Mathematics: Vibrant Academy

MATHEMATICS
XII (ALL)
CONTENTS
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

KEY CONCEPT Page –2-6
PROFICIENCY TEST Page –7-10
EXERCISE–I Page –11-13
EXERCISE–II Page –14-16
EXERCISE–III Page –17-18
EXERCISE–IV Page –19
EXERCISE–V Page –20-22
ANSWER KEY Page –23-24
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KEY CONCEPTS (INVERSE TRIGONOMETRY FUNCTION)
GENERAL DEFINITION(S):
1. sin1 x , cos1 x , tan1 x etc. denote angles or real numbers whose sine is x , whose cosine is x and
whose tangent is x, provided that the answers given are numerically smallest available . These are
also written as arc sinx , arc cosx etc .
If there are two angles one positive & the other negative having same numerical value, then positive
angle should be taken .
2. PRINCIPAL VALUES AND DOMAINS OF INVERSE CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS :
 
(i) y = sin1 x where 1  x  1 ; y and sin y = x .

2 2
(ii) y = cos1 x where 1  x  1 ; 0  y   and cos y = x .
 
(iii) y = tan1 x where x  R ;  x and tan y = x .
2 2
 
(iv) y = cosec1 x where x   1 or x  1 ;  y , y  0 and cosec y = x .
2 2

(v) y = sec1 x where x  1 or x  1 ; 0  y   ; y  and sec y = x .
2
(vi) y = cot1 x where x  R , 0 < y <  and cot y = x .
Note That : (a) 1st quadrant is common to all the inverse functions .
(b) 3rd quadrant is not used in inverse functions .

(c) 4th quadrant is used in the CLOCKWISE DIRECTION i.e.  y0 .
2
3. PROPERTIES OF INVERSE CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS :
P 1 (i) sin (sin1 x) = x , 1  x  1 (ii) cos (cos1 x) = x , 1  x  1
 
(iii) tan (tan1 x) = x , x  R (iv) sin1 (sin x) = x ,  x
2 2
 
(v) cos1 (cos x) = x ; 0  x   (vi) tan1 (tan x) = x ;  x
2 2
1
P 2 (i) cosec1 x = sin1 ; x  1 , x  1
x
1
(ii) sec1 x = cos1 ; x  1 , x  1
x
1
(iii) cot1 x = tan1 ; x>0
x
1
=  + tan1 ; x<0
x
P 3 (i) sin1 (x) =  sin1 x , 1  x  1

(ii) 1
tan (x) =  tan x 1 , xR
(iii) cos1 (x) =   cos1 x , 1  x  1
(iv) cot1 (x) =   cot1 x , x  R
 
P 4 (i) sin1 x + cos1 x = 1  x  1 (ii) tan1 x + cot1 x = xR
2 2

(iii) cosec1 x + sec1 x = x  1
2
Vibrant Academy (I) Pvt. Ltd. "B-41" Road No.2, IPIA, Kota (Raj.) Ph. 06377791915 (www.vibrantacademy.com) [2]
xy
P 5 tan1 x + tan1 y = tan1 where x > 0 , y > 0 & xy < 1
1  xy
xy
=  + tan1 where x > 0 , y > 0 & xy > 1
1  xy
xy
tan1 x  tan1y = tan1 where x > 0 , y > 0
1  xy
sin1 x + sin1 y = sin1 x 1  y  y 1  x 

2 2
P 6 (i) where x  0 , y  0 & (x2 + y2)  1
 

Note that : x2 + y2  1  0  sin1 x + sin1 y 
2
 2 2
(ii) sin1 x + sin1 y =   sin1 x 1  y  y 1  x  where x  0 , y  0 & x2 + y2 > 1

Note that : x2 + y2 >1  < sin1 x + sin1 y < 
2
(iii) 
sin–1x – sin–1y = sin 1 x 1  y 2  y 1  x 2  where x > 0 , y > 0
(iv) cos1 x + cos1 y = cos1 x y   

1 x 2 1 y 2 where x  0 , y  0
 x  y  z  xyz 
P 7 If tan1 x + tan1 y + tan1 z = tan1   if, x > 0, y > 0, z > 0 & xy + yz + zx < 1
1  x y  y z  z x 
Note : (i) If tan1 x + tan1 y + tan1 z =  then x + y + z = xyz

(ii) If tan1 x + tan1 y + tan1 z = then xy + yz + zx = 1
2
2
2x 1 1  x = tan1 2 x
P 8 2 tan1 x = sin1 = cos
1  x2 1  x2 1  x2
Note very carefully that :
 2 tan 1 x if x 1 1
2x  1 1  x2  2 tan x if x  0
sin1 =    2 tan x if x 1 cos1 =  1
1  x2 1 x 2
  2 tan x if x  0
 
    2 tan 1 x
 if x  1
 2tan 1 x if x 1
2x  1
tan1 =   2tan x if x  1
1  x2
 
  2tan 1 x  if x 1
REMEMBER THAT :
3
(i) sin1 x + sin1 y + sin1 z =  x = y = z = 1
2
(ii) cos1 x + cos1 y + cos1 z = 3  x = y = z = 1
(iii) tan1 1+ tan1 2 + tan1 3 =  and tan1 1 + tan1 1 1 1 
2 + tan 3 = 2
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
SOME USEFUL GRAPHS
  
