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Topic 3.1 Data and Data Types

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Define a the key term “Data” Data is a method of storing information as a certain value.

In the boxes below identify, explain and provide an example of the different data types

Float – data stored as decimal point String – data stored as text

Integer – data stored as whole number
Number e.g. 1.2, 4.1113 e.g. “cat”, “hot dogs”
e.g. 1, 3, 17, 190299

Boolean – data stored as True or False Array – data stored as a list of objects Bits – data stored as either 1 or 0
value e.g. [“cats”, “dogs”, “giraffe”]

Binary – data stored as a combination

of 1s and 0s e.g. 00101, 1000100
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Topic 3.1 Data and Data Types
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What is the definition of personal data? Need more

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Exam Question a) Any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person
b) Any information that the European citizens would like to protect
c) Data that directly or indirectly reveal someone’s racial or ethnic background,
religious views, and data related to health
d) Preservation of confidentiality, integrity and availability of information

A company needs to create a suitable method of storing their customers Provide an example of data in different contexts
personal information. In the table below enter the data type and
example for the company to use.
Context 1 Context 2
Content Data type Example Driving lesson Bank accounts
Forename String Billy
Session Duration – integer Account holder – String
Surname String McGeady
Car model – String Account number – Integer
Age Integer 40
Address String 18 Jolly Avenue Instructor – String Account balance – Float

Session Cost – Float Account type – String

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Topic 3.2 Information
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Define a the key term “Information” Data that has been processed to give it meaning and make it
interpretable.

Highlight in the text below what is data and what is

information.
Tesco is a large superstore that sells a range of items. 23 million meals have Complete the formula
been donated to Tesco which they have then supplied to Neighbourhood below to explain how data
Food Collection. This has supplied aided millions of people who are in need and information are related
of everyday essentials.

Data + value + [topic] = information

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Topic 3.2 Information
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What is the definition of sensitive information? (1 mark) Need more

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Exam Questions a) Any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person
b) Any information that the European citizens would like to protect
c) Data that directly or indirectly reveal someone’s racial or ethnic background,
religious views, and data related to health
d) Preservation of confidentiality, integrity and availability of information

At the end of each month, each instructor at the gym is sent

an encrypted file which shows their earnings for the month. 5, 10, 15, 20 are items of data. Explain how these could
Explain one reason why they encrypt these files before become information and what knowledge could be gained
sending them. (1 mark) from them (4 marks)

Answer:
It is encrypted to protect the information inside the file so
that it can only be accessed by the instructors in which they
will be given a key to decrypt the file.
Answer:
They could be classified as information as they could be
processed into binary numbers that could represent (for
example) alphanumeric values. Also they could be
processed into an array of numbers which can be used to
represent many different things or it could be converted
into strings that can be concatenated into another string.
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Topic 3.3 Data Collection and Storage
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Methods of Collecting Data
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Q - Questionnaires
IT Support
E - Email
B – Break/Fix
S - Surveys
W – Web Access Management
I - Interview

C – Case studies W - Wikis

L - Links
M – Managed Services
S - Search How can you store your data that has been collected?
Data can be stored in a database. A database consists of various types of
information that are used for different purposes set by the business/firm.
S - Sensors
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Topic 3.3 Data Collection and Storage
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Ben wants to find out what food people like to eat in restaurants, so asks his family: help
Exam Question “Do you agree that pizza is better than pasta?”
What’s wrong with his survey? (2 marks)

He only asks about 2 types of food. Also he only asks his family’s opinion; he needs to
ask more people.

Valerie is the manager of a supermarket.

