EIA - OGDCL - 3D Seismic - Khewari & Bitrisim Report 2020

Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA)
3D Seimic Survey in 600 sq. km
area of Khewari (2568-3) &
\ Bitrisim (2568-4) Blocks, Sindh
Final Report
September 2020
SGS PAKISTAN (PVT) LIMITED
Page 1 of 1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Study
3D Seismic Survey in 600 sq. km area of Khewari (2568-3) & Bitrisim
(2568-4) Blocks, Sindh
Executive Summary
This report presents the findings of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the 3D seismic
activities in 600 sq. km area of Khewari (2568-3) & Bitrisim (2568-4) blocks in Sindh province. The
project proponent, Oil & Gas Development Company limited (hereinafter referred as OGDCL) has
appointed SGS Pakistan (Pvt.) Ltd. to undertake this EIA.
The proposed project boundary will cover some part of protected area Deh Akro Wildlife Sanctuary
(DAWS-II) and also some part of Nara Game Reserve and details are mentioned in the
Environmental baseline. The proposed project to which this Environmental Impact Assessment
(EIA) relates is entitled as “3D Seismic Survey in 600 sq. km area of Khewari (2568-3) & Bitrisim
(2568-4) Blocks in Sindh”.
The proposed 3D seismic activities are planned in 600 sq. km falls in two blocks Khewari & Bitrisim
situated in three districts Shaheed Benazirabad, Sanghar & Khairpur, in Sindh province.
Ex 0.1: 3D seismic activity area project location map
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OGDCL being the leading national E&P Company maintains a balanced portfolio of exploratory
assets in the established and unexplored areas. In line with its exploration led growth strategy,
OGDCL has acquired in-house state-of-the-art technology along with qualified team of professionals
to exploit potential exploration targets with minimized risks.
Exploration Department is well versed with adopting advanced exploration technology, with seismic
as the main sub-surface imaging technique for exploration of hydrocarbons.
OGDCL has five seismic acquisition crews, equipped with latest acquisition technology, capable of
acquiring 2D/3D data in diversified terrains.
Exploration Department also has its own seismic data processing center with state-of-the-art
supercomputing cluster capable of handling advanced image processing.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of the project has been carried out in compliance with the
mandatory requirement of Section 17 of Sindh Environmental Protection Act, 2014 which
requires that:
“No proponent of a project shall commence construction or operation unless he has filed with the
Agency an initial environmental examination or environmental impact assessment, and has obtained
from the Agency approval in respect thereof.”
Sindh Environmental Protection Agency (Review of IEE and EIA) Regulations, 2014 have been
notified under section 37 of SEPA 2014 and according to this any project situated in environmentally
sensitive areas requires an Environmental Impacts Assessment.
In compliance with the above cited regulations, an EIA study has been prepared and its report is
being filed with the Sindh Environmental Protection Agency for the approval.
The EIA has been prepared to conform to the requirements of the Sindh Environmental Protection
Act 2014 (SEPA), the Sindh Environmental Protection Agency (Review of IEE ad EIA) Regulations,
2014.
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OGDCL is granted exploration license of Khewari (2568-3) & Bitrisim (2568-4) by the Government
of Pakistan. OGDCL is willing to continue its exploration activities and enhance production
capacities. In this connection, OGDCL is going to perform seismic 3D Seismic activities include
seismic data acquisition within the project area. All these proposed activities will be carried out after
approval of Sindh EPA.
3D seismic data collection occurs along a line of receivers and resulting image represents section
below the line. Seismic survey will take around ten (10) months for completion. Generally two
techniques will be used for data acquisition; vibroseis in terrain with gentle slopes and flat sandy
areas; dynamite within agricultural lands, tidal flats/coastal areas, shallow waters (less than 2m
depth) and all other areas where access and working of the vibroseis will be difficult. Up-holes may
be drilled at selected locations within the area of seismic survey.
Seismic operation will involve housing about 450 people in a camp site and use of water for domestic
purposes. Local labour will also be employed during the operation. Description of activities involved
in seismic activities is discussed in below section.
During project activities, construction of campsite, access tracks, laying of wires and movement of
equipment will be carried out which may also require land clearing. If existing tracks will be found,
improvement of existing tracks will also be carried out in order to utilize these tracks during project
life.
Ex Summary 1.1: 3D Recording Land Geometry
Source Type Dynamite / Vibroseis
Survey Type Orthogonal
Receiver Interval 50
Source Interval 50
Receiver Line Interval 300m
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Ex Summary 1.1: 3D Recording Land Geometry
Source Line Interval 300m
Patch configuration 20L*6S*144CH/L
Total No. of Live Channels 2880
Total Fold 12*10 = 120
Aspect Ratio 0.83
Source Density 66.67
Inline Maximum Offset 3575m
Largest Offset 4650.9m
No. of Geophones / Stations 24
Geophone Array Linear
Sample Rate 2msec
Record Length 6 sec
Swath Uniform, 06 shots/salvo
In-line roll/X-line roll 01 Line
The prevailing environmental and socio-economic conditions of the project area and surroundings.
The project area is defined as ‘the areas where the project related activities to be carried, include the
proposed project site and surroundings and the areas that can interact with various positive and
negative externalities of the project in the long run. The proposed project site falls within three
districts i.e. Sanghar, Shaheed Benazirabad and Khairpur. The proposed project site and 5 km radius
of surrounding area is defined as Project Study Area for environmental and social baseline
development.
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Ex 0.2: Protected areas in the project boundaries
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Shaheed Benazirabad & Sanghar: The climate of the area is extremely hot during the summers and
cold/foggy during the winters. High temperatures and aridity are the main characteristics of the
summer season. Hottest month is June, when the maximum daytime temperature exceeds 45 °C in
the project area. The winter season goes from November to March. The mean monthly minimum
and maximum temperatures during winters are about 9 °C and 26 °C, respectively.
Khairpur: Climatically Khairpur is hot and arid and receives a very little average annual rainfall. Dry
hot days and cool nights are typical during the summer. May, June and July are the hottest months.
The mean maximum and minimum temperatures during this period are about 420C and 270C,
respectively. December, January and February are the coldest months. The mean maximum and
minimum temperatures during this period are about 250C and 70C, respectively.
Shaheed Benazirabad & Sanghar: The annual rainfall ranges between 9.0 mm and 405 mm. The
average annual rainfall is less than 88 millimetres. Rainfall varies from year to year in the monsoon
months between July and September. Maximum rainfall (about 60% of the total annual) occurs
during the Monsoon season (July, August and September), while the period of minimum rainfall or
drier period is October and November. Winter rains are insignificant.
Khairpur: In terms of rainfall, the district can be divided into two zones. The North western zone
receives an average annual rainfall from 125-255 mm whereas the south western zone is drier
receiving, on average, less than 125 mm annual rainfall. The generally estimated average annual
rainfall in the area is 5.47 inches (139 mm).
Humidity:
Shaheed Benazirabad & Sanghar: Relative humidity varies from about 60% in the early morning to
about 25% or less in the afternoon.
The main protected area is Deh Akro-II Wildlife Sanctuary (DAWS) which is a complex of natural
wetland ecosystem comprising of more than 40 lakes and associated marshes (fed by seepage from
Nara and Jamrao Canal and rain water) in unique desert habitat supporting a wide variety of
important wildlife species. Other protected areas include Nara Desert.
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Deh Akro – II as a Wildlife Sanctuary, as a Ramsar Site and as an Important Bird Area (IBA): A
wildlife Sanctuary is an area of land and/ or sea subject to active intervention for management
purpose so as to ensure the maintenance of habitats and/ or to meet the requirements of specific
species. It was notified as Wildlife Sanctuary in May, 1988 to give protection to the key species of
the area such as Desert Fox, Marbled Teal, Grey Partridge, Black Partridge, Indian Darter and Marsh
Crocodile. It has been designated as a Wetland of International Importance based on Ramsar Criteria
No. 1,2,3,4,5,6, and 8. The most significant criterion being Criterion 1 i.e. the site is considered
internationally important as it presents the example of a natural inland wetland ecosystem. Some
places are particularly important for threatened species, or because large concentration of birds occur
there, or unique species of birds are found there, or these are the representative of distinct habitats.
These are Important Bird Area (IBAs).
Nara Desert as a wildlife sanctuary: Nara Desert Wildlife Sanctuary having four different habitats
viz. desert, agriculture areas, wetlands and human habitations. As many as 28 species of mammals,
78 species of birds, 16 species of reptiles and 25 species of dominant flora have been recorded during
the present study. Chinkara, wolf, desert fox, marbled teal, houbara bustard, grey partridge, imperial
sand grouse and white-backed vulture are the key species of the area. Three species of mammals of
the area viz. striped hyaena, caracal and honly badger are critically endangered while Indian wolf is
endangered. Two species of birds are threatened viz. Indian white-beaked vulture and Houbara
Bustard which are vulnerable. Breeding of red wattled lapwing, white-tailed plover, black winged
stilt and black headed myna was recorded from the area during the present studies. The occurrence
of large pied wagtail (Motacilla maderaspatensis) and rock bunting (Emberiza cia) has been recorded
from the sanctuary. lizards and snakes are quite common in the area except short tailed toad, Agama,
which are rare, none of them is threatened. Twenty-five species of plants have been recorded from
NDWS, which are fairly common species in the marshy and desert areas of NDWS. The area is also
important for water birds due to a number of wetlands present in the NDWS.
Sanghar: District Sanghar has been an important administrative unit that played an important role in
the economy, trade and history of eastern Sindh. The Britain contributed in a number of ways
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towards the development of Sindh. The province was divided into different administrative units and
assigned to Zamindars (landlords) to collect taxes for the British government. The British
government developed these areas as urban centers. Consequently, people migrated from other
districts and provinces as well and started to reside here. The British named these small developed
areas as "Talukas". To crush the Hur Tehrik, the British government established Sanghar as district
Headquarters. Sanghar was declared a district again in 1954 and its headquarters was finally
established in Sanghar city.
Khairpur: The princely state of Khairpur was recognized in 1832 by the British, who allowed it to
retain its political existence after the British annexation of Sindh in 1843. In 1947, when Pakistan
gained independence, Khairpur was one of the princely states that opted to join Pakistan. In 1955,
the Government of Pakistan announced the abolition of all the princely states and Khairpur was
annexed into the then province of West Pakistan.
Shaheed Benazirabad: Shaheed Benazirabad district was formerly known as Nawabshah district. It
was renamed in April 2008 after the assassination of Benazir Bhutto (a reputed national political
leader and Chairperson of Pakistan People’s Party). The British Empire named this taluka after the
name of a migrator, Syed Nawab Shah, which was initially called Nawabshah town, and then
developed as Nawabshah taluka and finally it was upgraded to the status of Nawabshah district in
1912. Seven Talukas were included in this district, namely: Kandiaro, Nausheroferoze, Moro,
Sakrand, Nawabshah, Sanjhoro and Shahdadpur.
Stakeholders are peoples or group of people who are somehow get affected by a project, as well as
those who may have interests in a project and/or the ability to influence its outcome, either positively
or negatively. Stakeholders may include locally affected communities or individuals and their formal
and informal representatives, national or local government authorities, politicians, religious leaders,
civil society organizations and groups with special interest, the academic community, or other
businesses.
The participation of project stakeholders in project planning, designing and implementation is now
universally recognized as an integral part of environmental impact assessment. The Sindh
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Environmental Protection Act 2014 (Section 17 (3)) highlights that: “Every review of an
environmental impact assessment shall be carried out with public participation”.
Stakeholders can be classified as primary and secondary stakeholders depending on the influence of
the project activities on them. The individuals and organizations that may be directly affected by
project activities have been termed as Primary Stakeholders. The term secondary stakeholders refer
to individuals and organizations that will not be directly affected by project implementation, but that
do have an influence on, or an interest in, the area. Primary stakeholders were limited to affected
persons, local communities and local government functionaries. The Secondary stakeholders mainly
included national as well as international Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), government
representatives and regulators, and other such organizations. The public consultation process and the
outcomes presented in this section cover both the primary and secondary stakeholders.
List of stakeholders being identified and consulted is given as
▪ Chief Conservator of Sindh Wildlife Department

▪ Deputy Conservator of Sindh Wildlife Department for Shaheed Benazirabad District
▪ Divisional Forest officer for Shaheed Benazirabad District
▪ Deputy/Assistant Director Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Sukkur
▪ Local residents
▪ Shop owners
▪ Farmers
▪ Small Scale business persons
In the first step, potential impacts of the project are identified by desktop screening exercise, using
checklist during field visits for collection of baseline data, professional judgment, published
literature on environmental impact of similar projects and standard environmental guidelines.
Critical steps in identifying potential impacts are discussion with project proponent, consultation
with stakeholders and communities to identify their concern. Public consultation was carried out to
identify the concerns of primary and secondary stakeholders.
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The main aspects associated with potential impacts are as follow;
▪ Geomorphology, soil
▪ Water resources (aquifer and surface water quality)
▪ Ambient air quality
▪ Waste discharges
▪ Noise pollution
▪ Greenhouse gases emissions
▪ Ozone depleting substance
▪ Protected areas
▪ Ecology of the area, including flora and fauna
▪ Vehicle movement
▪ Socio-economic conditions; and
▪ Archaeology
The impacts have been assessed following standard international guidelines and best available
practices. The method defines three levels of consequence (or severity) and likelihood (or probability
of occurrence) - High, Medium or Low - of an impact. A standard risk based approach has been used
in which;
The significance of an impact is determined on the basis of the level of consequence and likelihood
of the impact e.g. an impact of medium severity is assigned a low significance if the likelihood of
occurrence of the impact is low and high significance if the likelihood of occurrence is high or almost
certain.
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Construction of camp sites, access roads, and other project facilities could cause topographic
changes, soil erosion and contamination. Environmental aspects of proposed project activities related
to landscape and soil are:
▪ Clearing and levelling during seismic data acquisition and campsite construction and access
track improvement;
▪ Physical disturbance as a result of project activities;
▪ Storage of chemicals, oil, fuel or waste;
▪ Likely impacts of these activities can include:
▪ Physical scarring of the landscape;
▪ Increased risk of land slippage;
▪ Accelerated soil erosion;
▪ Alteration of soil quality by loss of topsoil;
▪ Soil and water contamination resulting from spillage, leakage or improper waste disposal;
▪ Aquatic ecology may disturb due to soil erosion.
The proposed mitigation measures to reduce the impacts on geology, topography, and soil during
the proposed project activity are given below:
▪ The project area where seismic line cutting is a requirement, the activity will be carried out in
a way that would minimize disturbance to natural topography and soils.
▪ Width of seismic line will be restricted to 4.5m in order to avoid unnecessary cutting of
vegetation and soil removal.
▪ Unnecessary clearing of vegetation will be strictly prohibited;
▪ Any loss of dense patches of riverine forest will be compensated by plantation/replantation.