1. y = sin 1 x , x  1 , y   2
,
2
2. y = cos 1 x , x  1 , y  [0 , ]
 
  
3. y = tan 1 x , x  R , y    2 , 2  4. y = cot 1 x , x  R , y  (0 , )
        
5. y = sec 1 x , x  1 , y  0 , 2    2 ,
 6. y = cosec 1 x , x  1 , y    , 0   0 , 
2   2
 
7. (a) y = sin 1 (sin x) , x  R , y    ,   , 7.(b) y = sin (sin 1 x) ,
 2 2
Periodic with period 2  = x
x  [ 1 , 1] , y  [ 1 , 1] , y is aperiodic
8. (a) y = cos 1(cos x), x  R, y[0, ], periodic with period 2  8. (b) y = cos (cos 1 x) ,
= x = x
x  [ 1 , 1] , y  [ 1 , 1], y is aperiodic
9. (a) y = tan (tan 1 x) , x  R , y  R , y is aperiodic 9. (b) y = tan 1 (tan x) ,

=x = x
     
xR (2 n  1) n  I , y    ,  ,
 2   2 2
periodic with period 
10. (a) y = cot 1 (cot x) , 10. (b) y = cot (cot 1 x) ,

= x = x
x  R  {n } , y  (0 , ) , periodic with  x  R , y  R , y is aperiodic
11. (a) y = cosec 1 (cosec x), 11. (b) y = cosec (cosec 1 x) ,

= x = x
    
x  R  { n , n  I }, y    2 , 0  0 , 
 2 x  1 , y  1, y is aperiodic

y is periodic with period 2 
12. (a) y = sec 1 (sec x) , 12. (b) y = sec (sec 1 x) ,

= x = x
y is periodic with period 2 ; x  1 ; y  1], y is aperiodic
y  0 ,    
    
xR– (2 n  1) n  I ,

 2   2   2
PROFICIENCY TEST-01
1. Find value of :
 –1 17  
(i) sin cot  cot 3  (ii) sin–1 (sin (–600º))
  
 –1 3   5 
(iii) sin 2 cos  – 5  (iv) tan–1 tan  
    7 
 33    2   2 
(v) sin–1  cos  (vi) cos–1  cos  + sin–1  sin 
 5   3   3 
 –1 1   1   17 
(vii) sin2  cos  + cos2  sin –1  (viii) cos–1 cos – 15  
 2  3   
 –1
 3 
(ix) sin  – sin  – 
 (x) sec2(tan–1 2) + cosec2(cot–1 3)
 2  2 
2. If cos–1(a) + cos–1(b) + cos–1(c) = 3and f(1) = 2, f(x + y) = f(x) f(y) for all x, y ;
(a  b  c )
then a2f(1) + b2f(2) + c2f(3) + 2f (1) is equal to :
a  b 2f ( 2)  c 2f ( 3 )
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
3. If sin–1 x + tan–1x = y (–1 < x < 1), then which is not possible :
3  
(A) y = (B) y = 0 (C) y = (D) y = –
2 2 2
4. The trigonometric equation sin–1x = 2sin–1 a has a solution for :
1 1 1 1
(A) < |a| < (B) All real values of a (C) |a| < (D) |a| 
2 2 2 2
 2 25 
5. If 3 cos–1  x – 7 x   = , then x =
 2 
(A) only 3 (B) only 4 (C) 3 or 4 (D) None of these
 –1 1   1
6. The value of sin2  cos  + cos2  sin –1  is :
 2  3
17 59 36
(A) (B) (C) (D) None
36 36 59
20 20
–1
7. If  sin
i1
x i = 10 then x
i 1
i is equal to :
(A) 20 (B) 10 (C) 0 (D) None of these
1
8. If x + = 2, the principal value of sin–1 x is :
x
  3
(A) (B) (C)  (D)
4 2 2
23 39
9. sin–1 sin + cos–1 cos
7 7
 2 3 4
(A) (B) (C) (D)
7 7 7 7
1 cos x
10. cos–1 ;  0 < x < is :
2
x
(A) x (B) (C) 2x (D) None of these
2
PROFICIENCY TEST-02
1. sec (cosec–1
x) is equal to : (where |x|  1)
(A) cosec (sec–1 x) (B) 1/x (C)  (D) Depends on sign of x

2. If sin–1 x – cos–1x = , then x is :
6
1 3 1
(A) (B) (C) – (D) None of these
2 2 2
 –1 1 
3. Solution of equation tan(cos–1x) = sin  cot  is :
 2
7 5 3 5
(A) x = (B) x = (C) x = (D) None of these
3 3 2
1 1
4. sin–1x + sin–1 + cos–1x + cos–1 =
x x
 3
(A)  (B) (C) (D) None of these
2 2
5. If x > 0, sin–1(2 + x) + cos–1 (2 + x)

  
(A) 2 + (B) (C) x  (D) None of these
2 2 2
2
6. If sin–1x + sin–1y = , then cos–1 x + cos–1y =
3
2  
(A) (B) (C) (D) 
3 3 6
 –1 4  –1 2 

