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End Closure:

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Joining Technologies
1. Mechanical joining or non-fusion
joining: uses mechanical energy,
usually semi-permanent, e.g., nut
and bolt or crimping
2. Chemical joining: uses chemical
and interfacial energy, usually
semi-permanent, e.g., glue
3. Metallurgical joining or fusion
joining: welding, brazing,
soldering

Easy read: https://weldingstars.com/welding-soldering-and-brazing-do-you-know-the-difference/ 57

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Joining Technologies
Mechanical joining:
1. Interlocking
2. Bolting (screws, nuts and bolts)
3. Riveting
4. Crimping, folding
5. Shrink fitting
6. …

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Closure: tab closure

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Closure: tab closure

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Closure: tab closure

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Closure: tab closure

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Rupture disks:
pressure relief valves

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Rupture disks:
pressure relief valves

Vizag, 2020 64
Bhopal, 1984

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Bends and corrugations:

strength through design

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Printing …

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Printing technology

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Printing technology

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Printing technology

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Printing technology

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Printing technology

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Coding for price, traceability

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How to choose a material for a

given application?
1. Identify functional needs
2. Translate those needs to properties
3. Set specifications on those properties
4. Identify key or critical properties
5. Identify limiting specifications
6. Be aware (beware?) of assumptions

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f2_pg1
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Closure: crown cap

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Scuffing: marking due to constant rubbing: small chips break off

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Scuffing: marking due to constant rubbing: small chips break off

Scuffing: surface damage in rubbing contact caused by the 78

chipping off or breaking off of junctions when the surfaces fail.
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Scuffing: marking due to constant rubbing: small chips break off

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How is this product made?

What materials are needed in making the product that made this?
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