The number of trees to be planted against the number removed will be determined in
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consultation with the line department (Sindh Forest Department) and International
organization like IUCN;
▪ The camp site and fly camp should preferably be located outside the protected areas and will
preferably be located in existing clearing and levelled land.
▪ Monitoring of all activities related to removal of plantation and the compliance of appropriate
compensatory mechanism should be done.
▪ The number of access tracks will be specific and kept to minimum levels.
▪ The number of routes will be kept to a minimum.
▪ Vehicle speeds will be regulated and monitored to avoid excessive dust emissions;
▪ Water sprinkling should be carried out to minimize dust emissions due vehicular movement
and other construction activities;
▪ Off-road travel should be avoided and observance of this should be monitored during the
project;
Impacts on air quality as a result of project activities may arise from the liberation of dust during
excavation, vehicular movement and exhaust emissions from vehicles, generators and burning of
combustible wastes.
a) Assessment of Potential Impacts
Dust generated during the excavation activities should be limited to the civil work. However, with
the increased vehicular activity and construction of access tracks, the impact of dust may become
more extensive. The dust associated with seismic activity, site clearance and excavations will be
limited to the duration of the civil works and may exaggerate if this activity is undertaken during the
dry season. The impact is expected to be limited only during project activities and considered to be
low by applying below mentioned mitigation measures.
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Vehicular and exhaust emissions generally emit particulate matters in the form of smoke, carbon
dioxide (CO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOX), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are principal atmospheric pollutants from above mentioned
sources. CO2 is the principal greenhouse gas (GHG) among these pollutants. The environmental
impacts of stated pollutants are summarized as following.
Improper tuning of generators and vehicles may lead to deteriorate the air quality of project area.
However, OGDCL will monitor all emission sources during project activities through IMC.
Above mentioned assessment shows that the sources of emission will not be significant enough to
alter the ambient air quality and the impact is assessed to be of low significance due to medium
likelihood and low severity to alter ambient air quality due to project activities.
b) Mitigation Measures
The mitigation measures given below will further reduce their impact and ensure that they remain
within acceptable limits.
▪ All equipment, generators, and vehicles used during the project will be properly tuned and
maintained in good working condition in order to minimize exhaust emissions;
▪ All project vehicles will be checked regularly to ensure that engines are in sound working
condition and are not emitting smoke;
▪ Campsite will be located at least 500 m away from communities;
▪ Access track to access camp site will maintain a practical distance from communities in order
to avoid dust impacts on nearby communities;
▪ Dust emissions during project activities will be minimised by good management practices such
as locating stock piles out of the wind direction, keeping the height of the stock piles to a
minimum, keeping earthwork areas damp etc.;
▪ Imposing speed limits and encouraging more efficient journey management will reduce the
dust emissions produced by vehicular traffic;
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▪ Water sprinkling should be carried out to minimize dust emissions in order to minimum
deterioration of ambient air quality;
Loss of habitat may disturb the wildlife due to clearing of 4.5 m wide seismic lines for the operation
of vibroseis (if required), preparation of new access tracks; sensory disturbance due to movement of
vehicles and crew personnel; sitting and operation of camps; data acquisition activities, shooting and
recording. Likely impacts from proposed project activities can include:
▪ Habitat loss due to vegetation clearing
▪ Temporary disturbance/movement of some wildlife from the proposed project site due to:
• Elevated noise
• Sensory disturbance due to presence and movement of people and vehicles.
• Use of lights
• Improper waste disposal
The project area falls in the wildlife protected areas Deh AkroWildlife (DAWS–II) and Nara Desert
which are sensitive areas with respect to the wildlife importance. The water bodies and the wildlife
sanctuary are considered to be critical habitats due to the presence human settlement and economic
development activities (alternation of forest land into agriculture land, wood cutting, fish farming
and livestock grazing) are the major threat to wildlife in project area.
a) Assessment of Potential Impacts
Many different wildlife species are found in project area, as discussed in detail in respective section
of the EIA report. Most of the animals in the project corridor are common along with few sensitive
wildlife species.
Potential impacts of project activities on wildlife and habitat could be sensory disturbance to the
species due to personnel movement and noise generated during seismic activities, lights used at the
camp sites, noise and mortalities due to vehicular movement.
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The activities on seismic lines and access tracks will be carried out in series, one line after the other
or at the most two lines at a time. This will provide relief to wildlife species affected by noise or
human presence in neighbouring environment.
The site of the seismic camp will be selected away from the sensitive areas to minimise any impacts
of its operation on the wildlife. Similarly camps will be preferably constructed away from the
wildlife sensitive areas.
Improper disposal of solid waste can disturb the ecology of the project area or may increase the
population of reptiles and rodents. However, implementation of waste management plan will reduce
the impact of improper waste disposal with respect to wildlife.
All the project activities will be properly monitored through IMC. This will avoid disturbance to
wildlife species may affected by noise or human presence in the neighbouring environment.
Determining the effects of noise on wildlife is complicated because responses vary between species
and between individuals of a single population. These variable responses may be due to characteristic
of noise, season, and activity at the time of exposure, sex and age of the individual, level of previous
exposure. However, it has been observed that with continued exposure to noise, animals show a
decreased tendency to move away (Hompland, 1985).
The animals might tend to move away from the area where project activities to be conducted for an
initial period of time but can be expected to return to these areas once they have habituated to the
disturbance. This acclimatization with environment will lessen the significance of this impact.
Birds have been categorized as residents and visitors (summer & winter), a considerable number of
avifauna in the area consist of winter visitors. Moreover, birds are highly mobile and tend to avoid
areas of disturbance. Therefore, except for localised effects on behaviour due to sensory disturbance,
a minor to moderate impact on these bird species can be envisaged and are found to be least to
moderate susceptible from the project activities.
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Potential direct impacts of the project activities on reptiles and small mammals are believed to be
loss of habitat; displacement from the immediate and adjacent areas from seismic lines, camp sites,
and access track; and mortality during construction activities.
Clearing of seismic lines within project area will be minimised by avoiding/minimizing unnecessary
clearing of vegetation in order to limit the habitat loss of small mammals and reptiles. Loss of habitat
due to construction of access track and campsites will be only a very small fraction of the total
available habitat for these species.
In the absence of any mitigation, clearing of land and vegetation in areas with small mammal or
reptile holes can lead to mortality of these species. It is expected that at the start of construction work
in any area, small mammals and reptiles will flee from the area due to the vibrations and noise of the
construction machinery. As most of the species have developed an intricate network of holes in the
ground, these species will be able to find many escape routes.
For the purpose of risk assessment, we conclude that there is no potential of measurable threat to the
wildlife due to low possibility of occurrence and the impact is assessed to be of minor significance.
b) Mitigation Measures
The following mitigation measures will reduce the adverse impacts on the wildlife of the project
area:
▪ Before start of any activity, awareness trainings will be provided to contractor’s management
and field crew related to wildlife protection.
▪ No-hunting and no-trapping policy will be strictly enforced, unless human life is under threat.
▪ Harassment of wildlife during project activities will be avoided;
▪ Areas with concentrated colonies of active burrows and dens will be avoided during the
seismic operation and access track improvement/construction;
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▪ Prior to the improvement and construction works on the access tracks, areas with small
mammal and reptile holes will be identified. All live holes will be disturbed manually or by
other appropriate means so as to dislocate species residing in these holes.
▪ A high density of live small mammal and reptile holes will be re-routed during project
activities, if possible, to avoid disturbance to that section of the track.
▪ Project personnel or vehicles will not be allowed to access the ridges in order to minimize
disturbance to animals.
▪ Movement of project personnel and vehicles will be restricted to the seismic lines, access
tracks and camp site areas;
▪ Training should be provided to drivers and staff for safe driving practices to protect local
community and wildlife.
▪ Use of firearms will be clearly restricted;
▪ General awareness of the crew would be provided regarding the wildlife, through
environmental training, notice board postings, tool box talks etc;
▪ The project staff would be educated and morally trained to avoid killing, feeding or harassment
of wildlife;
▪ Physical disturbance to areas outside the work corridors will be avoided;
▪ The total duration of activities will be minimized by good management;
▪ Night travelling during project activities will be kept to a minimum;
▪ Lights used at the campsites will be kept to the minimum required;
▪ Noise generating equipment, machinery and vehicles should be properly tuned and
periodically inspected to minimize excessive noise generation within study area;
▪ Use of pressure horn will be prohibited at wildlife sensitive areas, especially in nighttime.
▪ Avoid unnecessary vehicular movement to minimize noise impacts on wildlife.

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▪ Food wastes will not be disposed of in the open. Food wastes collected in waste segregation
units will be disposed of according to waste management plan;
▪ Construction work near areas which show reptile populations will commence after a soft start
up and will be randomly monitored;
▪ Vehicular speed will be monitored and controlled to avoid incidental mortalities of wild
animals;
▪ Project activities preferably should not be carried out in winter season which is the migratory
seasons of key winter visitors.
▪ Special care shall be taken if project activities will be executed in winter season especially
from November (when they have reached the desired destinations in warmer areas) to February
(when they back to their homelands).
▪ Independent Monitoring Consultant (IMC) shall be hired to ensure compliance with mitigation
measures and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) of this EIA report.
The distribution of employment during implementation of the project activities should be done in a
manner ensuring that the people likely to be affected by the project or the most vulnerable groups of
the community are given preference in employment opportunities.
Employment opportunities shall be created both for skilled and unskilled workers during the project
cycle. Skilled and trained work force is not expected to be available in the area. However, project
proponent will ensure to hire locals for unskilled jobs and wherever possible, for skilled jobs.
a) Mitigation Measures
▪ OGDCL and its contractors should employ local residents for semi-skilled and unskilled
opportunities and wherever possible, for skilled jobs during the project cycle.
▪ Local residents living closest to the project location will be given priority in the employment
process.
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▪ Labour from local communities will be recruited equitably among the tribes and the
employment procedures will be transparent.
After the detailed impact assessment activity, it can be concluded that Project will bring positive
changes in physical, biological and socioeconomic environments. Some activities under this project
have been identified to cause low to moderate environmental negative impacts and their mitigation
measures have been prescribed. Proper and timely execution of these measures will reverse most of
the negative impacts in the long term. These impacts can be controlled by regular monitoring as
OGDCL would comply with national and international environmental, safety and health standards.
Protection and monitoring measures will be incorporated at each phase of the proposed project
activity
SGS Pakistan successfully materialized the EIA study of the proposed project. The study was based
on baseline environmental and socioeconomic information, which was collected from a variety of
sources, including reports of previous studies, desk studies, census report etc. All adequate
requirements have been addressed in this EIA report, which has a viable length covering the
following:
▪ The proposed project activities

▪ Environmental conditions of the proposed site and its surroundings
▪ Legislative requirements related to the project
▪ Significant environmental impacts of the proposed project activities on the physical, biological
and socio-economic receptors
▪ Mitigation measures in order to reduce any impact on physical, biological and socioeconomic
receptors
▪ An EMP has been provided that will help in effective implementation of the mitigation
measures.
This environmental study has fully examined the potential environmental impacts due to proposed
project activities. Mitigation measures that required minimizing or obviating these impacts are also
suggested.
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It is therefore concluded that
“Proposed seismic activities with associated seismic data acquisition, construction work has low
intensity adverse impacts, likely to be of short term duration, minor and of local consequence and
are insignificant. A vigilant implementation of mitigation measures and Environmental Management
Plan (EMP) will ensure that environmental impacts are managed and minimized and are within
acceptable limits.”
Moreover, proposed project activities will not lead to pose adverse environmental impacts, if
suggested mitigation measures and EMP is implemented effectively.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
3D Seismic Survey in 600 sq. km area of Khewari (2568-3) & Bitrisim (2568-4)
Blocks, Sindh
Table of Contents
Executive Summary ................................................................................ ES1-20
1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 1-1
1.1 Project Title and Project Proponents .............................................................. 1-1
1.1.1 Project Title ......................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1.2 Project Proponent ................................................................................................ 1-1
1.2 EIA Consultants ................................................................................................ 1-2
1.3 Purpose of the Report ....................................................................................... 1-3
1.4 Categorization of the Project ........................................................................... 1-3
1.5 EIA Process........................................................................................................ 1-4
1.5.1 Overview of EIA ................................................................................................. 1-4
1.5.2 Objective of EIA ................................................................................................. 1-5
1.5.3 Scope of EIA ....................................................................................................... 1-5
1.5.4 Spatial Scope ....................................................................................................... 1-5
1.6 EIA Methodology .............................................................................................. 1-7
1.6.1 Scoping ................................................................................................................ 1-7
1.6.2 Data Collection.................................................................................................... 1-7
1.6.3 Baseline ............................................................................................................... 1-7
1.6.4 Stakeholder Consultation .................................................................................... 1-8
1.6.5 Evaluation of Alternatives ................................................................................... 1-8
1.6.6 Impact Assessment and Mitigation ..................................................................... 1-9
1.7 Organization of the Report ............................................................................ 1-10
1.8 Proponent Contact Details ............................................................................. 1-11
1.9 Consultant Contact Details ............................................................................ 1-11
Table of Content
i
Blocks, Sindh
2 Legal Framework ................................................................................... 2-1