7. The value of tan cos  5   sin   is :

    13 
7 17 6 16
(A) (B) (C) (D)
16 6 17 7
8. The value of cos [tan–1 tan2] is :

1 1
(A) (B) – (C) cos 2 (D) – cos 2
5 5
9. cos [tan–1 {sin (cot–1x)}] is equal to -
x2  2 x2  2 x2  1
(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these
x2  3 x2  1 x2  2
10. If a  tan–1x + cot–1x + sin–1x  b. Then :

 
(A) a = 0, b =  (B) b = (C) a = (D) None of these
2 4
PROFICIENCY TEST-03
1. tan–1 n+ cot–1
(n + 1) is equal to (n > 0) :
(A) cot–1 (n2 + n + 1) (B) cot–1 (n2 – n + 1) (C) tan–1(n2 + n + 1) (D) None of these
2. If sin–1 (sin x) = – x then x belongs to :
  3 
(A) R (B) [0, ] (C)  ,  (D) [, 2]
2 2 
 1  1
3. If x = 3 tan–1   + 2 tan–1   then ,
2 5
   3 
(A) <x< (B) <x< (C) x < (D) 0 < x <
4 2 2 2 4
 1  9 9 
4. The principal value of cos–1   cos – sin  is :
 2 10 10 
3 7 7 17
(A) (B) (C) (D)
20 20 10 20
a–b b–c
5. tan–1 + tan–1 = (a, b, c > 0)
1  ab 1  bc
(A) tan–1a – tan–1b (B) tan–1a – tan–1c (C) tan–1b – tan–1c (D) tan–1c – tan–1a

6. If tan–12x + tan–13x = then x =
4
–1 1 1
(A) –1 (B) (C) –1, (D)
6 6 6
7. If cos–1x > sin–1x, then :

1 1
(A) x < 0 (B) –1 < x < 0 (C) 0  x < (D) –1  x <
2 2
8. sin–1 sin 15 + cos–1 cos 20 + tan–1 tan 25 =

(A) 19– 60 (B) 30 – 9 (C) 19 – 60 (D) 60– 19
1  
– 1 5 
9. 
tan 2 cos 
  3  =
 
3– 5 3 5 2 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 3– 5 3 5
10. If  and  are the roots of the equation x2 + 5x – 49 = 0 then find the value of cot(cot–1 + cot–1).
EXERCISE–I
1. Given is a partial graph of an even periodic function f whose period
is 8. If [*] denotes greatest integer function then find the value of the
expression.
  7 
f (–3) + 2 | f (–1) | +  f   + f (0) + arccos  f (2)  + f (–7) + f (20)
  8 
2.(a) Find the following

 1  1   7 
(i) tan cos1  tan1  (ii) cos1  cos
 2

 3   6 
 3  3 3
(iii) cos  tan1  (iv) tan  sin1  cot 1 
 4  5 2
(b) Find the following :
 
1  3
  
1  3
 
(i) sin   sin   (ii) cos cos    
 2  2    2  6 
 3 1 63 
(iii) tan1  tan  (iv) sin  4 arc sin 8 
 4   
3. Find the domain of definition the following functions.
( Read the symbols [*] and {*} as greatest integers and fractional part functions respectively.)
2x 1  x2
(i) f(x) = arccos (ii) f (x) = cos (sin x)  sin 1
1 x 2x
1  x  3 
(iii) f (x) = sin    log10 ( 4  x ) (iv) f (x) = sin–1(2x + x2)
 2 
1  sin x
(v) f(x) =  cos 1 (1  {x}) , where {x} is the fractional part of x .
log 5 (1  4 x 2 )
 3  2x 
(vi) f (x) = 3  x  cos 1 
 5 
1

  log6 2 x  3  sin  log2 x 
 3 
(vii) f (x) = log10 (1  log7 (x2  5 x + 13)) + cos1  
9x 
 2  sin 2 
sin 1  x2  x 
(viii) f(x) = e  tan 1   1  n
2 
 x  [x] 

cos 1 2 sin x  1

(ix) f(x) = sin (cos x) + ln ( 2 cos2 x + 3 cos x + 1) + e  
 2 2 sin x 
 
4. Identify the pair(s) of functions which are identical. Also plot the graphs in each case.
1  x2 1
(a) y = tan (cos 1 x); y = (b) y = tan (cot 1 x) ; y =
x x
x
(c) y = sin (arctan x); y = (d) y = cos (arctan x) ; y = sin (arccot x)
1  x2
5. Find the domain and range of the following functions .
(Read the symbols [*] and {*} as greatest integers and fractional part functions respectively.)
(i) f (x) = cot1(2x  x²) (ii) f (x) = sec1 (log3 tan x + logtan x 3)
 2x  12
 
(iii) f(x) = cos1  
 x 1 
2
1

2

(iv) f (x) = tan  log 4 5x  8x  4  
  5
6. Let y = sin–1(sin 8) – tan–1(tan 10) + cos–1(cos 12) – sec–1(sec 9) + cot–1(cot 6) – cosec–1(cosec 7). If y
simplifies to a + b then find (a – b).
 33    46    13     19    13
7. Show that : sin 1  sin   cos
1
 cos   tan
1
  tan   cot
1
 cot    =
 7   7   8    8  7
 36   4 8
8. Let  = sin–1   ,  = cos–1   and  = tan–1   , find ( +  + ) and hence prove that
 85  5  15 
(i)  cot  =  cot  , (ii)  tan  · tan  = 1