She wants to find out how often people shop at her
Naomi wants to find out how often supermarket.
people go to the cinema. She uses this “How many texts have you sent on your She will use a questionnaire.
question on a questionnaire. mobile phone? Design a suitable question for Valerie to use on her
questionnaire.
“How many times do you go to the □ 0-10 You must include some response boxes. (2 marks)
cinema?” □ 10-20
□ Not very often □ Sometimes □ 20-30 How often do you shop at our supermarket?
□ A lot □ 30 or more”
❑ Never
a) Write down two things wrong with List two things wrong with this question. ❑ Rarely
this question. (2 marks) (2 marks) ❑ Not very often
❑ Sometimes
She doesn’t give the option ‘never’ or The number seems too small, the range ❑ Often
‘always’, and she doesn’t give the option of number is too small. ❑ Always
for the people to specify. ❑ Other (Please specify in the box below):
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Topic 3.3 Graph Types
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Explain the appropriate usage of a bar chart Need more

Label the chart help

Title
Y-axis

Bar charts are usually used to present Keys

discrete data -- data that can be
categorised or based on counts -- such as
figures, whole numbers, or frequencies.

X-axis
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Topic 3.3 Graph Types
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Explain the appropriate usage of a scatter chart Need more

Label the chart help

Title
Y-axis

Scatter charts are used to display the Keys

correlation between the two variables
(x-axis and y-axis). The type of data used is
mainly statistical or scientific.

X-axis
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Topic 3.3 Graph Types
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Explain the appropriate usage of a pie chart Need more

Label the chart help

Title

Pie charts are mainly use to present

proportional such as percentages. Each Keys
slice can represent different category based
on the data it is based on. Common uses of
pie charts include demographics and areas
of expenditure

Slices
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Topic 3.3 Graph Types
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Explain the appropriate usage of a line chart Need more

Label the chart help

Title
Y-axis

Line charts are used in presenting

continuous data -- data that can take on Keys
any value (not just integers). It is effective
when trying to identify a trend or pattern.
An example of data recorded is the global
temperature in the last 100 million years.

X-axis
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Topic 3.3 Graphs Types
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Exam Question
Use the questions below create a suitable graph to represent the data.

Graphs are on the next page.

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3. 4.

Topic 3.4 Data Storage Methods
Difference between storage methods
Cloud
● Files are stored in cloud servers in
contrast to physical hard drives
● Data can be synced across multiple
devices
● Generally holds smaller capacity
compared to physical devices
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Physical Device
What is storage?
● Files are stored magnetically
(hard-drives) or in microchips (SSD)
● Generally holds larger capacity
compared to cloud servers
● Devices need to be plugged in to the Storage is a method of
computer to access the data storing something for future
use.

Examples of Cloud and Physical Device storage

Google Drive Dropbox OneDrive Hard drive

SSD (Physical) CD (Physical)
(Cloud) (Cloud) (Cloud) (Physical)
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Topic 3.4 Data Storage Methods
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Complete the table below for storing data
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Storage Device Description Advantages Disadvantages help
External Hard Disk An External hard disk is a physical storage ● Can store large amount of ● Moving parts are susceptible to
device that uses magnets to store the data malfunction
data. ● Cheap ● Slow file transfer

Magnetic tape backup Magnetic tape is a storage device that is ● Can store large amount of ● Data may be corrupted if placed
used to store data on magnetic tapes data near a strong magnetic field
using digital recordings. ● Cheap ● A special device is required to
write and read the data
CD-ROM CD-ROM (Read-Only Memory) is a type ● Compact ● Highly fragile
of optical storage device where data can ● Portable ● Can only store small amount of
only be written once (at the start of the ● Cheap data
burning), but the data can be replayed ● Fairly fast data access
endless times.
CD-RW CD-RW (ReWriteable) is a type of optical ● Compact ● Highly fragile
storage device where data can be saved ● Portable ● Can only store small amount of
over and over again, unlike CD-ROM ● Cheap data
where it can only be saved once. ● Fairly fast data access ● Inferior to USB where it can hold
significantly larger amount of
data
DVD DVD is a type of optical storage ● Good for storing pictures ● There are many formats of
device. It is similar to CDs but it can and videos DVD
store a larger amount of data. ● Large storage capacity ● Highly fragile

Flash Memory Stick

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Topic 3.5 Application and Interaction of data stores
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Application Definition Need more

help
Law Enforcement
For each of the
following
Education explain how
that sector uses
data and
Health and fitness information to
make informed
decisions. How
Shopping do they collect
data? What is
the data used
Entertainment/Leisure for?

Lifestyle

Big Data