2.1 Constitutional Provision ................................................................................... 2-1
2.2 Framework of Environment and Wildlife Institution in Pakistan ............... 2-1
2.3 National Environmental Policies ..................................................................... 2-2
2.3.1. National Environmental Policy, 2005 ................................................................. 2-2
2.3.2. National Conservation Strategy........................................................................... 2-3
2.3.3. National Environmental Action Plan-Support Programme (NEAP-SP) ............. 2-4
2.3.4. Policy & Procedures for The Filing, Review and Approval of Environmental
Assessments ........................................................................................................ 2-4
2.3.5. Petroleum Exploration & Production Policy 2012 .............................................. 2-4
2.4 Provincial Environmental Legislation ............................................................ 2-5
2.4.1. Sindh Environmental Protection Act 2014 .......................................................... 2-5
2.4.2. Sindh Environmental Protection Agency Review of IEE and EIA Regulations,
2014 ..................................................................................................................... 2-6
2.4.3. Sindh Environmental Quality Standards ............................................................. 2-8
2.4.4. Self-Monitoring and Reporting by Industry Rules, 2014 .................................... 2-9
2.5 The Forest Act 1927 .......................................................................................... 2-9
2.6 Sindh Wildlife Protection Ordinance, 1972 (SWPO) and Amendments
2001 ................................................................................................................ 2-10
2.7 Sindh Fisheries Ordinance, 1980 ................................................................... 2-10
2.8 Petroleum Act 1934 ......................................................................................... 2-11
2.9 The Mines Act 1923 ........................................................................................ 2-12
2.10 Regulation of Mines and Oil Fields and Mineral Development (Government
Control) Act, 1948 ........................................................................................... 2-12
2.11 Exploration and Production Rules, 1986 ...................................................... 2-12
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2.12 Antiquities Act 1975 and The Sindh Cultural Heritage (Preservation) Act,
1994................................................................................................................... 2-12
2.13 Land Acquisition Act, 1894 ............................................................................ 2-13
2.14 Pakistan Penal Code (1860)............................................................................ 2-13
2.15 Explosive Substances Act 1908 ...................................................................... 2-14
2.16 Explosives Act 1884......................................................................................... 2-15
2.17 National Environmental Guidelines .............................................................. 2-15
2.17.1. The Pakistan Environmental Assessment Procedures 1997 .............................. 2-15
2.17.2. Guidelines for Operational Safety, Health and Environmental Management,
December 1996 ................................................................................................. 2-16
2.17.3. Guidelines for Public Consultation ................................................................... 2-16
2.17.4. Sectoral Guidelines for Environmental Reports Oil & Gas Exploration and
Production ......................................................................................................... 2-16
2.18 International Guidelines ................................................................................. 2-17
2.18.1. World Bank Guidelines on Environment .......................................................... 2-17
2.18.2. IFC Performance Standards .............................................................................. 2-17
2.18.3. IFC Environmental, Health & Safety Guidelines .............................................. 2-18
2.19 International Conventions & Treaties .......................................................... 2-18
2.19.1. International Convention on Biodiversity ......................................................... 2-18
2.19.2. The Convention on Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals,
1979 ................................................................................................................... 2-19
2.19.3. The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, Ramsar 1971 ........ 2-19
2.19.4. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and
Flora (Cites) ...................................................................................................... 2-20
2.19.5. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)
Red List ........................................................................................................... 2-21
2.20 International and National Environment and Conservation Organizations
........................................................................................................................... 2-21
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3. Project Description ................................................................................. 3-1

3.1 Need Assessment of the Project & Objectives ................................................ 3-1
3.2 Project Objectives ............................................................................................. 3-2
3.3 Project Location ................................................................................................ 3-2
3.4 Project Administrative Jurisdiction ................................................................ 3-4
3.5 Proposed Project ............................................................................................... 3-4
3.6 Seismic Operation ............................................................................................. 3-5
3.7 Methodology for Seismic Survey ..................................................................... 3-6
3.7.1 Camp Site Selection and Access Track ............................................................... 3-6
3.7.2 Camp Establishment and Mobilization ............................................................... 3-7
3.7.3 Land Permitting ................................................................................................... 3-7
3.7.4 Line Survey and Preparation ............................................................................... 3-7
3.7.5 Data Acquisition.................................................................................................. 3-8
3.7.6 Restoration and Rehabilitation .......................................................................... 3-12
3.7.6 Accommodation and Supplies ........................................................................... 3-12
3.8 Project Schedule .............................................................................................. 3-13
3.9 Resource Usage and Requirement ................................................................. 3-13
3.9.1 Recruitment ....................................................................................................... 3-13
3.9.1 Water Requirement ........................................................................................... 3-14
3.9.1 Electricity Requirement..................................................................................... 3-14
3.9.1 Fuel Requirement .............................................................................................. 3-14
3.9.1 Vehicle Requirement ......................................................................................... 3-14
3.10 Waste Generation and Disposal ..................................................................... 3-15
3.10.1 Solid Waste ....................................................................................................... 3-15
3.10.2 Waste Water ...................................................................................................... 3-15
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3.11 Fire Safety During Seismic Activities ............................................................ 3-15

4 Project Alternatives................................................................................ 4-1
4.1 Alternative-I No Development Option ............................................................ 4-1
4.2 Alternative-II Survey Design Alternative Technologies &
Recommendations ..................................................................................................... 4-2
5. Environmental and Socio-economic Baseline ...................................... 5-1
5.1 Physical Environment ....................................................................................... 5-3
5.1.1 Topography ......................................................................................................... 5-3
5.1.2 Geology and Soil Texture ................................................................................... 5-4
5.1.3 Seismicity ........................................................................................................... 5-5
5.1.4 Water Resources.................................................................................................. 5-7
5.1.5 Climatology and Meteorology ............................................................................ 5-8
5.1.6 Ambient Air Quality.......................................................................................... 5-14
5.1.7 Noise Monitoring .............................................................................................. 5-19
5.1.8 Soil Quality of Project Area .............................................................................. 5-19
5.1.9 Water quality Monitoring of Project Area ........................................................ 5-23
5.2 Biological Environment .................................................................................. 5-33
5.2.1 Protected/Sensitive Areas .................................................................................. 5-33
5.2.2 Habitats ............................................................................................................. 5-39
5.2.3 Flora .................................................................................................................. 5-40
5.2.4 Faunal Attributes of the Project Area ................................................................ 5-44
5.3 Socio-economic Environment ........................................................................ 5-50
5.3.1 Methodology ..................................................................................................... 5-50
5.3.2 History ............................................................................................................... 5-50
5.3.3 Geography ......................................................................................................... 5-51
5.3.4 Culture (Ethnicity, Religion and Politics) ......................................................... 5-51
5.3.5 Administrative Division .................................................................................... 5-52
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Blocks, Sindh
5.3.6 Irrigation ............................................................................................................ 5-54

5.3.7 Population Characteristics ................................................................................. 5-55
5.3.8 Livelihood ......................................................................................................... 5-55
5.3.9 Agriculture ........................................................................................................ 5-57
5.3.10 Industry ............................................................................................................. 5-57
5.3.11 Livestock ........................................................................................................... 5-58
5.3.12 Health Facilities................................................................................................. 5-59
5.3.13 Education........................................................................................................... 5-60
6. Stakeholders Consultation..................................................................... 6-1

6.1 Objectives of Stakeholders Consultation ........................................................ 6-2
6.2 Identification of Stakeholders .......................................................................... 6-2
6.3 Classification of Stakeholders .......................................................................... 6-2
6.4 Methodology for Stakeholder Consultation ................................................... 6-3
6.4.1 Primary Stakeholders .......................................................................................... 6-3
6.4.2 Secondary Stakeholders ...................................................................................... 6-4
6.5 Institutional Stakeholders Consultation ......................................................... 6-4
6.5.1 Conservator Sindh Wildlife Department – Mr. Javed Maher.............................. 6-4
6.5.2 Deputy Conservator Sindh Wildlife Department – (Shaheed Benazirabad District) –
Mr. Riaz............................................................................................................... 6-5
6.5.3 Sindh Environmental Protection Agency (Sukkur) ............................................. 6-6
6.5.4 Deputy Conservator Sindh Forest Department – (Shaheed Benazirabad District)6-6
6.6 Response of Public Consultation ..................................................................... 6-7
6.6.1 Village Mathio Khan Wasan ............................................................................... 6-8
6.6.2 Village Lemo Khan ............................................................................................. 6-8
6.6.3 Village Habibullah Khaskeli ............................................................................... 6-8
6.6.4 Village Nihal Khaskheli ...................................................................................... 6-9
6.6.5 Village Allah Buxsh ............................................................................................ 6-9
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6.6.6 Village Alawario Mangwano .............................................................................. 6-9

6.6.7 Village Haji Yosuf Dehri .................................................................................. 6-10
6.6.8 Village Kalhori .................................................................................................. 6-10
6.6.9 Village Khan Muhammad ................................................................................. 6-11
6.6.10 Village Miran Dad............................................................................................. 6-11
7. Impact Prediction, Evaluation and Mitigation Measures .................. 7-1

7.1 Identification of Potential Impacts .................................................................. 7-1
7.2 Impact Classification ........................................................................................ 7-2
7.3 Impact Scoping Criteria ................................................................................... 7-2
7.4 Impact Assessment Methodology .................................................................... 7-3
7.5 Impact Assessment for Design Phase .............................................................. 7-6
7.6 Impact Assessment for Seismic Activities ....................................................... 7-6
7.7 Impacts on Physical Environment ................................................................... 7-7
7.7.1. Topography & Soil .............................................................................................. 7-7
7.7.2. Water Resource ................................................................................................. 7-11
7.7.3. Ambient Air Quality.......................................................................................... 7-15
7.7.4. Noise Pollution and Vibration ........................................................................... 7-16
7.7.5. Waste Generation .............................................................................................. 7-18
7.7.6. Vehicular Movement ......................................................................................... 7-22
7.8 Impacts on Biological Environment .............................................................. 7-24
7.8.1. Vegetation ......................................................................................................... 7-24
7.8.2. Wildlife and Habitats ........................................................................................ 7-27
7.9 Socio Economic Impacts ................................................................................. 7-31
7.9.1. Land Acquisition and Compensation ................................................................ 7-32
7.9.2. Community Disturbance ................................................................................... 7-32
7.9.3. Restricted Mobility............................................................................................ 7-33
7.9.4. Community Grievances/Complaints ................................................................. 7-34
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7.9.5. Archeological, Cultural and Religious Sites ..................................................... 7-34

7.9.6. Community Safety............................................................................................. 7-35
7.9.7. Safety of Workers.............................................................................................. 7-36
7.9.8. Emergency and Accidents ................................................................................. 7-36
7.9.9. Employment ...................................................................................................... 7-37
7.9.10. Local Economy ................................................................................................. 7-37
8. Environmental Management Plan ........................................................ 8-1

8.1 Scope of the EMP .............................................................................................. 8-2
8.2 Purpose and Objectives of the EMP ............................................................... 8-2
8.3 Methodology ..................................................................................................... 8-3
8.4 Components of the EMP .................................................................................. 8-3
8.5 Legislation and Guidelines ............................................................................... 8-3
8.6 Organizational Structure and Responsibilities .............................................. 8-4
8.7 Project Proponent ............................................................................................. 8-4
8.8 Contractors ........................................................................................................ 8-5
8.9 Regulators .......................................................................................................... 8-5
8.10 Independent Monitoring Consultant (IMC) ................................................... 8-5
8.11 Implementation Stages of EMP ....................................................................... 8-5
8.11.1 Planning and Design Stage .................................................................................. 8-5
8.11.2 Operational Stage ................................................................................................ 8-6
8.11.3 Minimum Distances ............................................................................................ 8-6
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8.12 HSE Management System ................................................................................ 8-7

8.13 Emergency Preparedness ................................................................................. 8-7
8.14 Communication and Documentation .............................................................. 8-7
8.15 Environmental Training Programme ............................................................. 8-7
8.16 Restoration......................................................................................................... 8-8
8.17 Change Management Plan ............................................................................... 8-8
8.18 Changes to The EMP ........................................................................................ 8-8
8.19 Changes to The Operation ............................................................................... 8-9
8.20 Waste Management Plan ................................................................................ 8-10
8.21 Environmental Monitoring Plan ................................................................... 8-10
8.22 Impacts Mitigation Plan ................................................................................. 8-11
9 Conclusion ............................................................................................... 9-1
10 References ............................................................................................. 10-1
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Annexures
Annexure-A: Project Team for EIA
Annexure-B: Sindh Environmental Protection Act (SEPA) 2014
Annexure-C: Environmental Monitoring Results
Annexure-D: Sindh Environmental Quality Standards (SEQS) 2016
Annexure
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Blocks, Sindh
List of Figures
Figure 1.1: 3D seismic activity area project location Map ............................................... 1-6
Figure 3 1: Project Location Map....................................................................................... 3-3
Figure 3 2: Shot Hole Drilling Operation .......................................................................... 3-8
Figure 3 3: A pictorial view of Geophones and Lying of Cables ..................................... 3-9
Figure 3 4: Mobile Recording Unit ................................................................................. ..3-10
Figure 3 5: Viroseis Truck ............................................................................................... ..3-11
Figure 5 1: Project Location Map....................................................................................... 5-2
Figure 5 2: Soil Structure Map ........................................................................................... 5-5
Figure 5 3: Pakistan Seismic Zones and Zoning Map ...................................................... 5-6
Figure 5 4: Irrigation Network ........................................................................................... 5-7
Figure 5 5: Temperature Profiles of Project Area ............................................................ 5-9
Figure 5 6: Rainfall Profile of Project Area..................................................................... 5-11
Figure 5 7: Humidity Profile of Project Area .................................................................. 5-12
Figure 5 8: Wind Speed Profiles of Project Area ............................................................ 5-13
Figure 5 9: Environmental Monitoring at Project Area................................................. 5-29
Figure 5 10: Deh Akro Wildlife Sanctuary (DAWS-II) Gazette ...................................... 5-35
Figure 5 11: Deh Akro Wildlife Sanctuary (DAWS-II) Boundary .................................. 5-36
Figure 5 12: Nara Game Reserve Gazette.......................................................................... 5-37
Figure 5 13: Nara Game Reserve Boundary...................................................................... 5-38
Figure 5 14: Floral Species along Project corridor ........................................................... 5-44
Figure 5 15: Observed Birds & Animals of Project Area................................................. 5-48
Figure 5 16: Wildlife Specialist Survey in the Project Area............................................. 5-49
Tables
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Acronyms
ANSI American National Standards Institute
APHA American Public Health Association
BHU Basic Health Unit
BOD Biological Oxygen Demand
CBD Convention on Biological Diversity
COD Chemical Oxygen Demand
CMS Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMP Environmental Management Plan
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
EPD Environment Protection Department
ERP Emergency Response Plan
HSE Health, Safety and Environment
hr Hour
HSSE Health Safety Security and Environmental Management
IUCN International Union of Conservation for Nature
kg Kilogram
Km2 Square Kilometre
m Meter
mg/kg Milligram per Kilogram
mg/l Milligram per Litre
mg/m3 Milligram per Cubic Meter
MW Mega Watt
NEP National Environmental Policy
NEQS National Environmental Quality Standards
Acronyms
xii
Blocks, Sindh
NFPA National Fire Protection Association