9. Prove that : sin cot–1 tan cos–1 x = sin cosec–1 cot tan–1x = x where x  (0,1]
10. Prove that:
3 16 1 7 1  5 1  7 1 36
(a) 2 cos1 + cot1 + cos1 =  (b) cos    cos     sin =
13 63 2 25  13  25  325
2 6 1 
(c) arccos  arccos =
3 2 3 6
 ab  1   bc  1   ca  1 
11. If a > b > c > 0 then find the value of : cot–1   + cot–1   + cot–1  .
 ab   bc   ca 
12. Find the simplest value of
x 1  1 
(a) f (x) = arccos x + arccos   3  3x 2  , x   , 1
2 2  2 
 1  x 2 1 
(b) f (x) = tan–1   , x  R – {0}
 x 
 
 3 sin 2   tan    
13. Prove that: tan1   + tan1   = (where  << )
 5  3 cos 2   4  2 2
14. If arcsinx + arcsiny + arcsinz =  then prove that (x, y, z > 0)
x 1  x 2  y 1  y 2  z 1  z 2  2 xyz
15. Prove the identities.


(a) sin–1 cos (sin1 x) + cos–1 sin (cos–1 x) = , | x |  1
2
(b) 2 tan1 (cosec tan1x  tan cot1x) = tan1x (x  0)
 2mn   2pq   2MN 

(c) tan1  2 2
 + tan1  2 2
 = tan1  2  where M = mp  nq, N = np + mq,
m  n  p  q   M  N2 
n q N
1 ; 1 and 1
m p M
(d) tan (tan1 x + tan1 y + tan1 z) = cot (cot1 x + cot1 y + cot1 z)
1 1 
16. Find all values of k for which there is a triangle whose angles have measure tan–1   , tan–1   k  , and
 2 2 
1 
tan–1   2k  .
2 
17. (a) Solve the inequality: (arcsec x)2 – 6(arcsec x) + 8 > 0
  
(b) If sin2x + sin2y < 1, x, y  R then prove that sin–1 (tanx . tany)  , .
 2 2
 
18. Let f (x) = cot–1 (x2 + 4x + 2 – ) be a function defined R   0,  then find the complete set of real
 2
values of  for which f (x) is onto.
19. If X = cosec . tan1 . cos . cot1 . sec . sin1 a & Y = sec cot1 sin tan1 cosec cos1 a ;
where 0  a  1 . Find the relation between X & Y . Express them in terms of ‘a’.
1 7
20. Prove that the equation, (sin1x)3 + (cos1x)3 = 3 has no roots for < and >
32 8
21. Solve the following inequalities :

(a) (arccot x)2  5 arccot x + 6 > 0 (b) arcsin x > arccos x (c) tan2 (arcsin x) > 1
EXERCISE–II
1  x  1  x2 
1. If  = 2 arctan   &  = arcsin   for 0 < x < 1 , then prove that + =. What will the
1  x  1  x2 
value of  +  be if x > 1.
 1
2. If x   1,  then express the function f (x) = sin–1 (3x – 4x3) + cos–1 (4x3 – 3x) in the form of
 2 
a cos–1 x + b , where a and b are rational numbers.
3. Find the sum of the series:

(a) cot17 + cot113 + cot121 + cot131 + ...... to n terms.
n 1
1 2 2
(b) tan1 + tan1 + ..... + tan1 1  2 2 n  1 + ..... 
3 9
1 1 1 1
(c) tan1 2
+ tan1 2 + tan1 2 + tan1 2 to n terms.
x x1 x  3x  3 x  5x  7 x  7 x  13
1 2 1 n  n1
(d) sin1 + sin1 + ..... + sin1 + ...... 
2 6 n (n  1)
n  1  ( k  1) k ( k  1)( k  2) 
(e) Lim
n 
 cos1 k ( k  1)


k 2  
4. Solve the following equations / system of equations:

 1 1 2
(a) sin1x + sin1 2x = (b) tan1 + tan1 = tan1 2
3 1  2x 1  4x x
(c) tan1(x1) + tan1(x) + tan1(x+1) = tan1(3x) (d) 3 cos1 x = sin1  1  x 2 (4 x 2  1) 

 
x1 2x  1 23 2 
(e) tan1 + tan1 = tan1 (f) sin1x + sin1y = & cos1x  cos1y =
x1 2x  1 36 3 3
1  a2 1  b2 x2  1 2x 2
(g) 2 tan1x = cos1 cos1 1  b 2 (a>0, b>0). (h) cos1 + tan1 2 =
1  a2 x2  1 x 1 3
5. Find the integral values of K for which the system of equations;
 2 K 2
 arc cos x  (arc sin y) 
 4
possesses solutions & find those solutions.
 2 4
(arc sin y) . (arc cos x) 
 16
y 3
6. Find all the positive integral solutions of, tan1x + cos1 = sin1 .
2 10
1 y
7. Column-I Column-II
 2 
(A) f (x) = sin–1   (P) f (x) is many one
 | sin x  1 |  | sin x  1 | 
(B) f (x) = cos–1( | x – 1 | – | x – 2 | ) (Q) Domain of f (x) is R
  
