Spread of Profession of people Living :

The socio-economic status of slum migrants has an impact on people’s movement from one place to
another (GoI 2009). Inter-district and Inter-state movements are more frequent for migrants in
urban areas than those for migrants from rural areas. Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Bihar are the top
three states with 31%, 28% and 25% contribution of migrants to Delhi, respectively. Maximum in-
migration happened before the year 2000 due to employment opportunities in construction and
manufacturing sector after the introduction of New Economic PolicyIn Bawana J.J. cluster, a
significant concentration of migrants came before 1990. Most of them migrated from Bihar and
West Bengal due to demand for labour in Delhi for Asiad Games (Figure 3). Only 16% migrated
during the period 1990 to 2000. During this period, people from Uttar Pradesh migrated, seeking
employment. After 2001, only 4% of people migrated due to their marriage or presence of relatives.
Over the decades, in-migration to Delhi is showing a marked decline due to the intervention of
government schemes and programmes in rural areas, such as employment generation programmes,
provision for affordable housing and infrastructure facilities.

Demographics :
The area of the village under farming was 52000 bigha, but now most of this land has been
acquired by the Delhi Government for industrial use. Bawana, with its khadar soil, is very
fertile, with a high water table due to the western Yamuna canal and the high density of
ponds.

Geographical Info of Bawana :

Bawana has an average elevation of 213 metres (698 feet). It is surrounded by the villages of
Nangal Thakran, Bajitpur, Daryapur, Majra Dabas, Pooth Khurd, Holabmi Khurd, Kheda
Khurd, Holambi Kalan, Sultanpur Dabas and Ghogha. The climate in the region is extreme,
with very high temperatures in the summer and almost zero level temperatures in the
winter months.[6] J.J colony, a slum area inside Dilshad colony, is separated from Bawana by
a canal.

Occupational Structure :
The Occupational structure changes when migrants move from their native place to Delhi. The
occupational change is from unskilled to skilled workforce and primary activities to secondary and
tertiary activities (Bhattacharya, 1998). A weak correlation (0.34) exists in the occupation before and
after migration to Delhi. Out of 53 agriculturists, only 26% settled in resettlement colony are
practicing it. After migrating to Delhi, they are first engaged in unorganised sector and get relocated
to Bawana from Yamuna Pushta J.J. clusters. Bawana is located at a distance of more than 30 kms
from their earlier workplaces, increasing the cost of travel. Ample amount of agriculture land is
available as it is located on the periphery of Delhi and surrounded by villages. Therefore, people
adopted their traditional occupation agriculture as an occupation in the nearby area so as to cut
down the expenditure on transportation and reduce the travel time. Rest of them are engaged as
local vendor (28%), domestic servant (19%), rickshaw puller (15%), and helper (12%) whereas those
who were rearing livestock (18%) in rural areas are now engaged as local vendor, mason, shop
keeper and rickshaw puller. The city is booming with construction activities resulting in an increase
in the demand for mason. It is a highly skilled work and requires training. The masons are also highly
paid among informal workers in urban areas. Masons have not changed their job and only 17% are
now engaged as local vendors (9%) and helpers (8%). Respondents who were engaged in livestock
rearing (18%) before migration have completely changed their occupation. This is because there is
not enough space to rear the livestock as well as due to lack of fodder availability in the cities. They
now work as local vendor (44%), mason (22%), rickshaw puller (22%) and shopkeeper (12%). The
shopkeepers (5) are now working as rickshaw puller and helper whereas local vendors are now
engaged in domestic activities.

Industry :
Delhi is not only the largest commercial centre in northern India, but also the largest centre of
small industries. These are manufacturing a wide variety of items like television, tape recorders,
light engineering machines and automobile parts, sports goods, bicycles and PVC goods
including footwear textiles, fertilizers, medicines, hosiery, leather goods, software, etc.
Delhi’s new millennium industrial policy, emphasizes setting up of high-tech and sophisticated
industries in electronics, telecommunications, software industries, IT enabling services, etc. The
industries, which are non-polluting and encourage high value addition and depend largely on
skilled manpower, are being promoted. DSIDC is setting up Training Institute for Gems and
Jewellery and Assaying and Hallmarking Centre at Okhla in the building of Hitech Vocational
Centre.
For the purpose of relocating industrial units functioning in residential nonconforming areas, the
Government of NCT of Delhi took possession of 1900 acres of land at village Bawana, Holambi
Kalan and Holambi Khurd for developing new industrial estates. Bawana Industrial area
developed by DSIDC is the largest in Asia and is spread over 1900 acres of land. At Narela 900
plots have been developed and allotted and another 600 plots are being developed. Work of
construction of 378 flatted factories at Jhilmil Industrial Area for relocation of smaller units has
been completed. 450 acres of land have been taken for development at the Bhorgaarh industrial
estates. In addition to the above, 652 hectares of land is being acquired for development into a
huge industrial area in Kanjhawala/Kerala.