NCS National Conservation Strategy
NGO’s Non-Governmental Organizations
OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration of the United States
PM Particulate Matter
PPE’s Personal Protective Equipment
ppm Parts per Million
sq km Square Kilometer
SEPA Sindh Environmental Protection Agency
SEQS Sindh Environmental Quality Standards
TDS Total Dissolved Solids
TSS Total Suspended Solids
WHO World Health Organization
Acronyms
xiii
CHAPTER – 01
INTRODUCTION
3D Seismic Survey in 600 sq. km area of Khewari (2568-3) &
Bitrisim (2568-4) Blocks, Sindh
1 Introduction
This report presents the findings of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the 3D
seismic activities in 600 sq. km area of Khewari (2568-3) & Bitrisim (2568-4) blocks in
Sindh province. The project proponent, Oil & Gas Development Company limited
(hereinafter referred as OGDCL) has appointed SGS Pakistan (Pvt.) Ltd. to undertake this
EIA.
The proposed project boundary will cover some part of protected area Deh Akro Wildlife
Sanctuary (DAWS-II) and also some part of Nara Game Reserve and details are mentioned
in the Environmental baseline.
1.1 Project Title and Project Proponents
1.1.1 Project Title
The proposed project to which this Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) relates is
entitled as “3D Seismic Survey in 600 sq. km area of Khewari (2568-3) & Bitrisim (2568-4)
Blocks in Sindh”.
The proposed 3D seismic activities are planned in 600 sq. km falls in two blocks Khewari &
Bitrisim situated in three districts Shaheed Benazirabad, Sanghar & Khairpur, in Sindh
province.
A key map showing the location of the project area is shown in Figure 1.1.
1.1.2 Project Proponent
OGDCL being the leading national E&P Company maintains a balanced portfolio of
exploratory assets in the established and unexplored areas. In line with its exploration led
growth strategy, OGDCL has acquired in-house state-of-the-art technology along with
qualified team of professionals to exploit potential exploration targets with minimized risks.
Exploration Department is well versed with adopting advanced exploration technology, with
seismic as the main sub-surface imaging technique for exploration of hydrocarbons.
Introduction
1-1
OGDCL has five seismic acquisition crews, equipped with latest acquisition technology,
capable of acquiring 2D/3D data in diversified terrains.
Exploration Department also has its own seismic data processing center with state-of-the-art
supercomputing cluster capable of handling advanced image processing.
Exploration’s Prospect Generation Department has a highly skilled and experienced team of
explorationists, involved in seismic interpretation in various basins of Pakistan. The
department is equipped with leading interpretation software and 3D graphics visualization
technology. Keeping in view the importance of Quantitative Interpretation in exploration
and exploitation of reservoirs, Exploration Departments has a dedicated team involved in
seismic attributes, inversions and rock physics analysis.
OGDCL being a low cost operator is also focused on establishing foot prints abroad by
undertaking farm-in/farm-out opportunities as wells as acquisition of concessions in
domestic and international market. In this respect, the Company is making all out efforts to
seek suitable opportunities that will augment the business strengths and deemed financially
viable.
OGDCL is determined to carry on its extensive exploration program including fast track
seismic data acquisition, processing and interpretation followed by active drilling campaigns
to replenish and augment hydrocarbon reserves, ramp up oil and gas production and
contribute in the economic development of the country
1.2 EIA Consultants
The EIA study was carried out by team of SGS Pakistan comprising of Environmental
Specialist, Environmental Engineers, Petroleum Engineer, Sociologist, Environmental
Chemist and sector experts with diversified experience on local and international
assignments. The detail of the project team deputed on this assignment is attached as
Annexure-A.
Introduction
1-2
1.3 Purpose of the Report
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of the project has been carried out in compliance
with the mandatory requirement of Section 17 of Sindh Environmental Protection Act,
2014 which requires that:
“No proponent of a project shall commence construction or operation unless he has filed
with the Agency an initial environmental examination or environmental impact assessment,
and has obtained from the Agency approval in respect thereof.”
Sindh Environmental Protection Agency (Review of IEE and EIA) Regulations, 2014 have
been notified under section 37 of SEPA 2014 and according to this any project situated in
environmentally sensitive areas requires an Environmental Impacts Assessment.
In compliance with the above cited regulations, an EIA study has been prepared and its
report is being filed with the Sindh Environmental Protection Agency for the approval.
The EIA has been prepared to conform to the requirements of the Sindh Environmental
Protection Act 2014 (SEPA), the Sindh Environmental Protection Agency (Review of IEE
ad EIA) Regulations, 2014 and the guidelines provided in the Pakistan Environmental
Assessment Procedures, 1997.
1.4 Categorization of the Project
Sindh Environmental Protection Agency (Review of IEE and EIA) Regulations, 2014
classifies projects on the basis of expected degree of adverse environmental impacts and list
them in two different schedules.
Schedule II lists projects of potentially

Schedule I lists projects that may not have significant environmental impacts requiring
significant environmental impacts and preparation of an EIA. Schedule II also lists
therefore requires an IEE. all projects situated in environmentally
sensitive areas requiring preparation of an
EIA.
Introduction
1-3
Oil & Gas Projects Category (C) in Oil & Gas Projects Category (B) in
Schedule-I Schedule-II
1. Oil and Gas 2D/3D Seismic survey and 1. Petroleum Refineries
drilling activities 2. LPG and LNG projects (including
2. Oil and gas extraction projects LNG terminals, re-gasification units)
including exploration and production 3. Oil and Gas transmission systems
located outside the environmental 4. Oil and gas gathering system,
sensitive separation and storage.
3. Construction of LPG storage facilities 5. Construction of LPG storage facilities
J. Environmental Sensitive Areas
All projects situated in environmental
sensitive areas
The proposed project activities have been planned in the vicinity of environmentally
sensitive areas (Wildlife Sanctuary & Game Reserve).The project area encompass some part
of protected areas which includes Deh Akro Wildlife Sanctuary (DAWS-II) and Nara Game
Reserve. Since the proposed seismic activities will be carried out in the vicinity of
environmental sensitive areas, therefore on the basis of the categorization given in Schedules
I and II of the Sindh Environmental Protection Agency (Review of IEE and EIA)
Regulations, 2014, the proposed project falls in Schedule II requiring an EIA as the project
is categorized as:
J. Environmentally Sensitive Areas:
✓ All projects situated in environmentally sensitive areas
1.5 EIA Process
1.5.1 Overview of EIA
EIA is a systematic process to identify, predict and evaluate the environmental impacts of
proposed actions and projects. The process is applied prior to major decisions and
commitments being made. Wherever appropriate, social, cultural and health effects are
considered as an integral part of EIA. Particular attention is given to practical
Introduction
1-4
implementation of EIA to prevent and mitigate significant adverse effects of proposed

undertakings.
1.5.2 Objective of EIA
The overall objective of the EIA is as follows:
▪ Description of the proposed project, including the potential negative & positive impact
on the environment, an estimate of emissions, effluent and waste and consideration of
the project alternatives;
▪ Identify and investigate all impacts of the proposed project on the physical, biological,
and socio-economic environment;
▪ Evaluation of the baseline environmental conditions in the impact zone to provide a
basis for assessing the incremental impacts of the proposed project, including existing
pollution levels and nuisance conditions;
▪ Identification and assessment of the potential impacts on the environment during each
of the project phases;
▪ To propose mitigation measures that would help the Project Proponent in conducting
the operation in an environmental sustainable manner; and
▪ To develop an Environmental Management Plan that would assist the Project
Proponent in the effective implementation of the recommendations of the EIA.
1.5.3 Scope of EIA
This EIA covers the anticipated impacts of 3D Seismic Activities in 600 sq. km area in
Khewari and Bitrisim blocks. The scope of the EIA includes:
▪ Seismic activities at the proposed project site;

▪ Relevant off-site construction activities;
▪ Demobilization activities.
1.5.4 Spatial Scope
Impacts are assessed within the area of influence of the proposed project defined as:
▪ Immediate Area of Influence: at immediate footprint of proposed project location.

▪ Direct Area of Influence: within the proposed project area and its immediate
surrounding environment.
Introduction
1-5
3D Seismic Survey in 600 sq. km area of Khewari (2568-3) & Bitrisim (2568-4) Blocks, Sindh
Figure 1.1: 3D seismic activity area project location map
Legends
Proposed Project Area

Khewari Block
Bitrisim Block

600 sq. km
Introduction
1-6
1.6 EIA Methodology
The EIA project passes through series of stages prior to report preparation. The EIA process
and the approach followed for the proposed project is defined below:
1.6.1 Scoping
Scoping is an early stage of the process and is designed to ensure that the environmental
studies provide all the relevant information on:
▪ The impacts of the project, in particular focusing on the most important impacts;
▪ The alternatives to the project;
▪ Other environmental sensitivities to be addressed at early stage.
The EIA process started with the scoping. The purpose of scoping was to identify:
▪ The important issues to be considered in an EIA;

▪ The appropriate time and space boundaries of the EIA study;
▪ The information necessary for decision-making;
▪ The significant effects and factors to be studied in detail.
The scoping was followed by data collection described in subsequent section.
1.6.2 Data Collection
Following literature review and data collection was carried out for EIA:
▪ A generic description of the proposed project and its related activities was collected
from the OGDCL.
▪ Legislative review of the applicable laws, regulations, guidelines and standards from
various organisations and literature search.
▪ Baseline of the area’s environmental and socio-economic settings was collected
through literature search and field surveys.
1.6.3 Baseline
The environmental impact is measured through a change in the environment, resulting from
a designated action or activity. In order to identify such a change, it is essential to have as
complete as practicable understanding of the nature of the existing environment, prior to its
interaction with the proposed activity. This translates into the need to characterize the
Introduction
1-7
existing baseline environmental conditions, including establishing prevailing conditions for

a range of environmental media, particularly air, water, soil and groundwater, flora and
fauna and the human environment.
This was achieved through a detailed review of all secondary resources (i.e. existing
documentation and literature); and the undertaking of project specific baseline studies and
surveys to collect supplementary data in the following areas:
▪ Geology;
▪ Flora and fauna;
▪ Water quality characteristics;
▪ Soil quality;
▪ Traffic;
▪ Ambient air quality;
▪ Noise conditions;
▪ Socio-economic conditions;
▪ Archaeology.
Both the existing secondary sources and literature studies were conducted and integrated
into one coherent description of baseline characteristics.
1.6.4 Stakeholder Consultation
Communities within the project area were consulted during the fieldwork to record their
concerns and suggestions.
1.6.5 Evaluation of Alternatives
To establish an environmentally sound preferred option for achieving the objectives of the
proposed project, different alternatives including site selection, raw material and technology
alternatives were studied in collaboration with the project proponent. Technology selection
was made taking into consideration environmentally, economically and socially suitable as
well as technically feasible options.
Introduction
1-8
1.6.6 Impact Assessment and Mitigation
The information collected in the previous phases was used to assess the potential
environmental impacts of the proposed project activities. The impact assessment approach is
provided in Table 1.1. Detailed methodology is included in Chapter 7 of the report.
Mitigation measures were evaluated to reduce the impacts of project activities on
environment. The issues studied during impact assessment include potential impacts on:
▪ Physical environment of the area

▪ Biological environment of the area
▪ Socio-economic environment of the area.
Table 1-1: Impact Assessment Approach
Impact Characteristics Categories

Direct: The environmental parameter is directly changed by the
project.
Nature of the Impact
Indirect: The environmental parameter changes as a result of change
in another parameter.
Short term: Lasting only till the duration of the project such as noise
from the construction activities.
Medium term: Lasting for a period of few months to a year after the
Duration of the impact
project before naturally reverting to the original condition.
Long term: Lasting for a period much greater than medium term
impacts before naturally reverting to the original condition.
Local: Within the area of project i.e. operation site and access road.
Geographical Location Regional: Within the boundaries of the project area.
of the impact National: Within the boundaries of the country.
Global: Trans-boundary impacts
Construction
Timing
Operation
High: High likelihood of occurrence during lifetime of operation,
Regular/continuous part of operations.
Likelihood of the
Moderate: Moderate possibility of occurrence during lifetime of
impact
operation, Periodic/occasional part of operations.
Low: Unlikely to occur during lifetime of operation.
Reversible: When a receptor resumes its pre-project condition.
Reversibility of the
Irreversible: When a receptor does not or cannot resume its pre-
impact
project condition.
Introduction
1-9
Impact Characteristics Categories