(C) f (x) = sin–1
  (R) Range contain only
 | sin 1 x  (  2) |  | sin 1 x  (  2) | 
 
irrational number
(D) f (x) = cos(cos–1 | x |) + sin–1(sin x) – cosec–1(cosec x) + cosec–1|x| (S) f (x) is even.
8. Solve the following system of inequations

4 (arctan x)2 – 8 arctanx + 3 < 0 & 4 arccot x – (arccot x)2 – 3 > 0
 cos 1 x   sin 1 x 
9. Consider the two equations in x : (i) sin   =1 (ii) cos   =0
 y   y 
The sets X1, X2  [1, 1] ; Y1, Y2  I  {0} are such that
X1 : the solution set of equation (i) X2 : the solution set of equation (ii)
Y1 : the set of all integral values of y for which equation (i) possess a solution
Y2 : the set of all integral values of y for which equation (ii) possess a solution
Let : C1 be the correspondence : X1  Y1 such that x C1 y for x  X1 , y  Y1 & (x , y) satisfy (i).
C2 be the correspondence : X2  Y2 such that x C2 y for x  X2 , y  Y2 & (x , y) satisfy (ii).

State with reasons if C1 & C2 are functions ? If yes, state whether they are bijective or not?
10 10
 m
10. If the sum   tan 1 n   k , find the value of k.
n 1 m 1
11 Show that the roots r, s, and t of the cubic x(x – 2)(3x – 7) = 2, are real and positive. Also compute the value
of tan–1(r) + tan–1(s) + tan–1(t).
  2x 2  4  
12. Solve for x : sin–1  sin  
2   <  – 3.
 1  x
  
13. Find the set of values of 'a' for which the equation 2 cos–1x = a + a2(cos–1x)–1 posses a solution.
  3    3 
14. Let f :  ,   [–1, 1], f(x) = sin x ; g : [, 2]  [–1, 1], g(x) = cosx ; h :  ,   R, h(x) = tanx ;
 2 2  2 2 
u : (, 2)  R, u(x) = cot x ;

Column I Column II
3
(A) Let f –1(x) + g–1(x) = k, then k = (P)
4
(B) The value of x satisfying the equation (Q) 1
h–1(x) = u–1(x) is
(C) Let complete range of function h–1(x) + u–1(x) – g–1(x) (R) 2
is [m, n], then m + n =
5
(D) The greatest value of function h–1(x) – f–1(x) (S)
2
is m, then m =
1 sin 1 x 1 1 x
15. Let  = (sin x ) ;  = (sin x )cos
1 sin 1 x 1 x
 = (cos x ) ;  = (cos 1 x )cos
Column I Column II
(A) x  (0, cos 1) (P)  >  >  > 
 1 
(B) x   cos 1,  (Q)  >  >  > 
 2
 1 
(C) x   , sin 1 (R)  >  >  > 
 2 
(D) x  (sin 1, 1) (S)  >  >  > 

(T)  >  >  > 
EXERCISE–III
5 2
1. If (tan–1x)2 + (cot–1x)2 = , then x equals :
8
(A) – 1 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) None of these
  2– 3    
2. The value of sin–1 cot  sin –1    cos –1 12   sec –1 2  is :
   4   4  

      
  
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D)
4 6 2
–
3. Statement-I : The equation sec–1x + cot–1x < has no solution.
2

Statement-II : sec x is not defined at
2
(A) If both Statement-I and Statement-II are true, and statement-II is the correct explanation of statement-I
(B) If both Statement-I and Statement-II are true, but statement-II is not the correct explanation of statement-I
(C) If Statement-I is true but statement-II is false
(D) If Statement-I is false but statement-II is true
4. Statement-I : The equation sin–1 x = cos–1x has one and only one solution.
Statement-II : The equation tan–1 x = 1 has only one solution.
5. Statement-I : sin–1 sin x  sin sin–1x, if –1 x 1.
Statement-II : sinand sin–1are different functions.
3
6. Statement-I : The maximum value or sin–1x + cosec–1x + cos–1x + sec–1x + tan–1x is
2
 
Statement-II : sin–1x + cos–1x = and sec–1x + cosec–1x =
2 2
7. If  = cot–1 cos x – tan–1 cos x , then sin  =
1 x 1 x
(A) tan x (B) tan2   (C) tan–1   (D) none of these
2 2 2 2
 xy   yz   xz 
8. If x2 + y2 + z2 = r2, then tan–1   + tan–1   + tan–1   =
zr
   xr   yr 

