Physical

Science
Mr. Aries Z. Ilag
Teacher in Physical Science

ariessilagg Aries Zara Ilag ilagaries12@gmail.com

Chemical Bonding
 Chemical Bonding

- Chemical bonds form when atoms lose, accept, or

share electrons. It is an electrical attraction
between the nuclei and valence electrons of an
atom and which binds atoms together.
Three types of chemical bond

Ionic Bond

Covalent Bond

Metallic Bond
 Ionic Bond

- Ionic bond results from the transfer of one or more

valence electrons from one atom to another.
- Typically, it occurs between a metal (which has the
tendency to lose electrons) and a nonmetal (which
has a tendency to accept electrons)
 Chemical Bond Electronegativity Difference

Ionic Bond > 1.7

Polar Covalent Bond >0.4 - <1.7
Nonpolar Covalent Bond < 0.4
 Electronegativity

- the measure of tendency of an atom to attract

electrons towards itself

- When the electronegativity difference of the

elements involved is greater than 1.7, then it shows
an ionic bond.
 Ionic Bond

Example: Sodium chloride (NaCl) is table salt

- Sodium (Na) is a metal element while Chlorine (Cl) is

a nonmetal.
 Cl = 3.0
- Na = 0.9
- When the electronegativity
difference of the elements
involved is greater than 1.7,
then it shows an ionic bond.
EN = 2.1
- REMEMBER, not all metal to nonmetal
combination is an ionic bond so
better check for their EN difference.
 Covalent Bond

- happens when atoms share electrons, instead of

losing.

- This type of bond is common among nonmetals.

Polar Nonpolar
 Polar Covalent Bond

- a covalent bond in which the atoms have an

unequal attraction for electrons and so the sharing
is unequal.

- EN difference is less than 1.7 but greater than 0.4

 Example of Polar Bond

- Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)

Cl = 3.0

C = 2.5
- EN difference is less than
EN = 0.5 1.7 but greater than 0.4
 Nonpolar Covalent Bond

- a covalent bond in which electrons are shared

equally between two atoms. Thus, in an atom, the
number of electrons shared by the adjacent atoms
will be the same.

- EN difference is less than 0.4

 Example of Nonpolar Bond

- Hydrogen Gas (H2)

H = 2.1 - EN difference is
less than 0.4
H = 2.1

EN = 0
 Metallic Bond

- Force that holds atoms together in a metallic

substance.

- The case is different among metals, where there are

highly mobile valence electrons in the atoms that
make up the metals.