Major, Moderate, Minor, Negligible and Beneficial
Significance of the Based on the consequence, likelihood, reversibility, geographical
impact extent, duration, level of public concern and conformance with
legislative or statutory requirements.
High:
❑ Serious/catastrophic damage to environment
❑ Direct legislative requirement
❑ Corporate requirement
❑ Serious threat to corporate reputation/profitability/ability to do
business.
Consequence severity Medium:
of impact ❑ Measurable damage to the environment
❑ Subject to potential future legislation
❑ Potential to affect reputation/cost
❑ Implication/reduced efficiency
Low:
❑ Negligible damage to the environment
❑ No risk to business
1.7 Organization of the Report
This report has been structured in the following manner:
Chapter 2 (Legal Framework) gives an overview of policy and legislation along with
international guidelines relevant to EIA.
Chapter 3 (Project Description) provides the description of the proposed project, its layout
plan and associated activities, raw material details and utility requirement.
Chapter 4 (Project Alternatives) provides the description of the site alternatives for the
proposed project.
Chapter 5 (Description of Baseline Environment) provides a description of the micro-

environment and macro-environment of the proposed project site. This chapter describes the
physical, ecological and socioeconomic resources land of project area and surroundings.
Chapter 6 (Stakeholder Consultation) presents the process and finding of stakeholder

consultation being carried out for the proposed project.
Introduction
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Chapter 7 (Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures) describes the potential

environmental and social impacts of proposed project on the different features of the micro
and macro-environment using the matrix method.
Chapter 8 (Environmental Management Plan) explains the mitigation measures proposed

for the project in order to minimize the impacts to acceptable limits. It also describes
implementation of mitigation measures on ground and monitoring of environmental
parameters against likely environmental impacts.
Chapter 9 (Conclusion) summarizes the report and presents its conclusions.
The last Chapter is followed by the references and series of Annexes that provides
supporting information.
1.8 Proponent Contact Details
Address: OGDCL House, Plot No.3, Jinnah Avenue, Blue Area, Islamabad,
Pakistan.
Phone: +92 51 920023623
Fax: +92 51 2623113-116
1.9 Consultant Contact Details
Address: H-3/3, Sector 5 Korangi Industrial Area Karachi, 74900 Pakistan
Phone: +92-21-35121388-95
Fax: +92 21 3512 1386
Email: Karachi.environment@sgs.com
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CHAPTER – 02
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
2 Legal Framework
This chapter provides an overview of the environmental policies, legislation, and guidelines
that may have relevance to the proposed project. These include national environmental
policy, legislation and guidelines, and international conventions and guidelines. OGDCL
will be required to adhere to the relevant requirements of the policies and legislation during
the proposed project activities; which has also been incorporated in the mitigation measures
and the EMP provided in the EIA.
2.1 Constitutional Provision
According to the Constitution of Pakistan, the legislative powers lie with the federal
parliament and the legislative assemblies of the four provinces of Pakistan. The Fourth
Schedule of the constitution provides two lists of issues. One list, the Federal Legislative
List, includes issues on which only the federal government has legislative powers. The
second list, the Concurrent Legislative List includes issues on which both the federal and the
provincial governments have legislative powers. If a legislation passed by a provincial
assembly comes into conflict with a law enacted by the national assembly, then according to
the constitution, the federal legislation will prevail over the provincial legislation to the
extent of the inconsistency. The subject of ‘environmental pollution and ecology’ is
included in the concurrent list of the constitution. Thus, allowing both the federal and
provincial governments to enact laws on the subject.
2.2 Framework of Environment and Wildlife Institution in Pakistan
The Federal Ministry of Environment was the main government organization responsible for
the protection of environment and resource conservation. It was headed by a federal
minister.
The Ministry worked with PEPC, and the Federal and Provincial EPAs formed under the
PEPA 1997. The roles, responsibilities and authorities of PEPC and the EPA’s have been
defined in the PEPA 1997. However, after 18th constitutional amendment, the said ministry
Introduction
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has been devolved into provinces and Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency is working
under the umbrella of Climate Change Division.
Now, Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency is an attached department of the Climate

Change Division and responsible to implement the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act
1997, in the country, an Act to provide for the protection, conservation, rehabilitation and
improvement of environment, for the prevention and control of pollution, and promotion of
sustainable development. Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency also provides all kind
of technical assistance to the Climate Change Division.
The National Council for Conservation of Wildlife (NCCW) is responsible for formulation
of national wildlife policies, co-ordination with provincial wildlife department on the
implementation of these policies and co-ordination with international organisations on
matters related to international treaties/conventions. The NCCW works under the Ministry
of Climate Change and is headed by the Inspector General Forests. NCCW comprises of an
advisory council, which is chaired by the Minister of Climate Change and includes
representatives from all Provinces, AJK and Northern Areas, NGOs, members of civil
society and other federal ministries. A small NCCW secretariat is based in Islamabad
handles the day-to-day affairs and the implementation of policies and recommendations of
the advisory council. At provincial level almost each province has a wildlife department and
a wildlife protection act.
2.3 National Environmental Policies
2.3.1 National Environmental Policy, 2005
The National Environmental Policy (NEP) was approved by the Pakistan Environmental
Protection Council (PEPC) in its 10th meeting on 27th December, 2004 under the
chairmanship of the Prime Minister of Pakistan and thereafter approved by the Cabinet on
29th June 2005.
NEP is the primary policy of Government of Pakistan that addresses the environmental
issues of the country. The broad Goal of NEP is, “To protect, conserve and restore
Pakistan’s environment in order to improve the quality of life of the citizens through
Introduction
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sustainable development”. The NEP identifies the following set of sectoral and cross-
sectoral guidelines to achieve its Goal of sustainable development.
Sectoral Guidelines
Water and sanitation, Air quality and noise, Waste management, Forestry, Biodiversity and
Protected areas, Climate change and Ozone depletion, Energy efficiency and renewable,
agriculture and livestock, and Multilateral environmental agreements.
Cross Sectoral Guidelines
The NEP suggests the following policy instruments to overcome the environmental
problems throughout the country:
▪ Integration of environment into development planning,
▪ Legislation and regulatory framework,
▪ Capacity development,
▪ Economic and market-based instrument,
▪ Public awareness and education, and
▪ Public private civil society partnership.
2.3.2 National Conservation Strategy
Before the approval of National Environmental Policy (NEP) the National Conservation
Strategy (NCS) was considered as the Government’s primary policy document on national
environmental issues. The Strategy approved by the Federal Cabinet in March 1992 and was
also recognized by International Financial Institutions, principally the World Bank at the
moment this strategy just exists as a national conservation program. The NCS identifies 14
core areas including conservation of biodiversity; pollution prevention and abatement; soil
and water conservation; and preservation of cultural heritage, and recommends immediate
attention to these core areas in order to preserve the country’s environment.
NCS does not directly apply to projects. However, OGDCL should ensure that the project
should not add to the aggravation of the 14 core environmental issues identified in the NCS
Introduction
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and mitigation measures should be adopted to minimise or avoid any contribution of the
project in these areas.
2.3.3 National Environmental Action Plan-Support Programme (NEAP-SP)
The Government of Pakistan and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) have
jointly initiated an umbrella support programme called the “National Environmental Action
Plan-Support Programme (NEAP-SP)” signed in October 2001 and implemented in 2002.
The development objective supported by NEAP-SP is environmental sustainability and
poverty reduction in the context of economic growth.
2.3.4 Policy & Procedures for The Filing, Review and Approval of Environmental
Assessments
The Policy & Procedures for the Filing, Review and Approval of Environmental
Assessments, prepared by the PEPA under the powers conferred upon it by the Pakistan
Environmental Protection Act, provide the necessary details on the preparation, submission,
and review of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) and the Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA). It provides schedules of proposals that require either an Initial
Environmental Examination (IEE) or an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).
2.3.5 Petroleum Exploration & Production Policy 2012
Government of Pakistan introduced the first petroleum Policy document in 1991. This was
then followed by new Petroleum Policies of 1993, 1994, 1997, 2001, 2007 and 2009.
Policy 2009 had to be amended by new Petroleum Policy 2012 as the new market conditions
warranted urgent changes required for investment promotion in view of increasing
international energy prices. It also reflects the resolve of Government of Pakistan to
accelerate exploitation of indigenous natural resources by attracting foreign investment with
technology as well as promoting local companies to participate in E&P activities on a level
playing field.
The purpose of Petroleum Exploration and Production Policy 2012 is to establish the
policies, procedures, tax and pricing regime in respect of petroleum exploration and
production (E&P) sector.
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The Petroleum Exploration & Production Policy 2012 maintains a system based upon the
two different types of agreements to obtain E&P rights in Pakistan:
▪ For onshore operations, a system based upon a Petroleum Concession Agreement

(PCA).
▪ For offshore operations, a system based upon a Production Sharing Agreement (PSA).
This Policy has incorporated the significant achievements of the Pakistani petroleum
industry with established good international oilfield practices.
2.4 Provincial Environmental Legislation
The legislative assembly of Sindh province of Pakistan passed the bill on 24th February
2014 to enact Sindh Environmental Protection Act 2014. The Act envisages protection,
improvement, conservation and rehabilitation of environment of Sindh with the help of legal
action against polluters and green awakening of communities.
The definition of environmental law can be derived from the legal definition of
‘environment’. In Section 2(xii) of the Sindh Environmental Protection Act 2014 (SEPA)
environment is defined to include air, water, land and layers of the atmosphere; living
organisms and inorganic matter; the ecosystem and ecological relationships; buildings,
structures, roads, facilities and works; social and economic conditions affecting community
life; and the interrelationship between these elements. From this definition, an
environmental law can be considered to include all laws that are designed to, or that directly
or indirectly affect, the management of natural resources including the control of pollution
of these natural resources.
By this definition, environmental laws include a) laws that have been specifically enacted to
protect the environment such as the SEPA 2014, and b) laws relating to subject such as
forest, water resources, wildlife, land, agriculture, health, and town planning.
2.4.1 Sindh Environmental Protection Act 2014
The Sindh Environmental Protection Act, 2014 (SEPA) is the basic legislative tool
empowering the provincial government to frame regulations for the protection, conservation,
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rehabilitation and improvement of the environment. The SEPA is broadly applicable to air,
water, soil, hazardous waste, marine and noise pollution. Penalties have been prescribed for
those contravening the provisions of the Act. The powers of the provincial Environmental
Protection Agencies (EPAs) were also considerably enhanced under this legislation and they
have been given the power to conduct inquiries into possible breaches of environmental law
either of their own accord, or upon the registration of a complaint. Sindh Environmental
Protection Act, 2014 (SEPA) attached as Annexure I.
It equally lays emphasis for the preservation of the natural resources of Sindh and to adopt
ways and means for restoring the balance in its eco-system by avoiding all types of
environmental hazards.
Under section 17 of SEPA, ‘’no proponent of a project shall commence construction or

operation unless he has filed with the Agency an initial environmental examination or
environmental impact assessment and has obtained from Agency approval in respect
thereof. ‘’
SEPA shall review the IEE & EIA and accord approval subject to such terms and conditions
as it may prescribe or require. The agency shall communicate within four (04) months its
approval or otherwise from the date EIA is filed failing which the EIA shall deemed to have
been approved.
2.4.2 Sindh Environmental Protection Agency Review of IEE and EIA Regulations,
2014
Sindh Environmental Protection Agency Review of Initial Environmental Examination and

Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 2014 (IEE-EIA Regulations, 2014) provide
the necessary details on the preparation, submission, and review of the IEE and the EIA
reports as required by the section 17 of Sindh Environmental Protection Act 2014. These
regulations categorize the projects which require an IEE or an EIA on the basis of
anticipated degree of environmental impacts. (See Annexure II)
Categorization: Based on the environmental impacts, Regulations 3 and 4 classify the

projects requiring an IEE (projects falling in schedule-I) and EIA (projects falling in
schedule-II).
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Filing: Regulation 9 requires submission of ten hardcopies and two electronic copies
accompanied by an application form (schedule-V), copy of receipt of payment of review fee,
NOC from relevant departments (where applicable) and environmental checklist (if project
falls in schedule III).
Preliminary scrutiny: Regulation 10 states that within 15 days of report submission the
agency shall review the report and inform the proponent for submission of any additional
information.
Review: The agency shall review the IEE report within 60 days after issuing confirmation of
completeness as per Regulation 9. It shall also conduct an experts committee meeting or
solicit views from concerned advisory committee.
Validity: Regulation 18 defines the validity period of approval of an IEE or EIA to be three
years from date of construction and construction must start within three years of report
approval. A three year extension at a time may be granted upon the agency‘s discretion with
or without the submission of a fresh IEE or EIA.
Monitoring: Sub-regulation 20 requires the submission of a report to agency on completion

of construction of project and after issue of confirmation of compliance, the submission of
annual report summarizing operational performance of the project with reference to
conditions of approval and maintenance and mitigation measures adopted by the project.
The proposed project activities have been planned in the vicinity of environmentally
sensitive areas (Wildlife Sanctuary & Game Reserve).The project area encompass some part
of protected areas which includes Deh Akro Wildlife Sanctuary- (DAWS-II), Nara Game
Reserve and Makhi Reserve Forest. Since the proposed seismic activities will be carried out
in the vicinity of environmental sensitive areas, therefore on the basis of the categorization
given in Schedules I and II of the Sindh Environmental Protection Agency (Review of IEE
and EIA) Regulations, 2014, the proposed project falls in Schedule II requiring an EIA as
the project is categorized as:
J. Environmentally Sensitive Areas:
✓ All projects situated in environmentally sensitive areas
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2.4.3 Sindh Environmental Quality Standards
One of the functions of Pak EPA under the provision of Pakistan Environmental Protection
Ordinance PEPO 1983 was to issue National Environmental Quality Standards for
municipal and industrial discharge as liquid effluent and gaseous emissions and motor
vehicular exhaust and noise. Pak EPA issued a Statutory Regulatory Order (S.R.O) in 1994.
It required all units coming into production after July 1, 1994 to apply immediately with
new standards. Those already in operation at the time of S.R.O were required to comply
from July 1, 1996. The Pak EPA was not able to implement the NEQS effectively for many
reasons, including lack of implementation capacity and resistance from industry.
With the PEPA, 1997 the Pak EPA revised the NEQS with full consultations of the private
sector, industrialist, trade and business associations and NGOs. The municipal and liquid
industrial effluent standards cover 32 parameters. The standards for industrial gaseous
emissions specify limits for 16 parameters and the standards for motor vehicles prescribe
maximum permissible limits for smoke, carbon monoxide and noise. Revised standards
cover discharge limits for effluents into inland waters, sewage treatment plant and the sea.
The NEQS are primarily concentration based. Unfortunately, the limits on industrial
effluents are neither industry specific nor do they have any relationship with the quantum of
production. The NEQS prohibit dilution, but this can be easily circumvented.
On the other hand, following the promulgation Sindh Act 2014, Sindh EPA has notified its
Environmental Quality Standards known as ―Sindh Environmental Quality Standards
2014‖
OGDCL is committed to comply with the applicable SEQS with letter and spirit.
One of the functions of the Sindh EPA under the provision of Sindh Environmental
Protection Act, 2014 was to issue SEQS for various pollutants. The SEQS are uniform
standards applicable to various situations. At the time of this study, SEPA has published the
SEQS for municipal and liquid industrial effluents, ambient air quality, industrial gaseous,
noise and automotive emissions standards. Sindh EPA issued several of these environmental
standards in the year 2016. These are attached as Annexure III with this report. For liquid
effluent, there are 32 parameters showing permissible levels of pollutants before its
Introduction
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discharge into sea, inland water & septic tanks. For gaseous emissions, there are 16
parameters. The Sindh Environmental Quality Standards for Ambient Air, Drinking water
Quality and Noise (EPA/TECH/739/2014) are also in force and their compliance is
mandatory. SEQS for Soil Quality, Groundwater Quality etc. have not been proposed so far.
2.4.4 Self-Monitoring and Reporting by Industry Rules, 2014
These rules classify the industrial units for monitoring and reporting their liquid effluent and
gaseous emissions into three and two categories, respectively. According to each category
they define the priority parameters to be monitored and reported to SEPA according to a
specific frequency based on working conditions. This monitoring and reporting are in
addition to the monitoring conditions as required by the conditions of approval of EIA. The
sampling for testing must be carried out according to Environmental Samples Rules, 2014
and be sent to SEPA certified environmental testing laboratories only.
2.5 The Forest Act 1927
This act is applicable to all regions of Pakistan. It includes procedures for constituting and
managing various types of forests, such as reserved forests and protected forests. The act
empowers the provincial forest departments to declare any forest area as reserved or
protected.
The act empowers the provincial forest departments to prohibit the clearing of forests for
cultivation, grazing, hunting, removing forest produce; quarrying and felling, lopping and
topping of trees, branches in reserved and protected forests. It also defines the duties of
forest related public servants, and penalties for any infringement of the rules.
Project area does not contain any reserved forest, although forest department has been
informed about development activities and all activities will be implemented such that
impacts shall be minimized, conservation practices shall be adopted and appropriate
mitigation measures, to mitigate the impacts, have been suggested in the EIA report.
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2.6 Sindh Wildlife Protection Ordinance, 1972 (SWPO) and Amendments

