2010

x
8) Prove that sinh−1 x = tanh−1 D-2009
√(1+x2 )

9) Prove that cos h−1 x = log(x + √x 2 − 1) M-2013 D-2008

10) Prove that sech −1 (sinθ) = log [cot(θ/2)] D-2007
6. SEPARATE INTO REAL AND IMAGINARY PARTS
1) 3i
Separate into real and imaginary parts of cos −1 ( 4 ) M-2012, D-2010, D-2008 M-2015

2) i
Separate into real & imaginary parts ii D-2012
3) Prove that ii Is a real & hence find value of [1 + sin (logeii )] M-2007 M-2009
4) Prove that sin−1(cosecθ) = π⁄2 + i log(cot θ⁄2 ) D-2009
5) Separate into real & imaginary parts of tan h (x + i y). M-2008
6) Separate into real & imaginary parts of tan−1(eiθ ) D-2007
7) Separate log cos (x + iy) into real & imaginary parts M-2007

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