(A)  (B) (C) 0 (D) None of these
2
 1 –1   1 –1 
9. tan   cos x  + tan  – cos x  , (x  0) is equal to
 4 2   4 2 
2 1
(A) x (B) 2x (C) (D)
x x
xy  1 yz  1 zx  1
10. cot–1 x – y + cot–1 y – z + cot–1 is equal to (x > y > z > 0)
z–x
(A)  (B) 0
(C) cot–1 x + cot–1y + cot–1z (D) None of these
11. sin cot–1 tan cos–1 x is always equal to
1
(A) x (B) 1– x2 (C) (D) None of these
x
a(a  b  c ) b(a  b  c ) c (a  b  c )
12. tan–1 + tan–1 + tan–1 is equal to :
bc ca ab
(where a, b, c are positive real numbers)
(A) /4 (B) /2 (C)  (D) 0
13. If a1, a2, a3, ...... an is an A.P. with common difference d, then
 1 d d d 
tan tan  tan 1  ......  tan 1  equals :
 1  a1a 2 1  a 2a 3 1  a n1an 
(n  1)d (n  1)d nd (n  1)d
(A) a  a (B) 1  a a (C) 1  a a (D) 1  a a
1 n 1 n 1 n 1 n
2 3 
14. Statement-1 : tan–1 + tan–1 =
5 7 4
x yx
Statement-2 : tan–1  y  + tan–1   =  (x, y > 0)
  yx 4
15. If cos–1 (x/a) + cos–1 (y/b) = , Then x2/a2 + y2/b2 is equal to :
(A) (2xy/ab) cos  + sin2  (B) (2xy/ab) sin + cos2 
(C) (2xy/ab) cos2 + sin  (D) (2xy/ab) sin2 + cos 
2x
16. Let f : (–1, 1)  (0, ) be defined by f(x) = cot–1 . Then
1– x 2
(A) f is one-one but not onto (B) f is onto but not one-one
(C) f is both one-one and onto (D) f is neither one-one nor onto
EXERCISE–IV
1. cot–1  
cos  – tan–1  
cos  = x, then sin x is equal to [AIEEE 2002]
  
(A) tan2 (B) cot2 2 (C) tan  (D) cot
2 2
y
2. If cos–1x – cos–1 = , then 4x2 – 4xy cos  + y2 is equal to - [AIEEE 2005]
2
(A) 2 sin 2 4 (C) 4 sin2  (D) – 4 sin2 
2x
3. Let f : (–1, 1)  B, be a function defined by f(x) = tan–1 , then f is both one-one and onto when B is the
1 x2
interval - [AIEEE 2005]
         
(A)  0,  (B) 0,  (C)  ,  (D)   , 
 2  2  2 2  2 2
x 5 
4. If sin–1   + cosec–1   = then a value of x is : [AIEEE 2007]
5 4 2
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
   
5. The largest interval lying in  ,  for which the function f(x) = 4–x2 + cos–1  x – 1 + log(cosx), is defined,
2 2 2 
 
is- [AIEEE 2007]

        
(A) [0, ] (B)  ,  (C)  ,  (D) 0, 
2 2  4 2  2
 –1 5 2
6. The vale of cot  cos ec  tan –1  is : [AIEEE 2008]
 3 3
3 2 5 6
(A) (B) (C) (D)
17 17 17 17
7. If x, y, z are in A.P. and tan–1 x, tan–1y and tan–1z are also in A.P., then : [IIT Mains 2013]
(A) 6x = 4y = 3z (B) x = y = z (C) 2x = 3y = 6z (D) 6x = 3y = 2z
 2x  1
8. Let tan–1y = tan–1x + tan–1  2  where |x| < . Then a value of y is: [IIT Mains 2015]
 1 x  3
3x  x 3 3x  x 3 3x  x 3 3x  x 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
1  3x 2 1  3x 2 1  3x 2 1  3x 2
EXERCISE–V

1. The number of real solutions of tan1 x (x  1) + sin1 x 2  x  1 = is : [JEE '99, 2 (out of 200)]
2
(A) zero (B) one (C) two (D) infinite
2. Using the principal values, express the following as a single angle :
 1  1 142
3 tan1   + 2 tan1   + sin1 . [ REE '99, 6 ]
 2  5 65 5
ax bx
3. Solve, sin1 + sin1 = sin1x, where a2 + b2 = c2, c  0. [REE 2000(Mains), 3 out of 100]
c c
4. Solve the equation:


cos1  6x  cos 3 1
3x 2  2
[REE 2001 (Mains), 3 out of 100]
 x2 x 3  4 6 
5. If sin–1  x    ........ + cos–1  x 2  x  x  ........ = for 0 < | x | < 2 then x equals to
 2 4   2 4  2
[JEE 2001(screening)]
(A) 1/2 (B) 1 (C) – 1/2 (D) – 1
x2  1
6. Prove that cos tan–1 sin cot –1 x = [JEE 2002 (mains) 5]
x2  2

