UNIT TWO

Classification of Various
Art Forms in the
Philippines
 In this unit, we will discuss the
MATERIALS and APPROACHES
used by the artist.

The MATERIAL OR MEDIUM refers

to what the artist uses in his creation,
while the APPROACHES OR
TECHNIQUES deal with the methods
involved in the process of artistic
production.
 The pieces above feature the same subject of
heroism and nationalism of Bonifacio, yet convey
this message through different forms. What do you
think are the strengths and weaknesses of each
form?
PERFORMING ARTS
IN THE PHILIPPINES
Performing arts involve a PERFORMER
(usually a person) undertaking certain
actions and movements usually
accompanied by sound in a particular
space and time for an audience.
 There are three kinds of performing art forms classified
according to the material used.

AUDITORY

KINESTHETIC

DRAMATICS
 AUDITORY

Auditory for music, which has the following

elements:

1. RHYTHM: movement, fluctuation,

or variation marked by the regular
recurrence or natural flow of related
elements
 AUDITORY

2.PITCH - highness or lowness of sound

3.MELODY - a rhythmic succession of

single tones organized as an aesthetic
whole
 AUDITORY

4. MUSICAL NOTATIONS - the act,

process, method, or an instance of
representing by a system or set of marks,
signs, figures, or characters used in music

5. HARMONY - the combination of

simultaneous musical notes in a chord
 AUDITORY

TIMBRE - the perceived sound quality of

a musical tone which sets it apart from
other tones. This may be described as soft,
rough, hoarse, cold, and other similar
adjectives.
 KINESTHETIC
Kinesthetic for dance, which has the following
elements:

1. HUMAN BODY - the body is the center of the

performance activity. It performs the actions and
movements necessary to the piece. With that, it is
considered to be the main medium in performing
arts.
 KINESTHETIC

2. ARRANGEMENT OR PATTERN -
the movements and steps which enable
the performers to perform in an
organized manner
 KINESTHETIC

3. TIME AND SPACE - performing arts

depend highly on time and space. The
other elements must all come together to
complement the available and selected
time and space.
DRAMATICS

Dramatics for theatre, which has the following

elements:

1. STAGE DIRECTION - instructions

indicating movement, blockings or
positions, and other nuances in the
performers’ speaking, movement, and
acting
DRAMATICS

2. NARRATOLOGY - the narrative

structure of the piece

3. SCENIC DESIGN - the artistic

design that creates the background or
scene to complement the performances
In the Philippines, performing arts is shaped
by the country’s long history of colonization
and characterized by the diverse cultural
practices within the nation.
 In general, Philippine
performing arts have its roots in the
indigenous practice of rituals.

It is believed that the

rituals of early Filipino ancestors is the very
origins of theatre arts in the country.
VISUAL ARTS
IN THE PHILIPPINES
Take a good look at your school campus.
Consider its architecture and interior design
and, in pairs, discuss the following
questions: what do you think was the main
design consideration when they were
building your school? What mood were
they trying to convey? Further, how do
the materials and techniques used
contribute to the overall appearance?
 THREE TYPES OF VISUAL ARTS
CATEGORIZED ACCORDING TO THEIR
MATERIALS AND APPROACHES USED

TWO-DIMENSIONAL
EXPRESSION
Three-Dimensional
Expression
Multi-Dimensional
Expression
Two-Dimensional Expression

It is mainly flat because it only has length and

width as its dimensions.
There are several techniques that utilize this, namely:

1. ALLA PRIMA - also known as wet-on-wet or

when you paint over a layer of wet paint

2. ENCAUSTIC - also known as hot wax painting

or when you add pigment to beeswax and use it to
paint
ALLA PRIMA
ENCAUSTIC
Two-Dimensional Expression

3.TEMPERA PAINTING - adding pigment to

water-soluble binder medium such as egg
yolk
4. FRESCO - a mural painting technique that
involves painting over fresh plaster
5. WATER COLOR - when pigments are
suspended in a water-based solution
6. OIL ON CANVAS - adding pigments to drying
oil for binder
TEMPERA PAINTING
FRESCO
WATER COLOR
OIL ON CANVAS
Two-Dimensional Expression

7. MOSAIC - when small pieces are assembled

together (such as glass, stone, seeds, etc) to form an
image
8. STAINED GLASS - when an artwork is made
with coloured glass
9. TAPESTRY - textile art woven on a vertical loom

10. DRAWING - using a writing material (pen,

pencil, marker, etc) to mark a two-dimensional
canvas such as paper and form an image
MOSAIC
STAINED GLASS
TAPESTRY
DRAWING
Two-Dimensional Expression

11. PRINTING - when an image is formed using a

master template

12. PHOTOGRAPHY - creating images with light

PRINTING
PHOTOGRAPHY
 Three-Dimensional
Expression

Apart from length and width, three-dimensional

objects also has volume.
There are several techniques under this category,
namely:

1. MOLDING - reshaping a three-dimensional

object such as marble or plaster to create a new form
MOLDING
 Three-Dimensional
Expression

2. CARVING - scraping off parts of a material

(often wood) to create a new form

3. ETCHING - using a strong acid on a surface to

create a design
4. INSTALLING - a site-specific artwork designed
to transform and include space in its message
CARVING
ETCHING
 MULTI-DIMENSIONAL
EXPRESSION

Multi-dimensional expression uses length, width,

mass, time and space as its dimensions and it uses
various techniques.
The techniques are as follows:
Lashed construction
Truss Construction
Post and lintel construction
Cantilever
Lashed construction
Truss Construction
Post and lintel construction
Cantilever
Today, contemporary visual art is
marked by how it rebels against the
rules of form; with the rise of new
media and advanced technological
tools, more people are becoming open
to experimentation and the mixing of
forms.