2001
This ordinance provides for the preservation, protection, and conservation of wildlife by the
formation and management of protected areas and prohibition of hunting of wildlife species
declared protected under the ordinance.
The ordinance also specifies three broad classifications of the protected areas: national
parks, wildlife sanctuaries and game reserves. Activities such as hunting and breaking of
land for mining are prohibited in national parks, as are removing vegetation or polluting
water flowing through the park. Wildlife sanctuaries are areas that have been set-aside as
undisturbed breeding grounds and cultivation and grazing is prohibited in the demarcated
areas. Nobody is allowed to reside in a wildlife sanctuary and entrance for the general public
is by special dispensation. However, these restrictions may be relaxed for scientific purposes
or for betterment of the respective area on the discretion of the governing authority in
exceptional circumstances. Game reserves are designated as areas where hunting or shooting
is not allowed except under special permits.
Two amendments to the Ordinance were issued in January and June 2001 respectively
pertaining to oil and gas activities within national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. The first
amendment allowed the Government to authorize the laying of an underground pipeline
through protected areas. The second amendment allowed exploration and production
activities within national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. Deh Akro Wildlife Sanctuary
(DAWS) and Nara Game Reserve lies within the proposed project for which an EIA study
has to be prepared by the proponent and approved by the concerned regulatory departments
in accordance with the SEPA 2014.
2.7 Sindh Fisheries Ordinance, 1980
This Ordinance regulates fishing operations, and applies to inland fisheries in public waters
as well as to territorial waters. Fishing is defined broadly in section 2(d) as the “taking or
catching of fish by any means” while public waters are defined in section 2(r) to include
“any waters other than the private waters and includes territorial waters”. The law applies to
“all kinds of fish” including “molluses, crustaces and kelp-fish”.
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The provincial government has the power to issue leases or fishing licences in any public
waters (section 3(1)). Leaseholders may in turn issue permits for fishing in leased waters
(section 3(2)).
The government regulates various aspects of commercial fishing including the size of mesh
that may be employed, the type of fishing equipment that may be used, and processing and
marketing operations (sections 9, 10, 11 and 27). The Ordinance allows the government to
declare “any public waters” to be a sanctuary and to prohibit the killing, capturing or taking
of fish from such waters for a specified period without a “special” permit.
Certain provision of the Ordinance nevertheless serves to protect fish species in general,
along with aquatic environments. Under section 7, for example, the use of explosives,
poisons and “noxious” materials for the purpose of “catching or destroying fish and other
aquatic life” is prohibited in “any waters”. Similarly, section 8 prohibits the discharge of
untreated sewage, “effluence” and factory waste into “any waters”; all such waste must be
treated so that it is “harmless for fish and other aquatic life”. According to the ordinance any
discharge of waste into the water bodies shall not only be prohibited but the offender shall
also be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months or a fine
which may extend to ten thousand rupees or with both.
The government may appoint fisheries inspectors (section 13) who are empowered to arrest
suspected offenders, seize equipment and fish involved in a suspected offence (section 16),
“compound” offences” (section 26), and call for police assistance (section 18).
The ordinance is relevance to the EIA due to the presence of fish fauna in several water
bodies located within the project area including Nara canal and associated water bodies
(Dhand). In this connection, all project activities near and/or within water bodies will have
to be implemented such that no physical damage to the habitat or permanent alteration in
water quality occurs.
2.8 Petroleum Act 1934
This act regulates the import, transport, storage, production, refining and blending of
petroleum and other flammable substances. The federal government issues licenses and may
Introduction
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make rules to regulate the import, transport and distribution of petroleum (Section 4). The
law requires that all containers carrying “dangerous petroleum” (highly flammable) bear a
warning (Section6). The act also contains provisions regarding the testing and quality
control of petroleum products (Section 14ff.). All powers remain with the federal
government.
2.9 The Mines Act 1923
This act, which is largely administrative in nature, regulates mining operations and mine
management, and contains provisions regarding the health, safety and working conditions of
mine labour. The power to make rules lies with the “appropriate government” (Section 29),
defined as the federal government in the case of mines extracting radioactive material, oil,
gas and flammable substances, and the provincial government for all other mines.
2.10 Regulation of Mines and Oil Fields and Mineral Development

(Government Control) Act, 1948
This act regulates the development of mines, oilfields and mineral deposits. The federal
government makes rules related to the development of mines and nuclear substances,
oilfields and gas fields, while provincial governments make rules related to other minerals
and their extraction. This Act provides for enforcement of rules related to the storage and
distribution of "mineral oils", the establishment of prices at which mineral oils may be
bought or sold and any matter ancillary and incidental to the objectives set out in the act.
2.11 Exploration and Production Rules, 1986
The 1986 Exploration and Production Rules address environmental concerns, and require
operators to “prevent pollution, avoid accumulation of trash and prevent damage to the
environment and surroundings.”
2.12 Antiquities Act 1975 and The Sindh Cultural Heritage (Preservation) Act,
1994
The protection of cultural resources in Pakistan is ensured by the Antiquities Act of 1975.
Antiquities have been defined in the Act as ancient products of human activity, historical
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sites, or sites of anthropological or cultural interest, national monuments etc. The act is
designed to protect antiquities from destruction, theft, negligence, unlawful excavation,
trade and export.
The law prohibits new construction in the proximity of a protected antiquity and empowers
the Government of Pakistan to prohibit excavation in any area, which may contain articles
of archaeological significance.
The Sindh Cultural Heritage (Preservation) Act, 1994 is the provincial law for the protection
of cultural heritage. Its objectives are similar to those of the Antiquity Act, 1975.
The project area for the EIA contains no notified archaeological site as protected under this
act. Furthermore, the project site is unlikely to contain any buried antiquity. However, the
project staff will be instructed before ground preparation and earthworks to report any
archaeological artifact or what may appear to be an archaeological relic to the project
management. In case of such a discovery, appropriate action will be taken.
2.13 Land Acquisition Act, 1894
The Land Acquisition act (LAA) of 1894 amended from time to time has been the policy
governing land acquisition, resettlement and compensation in the country. The LAA is the
most commonly used law for acquisition of land and other properties for development
projects. It comprises of 55 sections pertaining to area notifications and surveys, acquisition,
compensation and appointment awards and disputes resolution, penalties and exemptions. In
the proposed project there is no such kind of land acquisition or resettlement of proposed
project affected persons.
2.14 Pakistan Penal Code (1860)
The Pakistan Penal Code (1860) authorizes fines, imprisonment or both for voluntary
corruption or fouling of public spring or reservoirs so as to make them less fit for ordinary
use.
The Pakistan Penal Code (PPC) 1860 deals specifically with the pollution of water in
Chapter XIV on public health and safety. Here, “fouling” or “corrupting” the water of a
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public spring or reservoir is listed as an offence, punishable with up to three months in

prison and/or a fine of 500 rupees (Section 277). This provision is limited in scope, since it
applies only to reservoirs and public springs, and the terms “fouling” and “corrupting” are
not defined. But provisions of PEPA 1997 (Sections 6 and 7) and the NEQS (Appendix I)
may be applied to facilitate enforcement of Section 277. Other sections of this chapter may
be interpreted to include the protection of water resources, including Section 268 on public
nuisance, Section 269 on negligence likely to spread infectious disease, and Section 284 on
negligent conduct with respect to the possession and handling of poisonous substances.
Similarly, Chapter XVII on offences against property contains certain provisions that may
be interpreted to include the protection of water resources. Sections 425–440 deal with
“mischief”, defined as damage to property resulting in destruction or loss of utility. Section
430 provides specifically for mischief caused to irrigation works, while Section 431 deals
with damage to roads, bridges, rivers or channels. Meanwhile, Chapter XXIII, Section 511
on attempted offences could also be interpreted to include offences related to the “fouling”
or “corrupting” of water.
Under Section 278 of the PPC, the punishment for “making [the] atmosphere noxious to
health” is a maximum fine of 500 rupees. In addition, certain sections of Chapter XIV on
public health and safety concerning “public nuisance” may be interpreted to include air and
noise pollution from vehicles, as well as emissions (Sections 268, 278, 290 and 291).
2.15 Explosive Substances Act 1908
This law regulates the possession and use of explosive substances, including materials for
the manufacture of explosives as well as machinery, tools and materials that can be used to
cause an explosion (Section 2). Causing an explosion is punishable with a maximum
sentence of life in prison, whether or not the event causes any injury to persons or damage to
property (Section 3).
The same maximum penalty applies to making or possessing explosives with intent to cause
an explosion (Section 4). Although the law does not specify conditions under which it is
legal to possess explosive materials, possession of such substances for a purpose that is not
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“lawful” is an offence (Section 5), implying that some form of regulatory mechanism is to
be put in place.
Powers under this act have been delegated to provincial governments, which may restrict or
allow the courts to proceed with the trial of suspected offenders (Section 7). The 1908 law
deals exclusively with causing explosions or intent to cause explosions.
2.16 Explosives Act 1884
This law deals with manufacture, possession, sale, use and transport of explosives. The
government may prohibit the manufacture, possession or import of any explosive substance,
except with a licence (Section 5), or ban outright the manufacture, import or possession of
any material deemed to be of “so dangerous character [sic]” that it is “expedient for the
public safety” to impose such restrictions (Section 6). Under this law, the maximum penalty
for illegally manufacturing, possessing or importing explosives is 5,000 rupees.
The government may declare any substance deemed particularly dangerous to life or
property, owing to its explosive properties, or any of the processes involved in its
manufacture to be an explosive within the meaning of this act (Section 17). Such materials
may include a wide range of chemical substances that are explosive in nature, although the
term “dangerous” itself has not been defined. No regulatory compliance measures are
introduced for the handling of hazardous materials.
2.17 National Environmental Guidelines
2.17.1 The Pakistan Environmental Assessment Procedures 1997
The Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency prepared the Pakistan Environmental

Assessment Procedures in 1997. They are based on much of the existing work done by
international donor agencies and Non Governmental Organisations (NGO’s). The package
of regulations prepared by PEPA includes:
▪ Policy and Procedures for Filing, Review and Approval of Environmental

Assessments;
▪ Guidelines for the Preparation and Review of Environmental Reports;
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▪ Guidelines for Public Consultation;
▪ Guidelines for Sensitive and Critical Areas; and
▪ Sectoral Guidelines for various types of projects.
2.17.2 Guidelines for Operational Safety, Health and Environmental Management,

December 1996
These guidelines are the outcome of a study commissioned by the Directorate General
Petroleum Blocks, Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources, Government of Pakistan.
The guidelines list down the relevant laws related to the operational health, safety and
environment and also recommends environmental controls and management practices to be
adopted in O&G exploration projects.
2.17.3 Guidelines for Public Consultation
These guidelines are a part of a package of regulations and guidelines. It provides assistance
throughout the environmental assessment of project by involving the public which can lead
to better and more acceptable decision-making.
2.17.4 Sectoral Guidelines for Environmental Reports Oil & Gas Exploration and
Production
The guideline will assist proponents to identify the key environmental issues that need to be
assessed as well as mitigation measure and alternatives that need to be considered in the
actual EIA.
This guideline deal with Oil & Gas projects which involved exploration or production of oil
and gas. The environmental issues discussed in this guideline are specific to exploration or
production activities of oil and gas and all such projects should address these issues. The
degree and relevance of the issues will vary from proposal to proposal. The matters
identified in this guideline should provide guidance for the preparation and assessment of
most exploration and production proposals.
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2.18 International Guidelines
2.18.1 World Bank Guidelines on Environment
The principal World Bank publications that contain environmental guidelines are listed
below:
▪ Environmental Assessment-Operational Policy 4.01. Washington, DC, USA. World

Bank 1999.
▪ Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume I: Policies, Procedures, and Cross-

Sectoral Issues. World Bank Technical Paper Number 139, Environment Department,
the World Bank, 1991,
The first two publications provide general guidelines for conducting EIAs, and address EIA
practitioners as well as project designers. While the Sourcebook in particular has been
designed with Bank projects in mind, and is especially relevant for the impact assessment of
large-scale infrastructure projects, it contains a wealth of useful information, for
environmentalists and project proponents.
The Sourcebook identifies a number of areas of concern, which should be addressed during
impact assessment. It sets out guidelines for the determination of impacts, provides a
checklist of tools to identify possible biodiversity issues and suggests possible mitigation
measures.
Possible development project impacts on different areas such as wild lands, wetlands and
forests are also identified and mitigation measures suggested.
2.18.2 IFC Performance Standards
International Finance Corporation (IFC), a member of the World Bank Group, is the largest
global development institution focused on the private sector in developing countries. IFC's
Sustainability Framework applies to all investments and advisory clients whose projects go
through IFC's credit review process.
IFC's Performance Standards define clients' roles and responsibilities for managing their
projects and the requirements for receiving and retaining IFC support. The standards include
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requirements to disclose information. The Performance Standards may also be applied by

other financial institutions electing to apply them to projects in emerging markets.
The eight Performance Standards establish standards that the client is to meet throughout the
life of an investment by IFC or other relevant financial Institution.
▪ Performance Standard-1: Social and Environmental Assessment and Management