Agriculture :
The area of the village under farming was 52000 bigha, but now most of this land has been
acquired by the Delhi Government for industrial use. Bawana, with its khadar soil, is very
fertile, with a high water table due to the western Yamuna canal and the high density of
ponds.
The principal food crops are wheat, bajra, jowar, gram and maize. However, emphasis has now
shifted from food crops to vegetables and fruit crops, dairy, poultry-farming, floriculture, etc., as
these are more remunerative than food crops in the territory.

Importantance of Bawana Town :

The region has a very fertile Khadar soil and holds a very high water table owing to the western
Yamuna canal and the existence of high density ponds.

Bawana homes the famous Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Industrial Park known to be one of the
best planned industrial areas of India.

Khadar soil comprises of new alluvium and found along the flood plains of rivers. This soil is most
fertile from all the divisions of alluvial soils. This is because the area is flooded every year during the
rainy season bringing fresh sediments bringing the fresh sediments that add a new layer of alluvium
and that’s why the Bawana is also famous for the production of crops takes place in Khadar soil i.e
Rice, Wheat,Sugarcane, Tobacco, Cotton, Pulses, Oilseeds, Jute, Maize, oilseeds etc.

Weather of Bawana :
Land Use & Distribution :
Bawana Industrial Area is spread over an area of 778.17 Ha (1922.10Acres). 53% of the area
is under industrial plots, 14% under recreational and 6% under commercial.

Area Area
Land Use %
(Ha) (Acres)
Industrial 414.13 1022.9 53.22
Residential 9.13 22.55 1.17
Commercia
43.91 108.46 5.64
l
Recreation
106.36 262.71 13.67
al
Common 34.56 85.36 4.44
Utilities 30.13 74.42 3.87
Circulation 139.96 345.7 17.99
Total 778.18 1922.1 100
The Bawana Industrial Area is divided into 5 sectors; further divided into clusters 7 ha each,
so as to provide hierarchy of necessary facilities and services to estimated 27,000 industrial
workers in a sector. These clusters have industrial plots with sizes varying from 100 to
250sqm.

Each sector and cluster of Bawana Industrial Area is planned so as to provide necessary
facilities and services to cater to the industrial requirement.

Waste Generation for Bawana Industrial Area :

TOTAL
  SOLID
S. WASTE
No GENERATIO
.   N
Scenari
Tonnes/day
o
1 Existing 73.71
Year
2 89.41
2021
Year
3 2026 98
assumed

Air Quality In Bawana :

We chose four most polluted areas in Delhi and several surrounding districts
known as the National Capital Region (NCR) for our study. Bawana was the
most-polluted area with an air quality index of 497, followed by DTU-Delhi
Technological University (487), Anand Vihar (484) and Vivek Vihar (482) as
shown in Figure 3. There are 12 parameters that have been considered for our
study, the data is taken from the Central Pollution Control Board, India [87] for
3 years in 8 hour interval. The dataset consists of concentration levels of
different parameters of air-pollution from four different monitoring stations
installed by the government agency in Delhi-NCR region. our dataset between
1 January,2019 and 10 December, 2020 for different monitoring stations. We
find the monitoring station at Bawana records the highest range of values and
mean for PM2.5 concentration as compared to other monitoring stations.
Range(MinMax
Parameter ) Mean and std
PM10 14.19-939.30 238.95 158.72
Benzene 0-30.82 3.86 3.41
Toluene 0-450.98 32.06 40.87
Ammonia Gas(NH3) 0.10-136.30 44.78 23.78
Nitric Acid(NO) 0.3-490.90
Nitrous Oxide(NO2) 0.43-360.51 74.19 41.04
Nitrogen Oxides(NOx) 0.13-472.48 107.19 80.08
Wind Speed(WS) 0.3-4.43 0.86 0.68
Ozone 1.42-180.38 36.15 26.34
Sulphur Dioxide(SO2) 0.50-94.36 13.57 9.50
Carbon Monoxide(CO) 0.01-7.21 2.14 1.10
PM2.5 6.93-936.33 116.83 106.76