7. Domain of f(x) = sin 1 (2 x )  is [JEE 2003 (Screening) 3]
6
 1 1  1 3  1 1  1 1
(A)   ,  (B)   ,  (C)   ,  (D)   , 
 2 2  4 4  4 4  4 2
8.  
If sin cot 1(x  1)  cos(tan1 x) , then x = [JEE 2004 (Screening)]
1 1 9
(A) – (B) (C) 0 (D)
2 2 4
9. Let (x, y) be such that


sin–1(ax) + cos–1(y) + cos–1(bxy) =
2
Match the statements in Column I with statements in Column II and indicate your answer by darkening the
appropriate bubbles in the 4 × 4 matrix given in the ORS.
Column I Column II
(A) If a = 1 and b = 0, then (x, y) (P) lies on the circle x2 + y2 = 1
(B) If a = 1 and b = 1, then (x, y) (Q) lies on (x2 – 1)(y2 – 1) = 0
(C) If a = 1 and b = 2, then (x, y) (R) lies on y = x
(D) If a = 2 and b = 2, then (x, y) (S) lies on (4x2 – 1)(y2 – 1) = 0 [JEE 2007, 6]
–1 –1 2 1/2
10. If 0 < x < 1, then 1 x 2 [{x cos (cot x) + sin (cot x)} – 1] =
x
(A) (B) x (C) x 1 x 2 (D) 1 x 2
1 x2
[JEE 2008, 3]
 23  n 
1
11. 
The value of cot  
cot 


1   2k   is


[JEE Advanced 2013]
 n 1 k 1
23 25 23 24
(A) (B) (C) (D)
25 23 24 23
12. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
[JEE Advanced 2013]
List-I List-II
1/2
 1  cos(tan1 y)  y sin(tan1 y)   1 5
(P)  2    y4  takes value (1)
y 1 1  
  cot(sin y)  tan(sin y)   2 3
(Q) If cos x + cos y + cos z = 0 sin x + sin y + sin z then possible (2) 2
xy
value of cos is
2
 
(R) If cos   x  cos 2x + sin x sin 2x sec x = cos x sin 2x sec x (3) 1/2
 4 
 
+ cos   x  cos 2x then possible value of sec x is
 4 
(S) 
If cot sin
1

1  x 2 =sin tan1 x 6    , x 0, (4) 1
then possible value of x is

Codes :
(P) (Q) (R) (S)
(A) 4 3 1 2
(B) 4 3 2 1
(C) 3 4 2 1
(D) 3 4 1 2
13. Let f : [0, 4] [0, ] be defined by f(x) = cos–1 (cos x). The number of points x [0, 4] satisfying the
10  x
equation f(x) = is ............. [JEE Advanced 2014]
10
6 4
14. If  = 3 sin–1   and = 3 cos–1  9  , where the inverse trigonometric functions take only the principal
 11   
values, then the correct option(s) is (are) [JEE Advanced 2015]
(A) cos > 0 (B) sin < 0 (C) cos (+ ) > 0 (D) cos <0
 x     x  
15. Let E1  x  R: x  1 and  0  and E2   x  E1 :sin1  loge    isarealnumber 
 x 1     x  1  
  
(Here, the inverse trigonometric function sin–1x assumes values in   ,  ).
 2 2
 x 
Let f : E1  R be the function defined by f(x) = loge   and
 x  1
  x 
g : E2  R be the function defined by g(x)  sin1  loge   . [JEE Advanced 2018]
  x  1 
List - I List - II
 1   e 
(P) The range of f is (1)  , 1  e    e  1,  
   
(Q) The range of g contains (2) (0, 1)
 1 1
(R) The domain of f contains (3)  2 , 2 
 
(S) The domain of g is (4) (–, 0) (0, )
 e 
(5)  , e  1
 
1 e 
(6) (,0)   , 
 2 e  1
The correct option is :

(A) P  4; Q 2; R1; S1 (B) P  3; Q 3; R 6; S 5
(C) P  4; Q 2; R 1; S 6 (D) P  4; Q 3; R 6; S 5
i
  
x      x i  i
16. The number of real solutions of the equation sin1   xi1  x       cos 1         x   ly-
 i1 i 1  2  
 2  
  i1  2  i1 
 1 1
ing in the interval   ,  is _____________ .
 2 2
  
(Here, the inverse trigonometric functions sin–1 x and cos–1x assume values in  – ,  and [0, ],
 2 2
respectively.) [JEE Advanced 2018]
ANSWER KEY
PROFICIENCY TEST-01
3  24 2
1. (i) (ii) (iii) – (iv) –
2 3 25 7
 59 13
(v) (vi)  (vii) (viii)
10 36 15
1
(ix) (x) 15
2
2. C 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. B
9. A 10. B
PROFICIENCY TEST-02
1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. B
8. D 9. C 10. A
PROFICIENCY TEST-03
1. C 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. D 7. D
8. B 9. A 10. 10
EXERCISE–I
1 5 4 17 1  2
Q.1 5 Q.2 (a) (i) , (ii) , (iii) , (iv) ; (b) (i) , (ii) 1, (iii)  , (iv)
3 6 5 6 2 4 4
Q.3 (i) 1/3  x  1 (ii) {1, 1} (iii) 1 < x < 4 (iv) [– (1 + 2 ), ( 2 , – 1)]
(v) x (1/2 , 1/2), x  0 (vi) (3/2 , 2]

(vii) {7/3, 25/9} (viii) (2, 2)  {1, 0, 1} (ix) {xx = 2n  + , n  I}
6
Q.4 (a), (b), (c) and (d) all are identical.
Q.5 (i) D : x  R R : [/4 , )
      2  
(ii) D: x   n, n   x x  n   n  I; R:  ,   2
 2  4 3 3   
    