System;
▪ Performance Standard-2: Labour and Working Conditions;
▪ Performance Standard-3: Pollution Prevention and Abatement;
▪ Performance Standard-4: Community Health, Safety and Security;
▪ Performance Standard-5: Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement;
▪ Performance Standard-6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Natural Resource

Management;
▪ Performance Standard-7: Indigenous People;
▪ Performance Standard-8: Cultural Heritage.
2.18.3 IFC Environmental, Health & Safety Guidelines
IFC has also developed Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines. These
guidelines are technical reference documents with general and industry specific examples of
Good International Industry Practice (GIIP).
The EHS Guidelines are required to adhere by IFC clients under Performance Standard 3 on
Pollution Prevention and Abatement.
2.19 International Conventions & Treaties
2.19.1 International Convention on Biodiversity
The International Convention on Biodiversity was adopted during the Earth Summit of 1992
at Rio de Janeiro. The Convention requires parties to develop national plans for the
conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, and to integrate these plans into national
development programmes and policies. Parties are also required to identify components of
Introduction
2-18
biodiversity that are important for conservation, and to develop systems to monitor the use
of such components with a view to promote their sustainable use.
2.19.2 The Convention on Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, 1979
The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), 1979,
requires countries to take action to avoid endangering migratory species. The term
"migratory species" refers to the species of wild animals, a significant proportion of whose
members cyclically and predictably cross one or more national jurisdictional boundaries.
The parties are also required to promote or co-operate with other countries in matters of
research on migratory species.
The Convention contains two appendices. Appendix I contain the list of migratory species
that are endangered according to the best scientific evidence available. For these species, the
member states to the Convention are required endeavour to:
▪ Conserve and restore their habitats;
▪ Prohibit their hunting, fishing, capturing, harassing and deliberate killing;
▪ Remove obstacles and minimize activities that seriously hinder their migration;
▪ Control other factors that might endanger them, including control of introduced exotic
species.
Appendix II lists the migratory species, or groups of species, that have an unfavourable
conservation status as well as those that would benefit significantly from the international
cooperation that could be achieved through intergovernmental agreements.
2.19.3 The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, Ramsar 1971
Pakistan is a signatory to the said Convention. The principal obligations of contracting

parties to the Convention are:
▪ To designate wetlands for the List of Wetlands of International Importance.
Introduction
2-19
▪ To formulate and implement planning so as to promote wise use of wetlands, to carry

out an EIA before transformations of wetlands, and to make national wetland
inventories.
▪ To establish nature reserves on wetlands and provide adequately for their wardening
and through management to increase waterfowl populations on appropriate wetlands.
▪ To train personnel competent in wetland research, management and wardening.
▪ To promote conservation of wetlands by combining far-sighted national policies with

coordinated international action, to consult with other contracting parties about
implementing obligations arising from the Convention, especially about shared
wetlands and water system.
▪ To promote wetland conservation concerns with development aid agencies.
▪ To encourage research and exchange of data.
2.19.4 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and

Flora (Cites)
This convention came into effect on 03 March 1973 in Washington. In all 130 countries are
signatory to this convention with Pakistan signing the convention in 1976. The convention
requires the signatories to impose strict regulation (including penalization, confiscation of
the specimen etc.) regarding trade of all species threatened with extinction or that may
become so, in order not to endanger further their survival.
The Convention contains three appendices. Appendix I include all species threatened with
extinction which are or may be affected by trade. The Convention requires that trade in these
species should be subject to strict regulation. Appendix II include species that are not
necessarily threatened presently but may become so unless trade in specimens of these
species is subject to strict regulation. Appendix III includes species which any contracting
party identifies as subject to regulations in trade and requires other parties to cooperate in
this matter.
Introduction
2-20
2.19.5 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)
Red List
The red list is published by IUCN and includes those species that are under potential threat
of extinction. These species have been categorized as:
▪ Endangered: species that are sent to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the
wild in the near future, reduction of 50% or more either in the last 10 years or over the
last three generations, survive only in small numbers, or have very small populations.
▪ Vulnerable in Decline: species that are seen to be facing a risk of extinction in the
wild, having apparent reductions of 20% or more in the last 10 years or three
generations.
▪ Vulnerable: species that are seen to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild, but
not necessarily experiencing recent reductions in population size. categories.
▪ Data Deficient: species that may be at risk of extinction in the wild but at the present
time there is insufficient information available to make a firm decision about its status.
2.20 International and National Environment and Conservation

Organizations
International and National NGOs
International environmental and conservation organisations such as IUCN and the World
Wide Fund for nature (WWF) have been active in Pakistan for some time. Both these
organisations have worked closely with government and act in an advisory role with regard
to the formulation of environmental and conservation Policies. Since the convening of the
Rio Summit, a number of national environmental NGO’s have also been formed, and have
been engaged in advocacy, and in some cases, research. Most prominent national
environmental NGO’s, such as the Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI),
Strengthening Participatory Organization (SPO), Shehri, and Shirkatgah are the members of
the Pakistan National Committee (PNC) of IUCN.
As mentioned earlier, environmental NGO’s have been particularly active in advocacy, as

proponents of sustainable development approaches. Much of the government's
environmental and conservation policy has been formulated in consultation with leading
NGO’s, who have also been involved in drafting new legislation on conservation.
Introduction
2-21
CHAPTER – 03
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
3. Project Description
In this chapter salient features of the proposed project are discussed to the extent that they
relate to potential environmental, biological and social impacts. Details of proposed actions,
which include 3D seismic survey activities are discussed in the subsequent sections.
3.1 Need Assessment of the Project
Pakistan spends billions of dollars to import the crude oil and other petroleum products and
as a result total import bill is rising for every consecutive fiscal year. To reduce this loss of
foreign exchange the government is committed to maximize replacement of imported
furnace oil and diesel oil with indigenous natural gas.
The share of natural gas in primary energy supplies of the country is about 47.6%, and is the
primary fuel used in the fertilizer industries, in addition to its uses in the residential,
commercial sectors and in power generation.
The current situation: Energy sources in Pakistan's current energy mix include hydel,
thermal (coal, gas and furnace oil), and nuclear for electricity generation, and gasoline,
diesel, and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) for transport applications. Pakistan's primary
energy mix-2011 as derived from Pakistan Energy Yearbook 2011 is: Oil 32.0%; Gas
47.6%; LPG; 0.5%; Coal 6.7%; Hydro, Nuclear & Imported Electricity 13.2%.
The country has an estimated 824 billion cubic meter of recoverable reserves of natural gas
(Pakistan Energy Yearbook, 2010). Gas consumption is highest in the power generation
sector (27.2% of total gas consumed), domestic use (18.7%), Commercial (3.0%), Transport
(9.1%), and in fertilizer production (18.4% of total gas consumed) (Pakistan Energy
Yearbook, 2011). In view of Pakistan's current energy crisis, it has become imperative for
the country to explore more indigenous resources to meet the domestic & industrial
demands. OGDCL is playing a very important role in order to explore oil and gas in the
country so that dependence on import may be reduced.
Project Description
3-1
3.2 Project Objectives
OGDCL has two prime objectives coupled with proposed 3D seismic activities. These two
prime objectives are structured as following:
▪ Discover the new hydrocarbon reserves through 3D seismic survey activities.
▪ To enhance the production of fossil-fuels in order to reduce energy deficiencies of

Pakistan.
Above mentioned objectives will further explore and develop hydrocarbon resources in the
Khewari & Bitrisim block of Sindh Province, and ultimately of Pakistan for the mutual
benefit of the Pakistani people and OGDCL shareholders.
3.3 Project Location
The proposed 3D seismic activities will be carried out in 600 sq.km area situated in Khewari
& Bitrisim block of Sindh Province. Seismic lines will be laid to acquire seismic data to be
carried out by OGDCL in the project area.
Major road crossings on the alignment are Sanghar-Choonkido road and Jaam Sahib – Deh
Akro road –Choonkido road.
The proposed project falls administratively in 03 districts i,e. Shaheed Benazirabad, Sanghar
and Khairpur and location map is attached as Figure 3.1.
Project Description
3-2
Legends
Khewari Block
Bitrisim Block

600 sq. km
Figure 3.1: Location Map
Introduction
3-3
3.4 Project Administrative Jurisdiction
The project corridor will pass through administrations of 3 districts. The proposed project
falls in three districts Shaheed Benazirabad, Sanghar & Khairpur, in Sindh province.
3.5 Proposed Project
OGDCL is granted exploration license of Khewari (2568-3) & Bitrisim (2568-4) by the
Government of Pakistan. OGDCL is willing to continue its exploration activities and
enhance production capacities. In this connection, OGDCL is going to perform seismic 3D
Seismic activities include seismic data acquisition within the project area. All these
proposed activities will be carried out after approval of Sindh EPA.
3D seismic data collection occurs along a line of receivers and resulting image represents
section below the line. Seismic survey will take around ten (10) months for completion.
Generally two techniques will be used for data acquisition; vibroseis in terrain with gentle
slopes and flat sandy areas; dynamite within agricultural lands, tidal flats/coastal areas,
shallow waters (less than 2m depth) and all other areas where access and working of the
vibroseis will be difficult. Up-holes may be drilled at selected locations within the area of
seismic survey.
Seismic operation will involve housing about 450 people in a camp site and use of water for
domestic purposes. Local labour will also be employed during the operation. Description of
activities involved in seismic activities is discussed in below section.
During project activities, construction of campsite, access tracks, laying of wires and
movement of equipment will be carried out which may also require land clearing. If existing
tracks will be found, improvement of existing tracks will also be carried out in order to
utilize these tracks during project life. Specification of 3D seismic survey of the proposed
project is given in the Table 3.1.
Project Description
3-4
Table 3.1: 3D Recording Land Geometry
Source Type Dynamite / Vibroseis
Survey Type Orthogonal
Receiver Interval 50
Source Interval 50
Receiver Line Interval 300m
Source Line Interval 300m
Patch configuration 20L*6S*144CH/L
Total No. of Live Channels 2880
Total Fold 12*10 = 120
Aspect Ratio 0.83
Source Density 66.67
Inline Maximum Offset 3575m
Largest Offset 4650.9m
No. of Geophones / Stations 24
Geophone Array Linear
Sample Rate 2msec
Record Length 6 sec
Swath Uniform, 06 shots/salvo
In-line roll/X-line roll 01 Line
3.6 Seismic Operation
Information about subsurface geology is gathered by directing shock waves into the ground
and recording the time taken for them to reflect off subsurface rock layers. The shock waves
are generated either by detonating dynamite in holes drilled in the ground or by surface
Project Description
3-5
vibration. The reflected shock waves are recorded using geophones (sensitive microphones),
which are laid out along the area where the detonation or vibration takes place.
Seismic surveys can be conducted using a number of methods, including deep holes,
shallow holes (also referred to as the pop-shot method), surface shots, and truck-mounted
vibrators (Vibroseis TM).
Seismic activities in 600 sq. kms will be based on about 80% dynamite & 20% vibroseis
technique for the proposed project.
3.7 Methodology for Sesimic Survey
The following different activities that will be involved in conducting the seismic survey are:
▪ Campsite selection and access track development or improvement (if needed);
▪ Camp establishment, mobilization and permitting
▪ Line survey & preparation
▪ Data acquisition (e.g. Dynamite, Vibroseis)
▪ Cabling
▪ Shooting and recording
▪ Restoration and rehabilitation
3.7.1 Camp Site Selection and Access Track
Seismic program will initiate with the selection of site for camp. Camp site selection will be
carried out taking into consideration the environmental and social aspects of the proposed
site. Usually, a flat tract of land with good access is chosen for camp establishment. Camp
site will be selected keeping in view the minimum clearing of vegetation; however, it is
likely that any levelling and clearing will be conducted.
The existing track network will be relied upon to access the seismic lines. Improvement of
existing tracks will also be carried out, where required. Moreover, temporary tracks will also
be developed for seismic program, if necessary.
Project Description
3-6
3.7.2 Camp Establishment and Mobilization
Once the access track is completed, camp establishment and mobilization are started.
Usually, a flat tract of land is chosen for camp establishment and nominal levelling and
clearing are carried out, if necessary.
To mobilize the heavier loads, flat-bed trucks are used; for others, ordinary trucks (with a
carrying capacity of 10-15 tons). It takes about 15 days to complete the camp establishment
and mobilization. The seismic crew is mobilized once the camp is fully operational.
3.7.3 Land Permitting
Before commencement of work a permitting team headed by a chief permit man will arrive
in the area. The team early arrival will facilitate activities such as liaising with local
landowners and authorities to inform them of the operation and make necessary
arrangements. The permitting team will identify the ownership of the land areas over which
the seismic operations will be undertaken. In consultation with the district administration
and following agreed rates, compensation will be given to the landowners wherever
applicable. During the seismic survey, the chief permit man will be the focal point for
communication between local inhabitants and seismic survey personnel.
3.7.4 Line Survey and Preparation
After obtaining permission from the permitting team, the locations of shot holes will be
surveyed. In this activity, the seismic lines will be marked on the ground by survey teams.
Each team will comprise of 4 to 5 people. The survey teams will use a global positioning
system to mark shot points on the seismic lines at every 40-50m interval with whitewashed
stones or wooden pegs.
Clearing of trees and dense patches of vegetation will be avoided and seismic lines will be
laid on the plain area. This will be helpful, if vibroseis technology will be used and allow the
movement of vibroseis trucks over the cleared strip of land along the line. Dynamite will be
always used as energy source if seismic lines lying in agricultural fields and will not be
cleared.
Project Description
3-7
3.7.5 Data Acquisition
The typical procedure for data acquisition using the shot/deep hole technique is described
below.
Dynamite
In this technique, shot holes (~24m), will be drilled after every 40-50m along sections of the
seismic lines passing through agricultural lands, mountainous region or any other area of
interest. These holes will be drilled using portable hand driven drills or portable jackrob
drilling units. Drill will be operated by a team of 4-5 drillers headed by a foreman. If a shot
point cannot be drilled at a specified location because of any environmental restriction, a
replacement point will be located as close to the original shot point as possible.
After completion of drilling, each shot hole will be loaded with optimum amount (2-6 kg) of
dynamite and 1 or 2 detonators. Explosives will be handled by a loading crew who will be
specially trained in the handling, storage, transportation, charging, firing and safety of
dynamite. Charges will be carefully inserted into each hole. Each hole will then be
backfilled with sand/mud. Shot Hole drilling operation is depicted in Figure 3.2.
Figure 3.2: Shot Hole Drilling Operation
Project Description
3-8
Labours will be divided into six teams including front crew, back crew, shooting crew,
recording crew and green crew that will carry out shooting, recording and restoration along
the seismic lines. These teams will operate several days behind the drilling team. Front
cable-crew will lay down the cables and plant geophones along the seismic line. Cables and
geophones will be symmetrically laid down along the seismic line on either side of a shot
point. Geophones connected in groups of 24 or more will be planted along the line at
intervals of 1 to 4 meter. Each string of geophones will be connected to a cable which will
be connected to a station unit. Station units will be connected to a recording unit through the
same cable. Points along which cables and geophones will be laid are termed receiver array.
Approximately 70 labours will be employed for laying and retrieving of cables. A pictorial
view of Geophones and lying of Cables is depicted in Figure 3.3.
Figure 3.3: A pictorial view of Geophones and lying of Cables
Project Description
3-9
After the cables and geophones have been laid out along the line or around the shot hole
containing the charge, the charge is detonated by a crew comprising of 4 men. The charge in
one shot hole will be detonated at a time. At the surface, the sound of the detonation is
normally no more than a muffled thud. The process will be successively repeated for each
shot hole, with cables and geophones being removed from the back of the line and placed at
the front of the line as the detonating team progresses.
The sound waves reflected off geological layers will be picked up by the geophones,
amplified and recorded electronically by mobile recording units. Subsequently, the data will
be processed by computer to produce a map of the underlying structure. This information
will then be processed and interpreted by geophysicists and geologists.
Figure 3.4: Mobile Recording Unit
Project Description
3-10
Vibroseis
This technique will make use of vibrators as an energy source. Vibrator consists of a heavy
mass attached to a steel plate mounted on a truck. The truck will lower the steel plate to rest
on the ground by means of hydraulic jacks. Steel plate will be made to vibrate, creating
energy waves that will travel downwards into the earth surface. Reflected waves will be
received on the ground by cables and geophones laid along the seismic line. Arrangement of
cables, geophones and station units will be similar to the arrangement adopted for dynamite.
A series of 4 vibrators will follow each other along the line. All 4 vibrators will stop at a
point called vibroseis point and produce energy waves of between 2-80 Hz for a period of
less than 20 seconds in the manner described above. With this technique approximately 4-8
km of line can be recorded each day. Operation of Vibroseis is presented in Figure 3.5
below.
Figure 3.5: Vibroseis Truck
Project Description
3-11
3.7.6 Restoration and Rehabilitation
After completion of the seismic operation all affected areas (including access tracks, seismic
lines and camp sites) will be restored. A restoration and rehabilitation crew will be
mobilized to ensure that the affected areas are being brought back to their original condition
as much as possible.
Specific to campsites restoration, following activities will be carried out for site restoration.
Moreover, for reference purposes photographic record of the campsites prior to set-up will
be established.
▪ Demobilization of all equipment and machinery.
▪ Disposal of any waste material remaining at the time of completion of the operation.
▪ Backfilling of all soak pits and septic tanks.
▪ Backfilling of all holes and pits
▪ Dismantling and removal of fence or barriers surrounding the camp area.
▪ General restoration of the site area including landscaping and restoration of drainage
where required.
Restoration of seismic lines will include removal of all cables, geophones, station units,
flags, stakes and wastes from the lines. For reference purposes a photographic record of
selected sections of seismic lines could be taken before and after the operation.
3.7.7 Accommodation and Supplies
One base camp and fly camps (if required) will be prepared to house a maximum of 450
crew members. The approximate area for the base camp will be between 50,000 - 60,000
sqm and will include accommodation area including tents and portacabins; senior and junior
kitchens and mess; laundry area; toilets; workshops; vehicle parking area; equipment storage
areas; fuel and oil storage area; generator area, septic tanks and soak pits; and a garbage pit.
The camps will be fenced for security reasons. The base camp will be prepared by an
advance party. Survey work will start only after satisfactory set up of the base camp. Most
camp supplies will be transported from Karachi, Gharo and Hyderabad. Water will be
Project Description
3-12
required during the operation for domestic and drilling purposes. Water will be transported
to the site from the suitable source. The required quantity of water will be obtained either
from existing local tube well or well drilled for the project or can be supplied through water
bowsers. Quantity of water required during various operations of the seismic survey is
provided in Table 3.3.
A bulk stock of dynamite will be transported to the project area. This will be stored in a
purpose-built explosive storage area located at a safe distance from communities and the
seismic camps. The explosives will be stored in an excavated pit lined with concrete blocks
and covered with tarpaulins. The area will be fenced and guarded for security reasons.
Power required during operation of the base camp will be met through installation of diesel
generators.
3.8 Project Schedule
The project duration for seismic activities is expected to take 10 months
3.9 Resource Usage and Requirement
3.9.1 Recruitment
It is expected that overall project activities generate various vacancies for technical, security
and unskilled worker. Local people will be given preference for unskilled job. Details of the
staff requirement for major phases of the project are as under.
Table 3.2: Workforce required for proposed seismic activities
Type of Workforce Number of workforces
OGDCL Employee 10
Contractors 400
Security Guard 40
Project Description
3-13
3.9.2 Water Requirement
During seismic data acquisition and establishment of campsite either water will be procured
through water tankers or obtained from tube well or appropriate source. The estimated water
consumption is mentioned below.
Table 3.3: Water required during proposed seismic activities
Usage Water Requirement (Gallons/day)
Domestic Approx. 160 liters per capita per day
3.9.3 Electricity Requirement
Electricity requirements will be fulfilled by diesel generators. Total numbers of generators