(iii) D: xR R : 0 ,  (iv) D: xR R :  , 
 2 2 4 
Q.6 53 Q.8  /2
 1 11
Q.11  Q.12 (a) ; (b) tan–1x Q.16 k=
3 2 4
1 17
Q.17 (a) (–, sec 2)  [1, ) Q.18
2
 2   2   2

Q.19 X = Y= 3  a 2 Q.21 (a) (cot 2 , )  (, cot 3) (b)  2 ,1 (c)  , 1    1 ,  
   2   2 
EXERCISE–II
9 9
Q.1   Q.2 6 cos–1x – , so a = 6, b = –
2 2
2n  5   
Q.3 (a) arc cot   , (b) 4 , (c) arc tan (x + n)  arc tan x, (d) 2 , (e) 6
 n 
1 3 1 1  3  4 1 ab
Q.4 (a) x = ; (b) x = 3; (c) x = 0, ,  ; (d)  , 1 ; (e) x = ; (f) x = , y = 1; (g) x =
2 7 2 2  2  3 2 1  ab
(h) x = 2  3 or 3
2 2
Q.5 K = 2 ; cos ,1 & cos , 1 Q.6 x=1;y=2 & x=2; y=7
4 4
Q.7 (A) P, Q, R, S; (B) P, Q; (C) P, R, S; (D) P, R, S
 1 
Q.8  tan , cot 1 Q.9 C1 is a bijective function, C2 is many to many correspondence, hence it is not a function
 2 
3
Q.10 k = 25 Q.11 Q.12 x Î (–1, 1)
4
Q.13 a  [–2, ] – {0} Q.14 (A) – S ; (B) – Q; (C) – R; (D) – P
Q.15 A  Q; B  T; C  R; D  P
EXERCISE–III
1. A 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. D 6. D 7. B
8. B 9. C 10. A 11. D 12. C 13. B 14. A
15. A 16. C
EXERCISE–IV
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. D 7. B
8. B
EXERCISE–V
Q.1 C Q.2  Q.3 x { 1, 0, 1} Q.4 x = 1/3 Q.5 B Q.7 D Q.8 A
Q.9 (A) P; (B) Q; (C) P; (D) S Q.10 C 11. B 12. B 13. 3
14. BCD 15. A 16. 2

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MATHEMATICS

INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

VIBRANT ACADEMY (India) Private Limited

P 3 (i) sin1 (x) =  sin1 x , 1  x  1

sin1 x + sin1 y = sin1 x 1  y  y 1  x 

(iv) cos1 x + cos1 y = cos1 x y   

9. (a) y = tan (tan 1 x) , x  R , y  R , y is aperiodic 9. (b) y = tan 1 (tan x) ,

10. (a) y = cot 1 (cot x) , 10. (b) y = cot (cot 1 x) ,

11. (a) y = cosec 1 (cosec x), 11. (b) y = cosec (cosec 1 x) ,

12. (a) y = sec 1 (sec x) , 12. (b) y = sec (sec 1 x) ,

4. The trigonometric equation sin–1x = 2sin–1 a has a solution for :

(A) 20 (B) 10 (C) 0 (D) None of these

5. If x > 0, sin–1(2 + x) + cos–1 (2 + x)

8. The value of cos [tan–1 tan2] is :

10. If a  tan–1x + cot–1x + sin–1x  b. Then :

2. If sin–1 (sin x) = – x then x belongs to :

7. If cos–1x > sin–1x, then :

8. sin–1 sin 15 + cos–1 cos 20 + tan–1 tan 25 =

2.(a) Find the following

(i)  cot  =  cot  , (ii)  tan  · tan  = 1

10. Prove that:

12. Find the simplest value of

15. Prove the identities.

 2mn   2pq   2MN 

21. Solve the following inequalities :

3. Find the sum of the series:

4. Solve the following equations / system of equations:

(c) tan1(x1) + tan1(x) + tan1(x+1) = tan1(3x) (d) 3 cos1 x = sin1  1  x 2 (4 x 2  1) 

5. Find the integral values of K for which the system of equations;

(B) f (x) = cos–1( | x – 1 | – | x – 2 | ) (Q) Domain of f (x) is R

(D) f (x) = cos(cos–1 | x |) + sin–1(sin x) – cosec–1(cosec x) + cosec–1|x| (S) f (x) is even.

8. Solve the following system of inequations

The sets X1, X2  [1, 1] ; Y1, Y2  I  {0} are such that

C2 be the correspondence : X2  Y2 such that x C2 y for x  X2 , y  Y2 & (x , y) satisfy (ii).

u : (, 2)  R, u(x) = cot x ;

(A) x  (0, cos 1) (P)  >  >  > 

(D) x  (sin 1, 1) (S)  >  >  > 

7. If  = cot–1 cos x – tan–1 cos x , then sin  =

(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5

is- [AIEEE 2007]

2. Using the principal values, express the following as a single angle :

4. Solve the equation:

9. Let (x, y) be such that

then possible value of x is

(Q) The range of g contains (2) (0, 1)

(S) The domain of g is (4) (–, 0) (0, )

The correct option is :

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