with their capacities utilized at different phases are as under.
Table 3.4: Electricity (Generators) Requirement for Campsites
Quantity Capacity (KVA)
02 400-500
3.9.4 Fuel Requirements
Fuel requirement for the generation of electricity shall be obtained through local market.
The estimated fuel consumption is mentioned below.
Table 3.5: Fuel Requirement during proposed seismic activities
Fuel Type Fuel requirement (liters/day)
Diesel 2500
3.9.5 Vehicle Requirements
Project personnel will travel to and from camp site mostly through small cars and through
single and double cabin pick up. Vehicles are used for following purpose.
▪ Fuel transport vehicles
▪ Water transport vehicles
Project Description
3-14
▪ Heavy trucks for mobilisation/demobilisation
▪ Vehicles for staff mobilisation
3.10 Waste Generation and Disposal
3.10.1 Solid Waste
Solid waste generated at campsites will consist of both hazardous and non-hazardous waste.
It is expected that 400-500 kg/month solid waste (hazardous / non-hazardous) will be
generated. Recyclable solid waste will be recycled through waste contractor where
applicable and hazardous waste will be disposed of through approved waste contractor.
3.10.2 Wastewater
Wastewater produced during project activities mainly consist of grey and black water. Black
water will be directed towards septic tank & soak pit whereas grey water will be stored in
soak pits.
It is estimated that during seismic activities approximately 150 liters per capita per day
wastewater will be discharged.
3.11 Fire Safety During Seismic Activities
Fire prevention and protection is an important element for the safety of the workers and
continued operations. Onsite staff will be trained and educated to recognize the fire hazards,
applied to the flammable and combustible hydrocarbon liquids, gases and vapors and the
potential hazards of fire and explosions. An awareness of fire prevention is essential and
includes knowledge of ignition sources such as open flames, high temperatures, electrical
energy, static sparks and explosives.
Fire-protection systems including fireproofing, layout and spacing, equipment design,

electrical classification and drainage. Detectors and sensors will be installed which activate
alarms, and may also activate automatic protection systems, upon detecting heat, flame,
smoke, gas or vapors.
Project Description
3-15
CHAPTER – 04
PROJECT ALTERNATIVES
4 Project Alternatives
The discussion and analysis of Alternatives in an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

considers different practicable strategies that will promote the elimination of identified
negative environmental impacts. This report has identified some major environmental
impacts as noted by scientific experts. The findings of these impacts were utilized to analyze
possible options for the final development. The following alternatives have been identified
and are discussed in further detail below:
▪ Alternative-I ‘No Development Option’
▪ Alternative II Survey Design Alternative Technologies
4.1 Alternative-I No Development Option
The “No Development” alternative is required to ensure the consideration of the original
environment without any development. This is necessary for the decision-makers in
considering all possibilities. The development will have a minimal effect on the physical
environment.
The energy sector of any country plays a very important role in the growth and
development. Pakistan spends billions of dollars to import the crude oil and other petroleum
products and as a result total import bill is rising for every consecutive fiscal year. To reduce
this loss of foreign exchange the government is committed to maximum replacement of
imported furnace oil and diesel oil with indigenous natural oil & gas.
In view of Pakistan's current energy crisis, it has become imperative for the country to
explore more indigenous resources to meet the domestic & industrial demands. OGDCL is
playing a very important role in order to explore oil and gas in the country so that
dependence on import may be reduced.
An oil and gas discovery in the proposed project area will augment the present oil and gas
supplies of the country and reduce Pakistan’s reliance on imported fuel.
Project Alternatives
4-1
There is an ever increasing need to have a required supply of Gas Consequently; this Priority
Project has become a project of National interest.
Based on the environmental expert’s judgment and analysis which is supplemented by

aforementioned facts and figures, the project refusal would mean loss of additional reliable
and economical gas benefits associated with the proposed Project and following drawbacks
can be interpreted; Social and Economic loss Increase of No Employment opportunities etc.
With respect to above realities the No Project Option seems to be highly unfavorable.
4.2 Alternative-II ‘Survey Design Alternative Technologies &

Recommendations
The technology to be employed for the seismic survey is the latest state-of-the-art for
activities of this nature, and has been outlined in Chapter 3. Approximately 600 square
kilometres of seismic data acquisition will be carried out in the project area. The company
will construct a number of seismic survey lines (track lines) along which seismic data will
be collected. The seismic survey operations and related activities will be constrained to the
seismic survey lines once they are confirmed, and to the base camp, fly camps and access
roads to these areas within the project area. On an area-wide survey such as this, there is
considerable scope to adjust line placements and program size to bypass habitations or areas
of particular sensitivity. A detailed evaluation of each line will be carried out as work
progresses and line placements will be adjusted to achieve the survey objectives with
minimum disruption and impact to the environment and resident communities. Two
methods will be used to generate the seismic waves (1) Truck mounted Vibroseis units, and
(2) dynamite charged shot-holes for land-based seismic data acquisition.
The following equipment which will be dedicated solely to the proposed seismic survey
activity that will be carried out in proposed area:
▪ Seismic source generators (Vibroseis, dynamite charges for land-based data

acquisition);
▪ Data recording truck;
▪ Transport equipment: e.g. trucks, pick-ups, 4WD vehicles;
4-2
▪ Communication equipment including handheld satellite phones, and vehicle-mounted

VHF radio, and will also establish a communication base station at the main camp
site;
▪ Mulchers, Bulldozers, and light-cutting hand-held equipment for clearing of seismic

lines;
▪ Surveying equipment;
▪ GPS equipment;
▪ Associated electronics, data processing and printing equipment, and;
▪ Ambulances
▪ Additional equipment and facilities that will be available will include:
▪ Fully serviced and self-contained base camp for all personnel and equipment;
▪ Adequate fire-fighting equipment, and first-aid kits;
▪ Fully equipped clinic for medical care of the personnel, and;
▪ Emergency trained paramedic(s);
Acoustic Source Technologies
Vibroseis
The Vibroseis technology is a state-of-the-art technology that is widely used to carry out
seismic surveys around the world. The only other alternative to Vibroseis is using a
dynamite shot-hole. The commonly used type of vibrators generates a peak force of 282 kN
(63,500 lbs). Vibroseis is generally preferred over dynamite shot-holes for the following
reasons: lower cost than dynamite operations; vibrator settings can be adjusted in the field
and hence can greatly improve the results of a survey; and Vibroseis source points can easily
be recorded again if for some reason the reflected signals are not of the required quality.
Recommendations
Vibroseis units have the advantage of not requiring shot-hole drilling crews or explosives.
However, in vegetation areas these large vehicles require much wider lines to be cut or
4-3
mulched and in water-logged soil the tyres may cause surface damage. Vibroseis will
accordingly be restricted to dry, sparsely vegetated areas. Vibroseis is the preferred option
for seismic survey in the flat-lying or gently undulating areas, while dynamite shot-holes
would be preferred in the more rugged and steep hilly ridge areas.
Dynamite Shot-Holes
In this case, a small charge of explosive is placed in a narrow-diameter hole drilled five to
fifteen metres into the ground, before being detonated remotely. Depth of hole, charge size,
and type of explosives can affect the final quality of seismic data.
The only other alternative to dynamite shot-holes is Vibroseis. Dynamite shot-holes are
normally used in cases where Vibroseis method cannot be utilized, such as areas with steep
slopes, rough terrain and dense vegetation. This method has some constraints. As earlier
mentioned, shot-hole depth, charge size, and type of explosive must be predetermined prior
to the actual survey: none of these variables can be easily adjusted to improve data recovery,
while Vibroseis field testing is easily conducted to determine optimum sweep frequencies
and sweep lengths.
Recommendations
This technique will be useful and effective in hilly, rugged and steep terrain, in dry or
waterlogged terrain, as well as in sensitive areas such as archaeological sites. Both hand-
powered and machine-powered drill units will be used according to the hardness of the
ground and depth of hole. There will be man-portable units in areas where access is very
limited and a low-impact technique is required. In most areas, however, drill units will be
mounted on wheeled or tracked vehicles as the terrain requires. The drilled “shot” holes are
usually destroyed by the detonations and will be backfilled on the surface after use. With
this form of acquisition, seismic lines need only to be around two metres wide and can be
meandered to avoid mature vegetation. A flexible approach will be taken in the technique
employed for shot-hole drilling. Either a tractor or man-portable rotary type rig capable of
drilling up to 20m deep holes will be employed. A small tractor would be able to traverse
the reasonably dry sections of line cleared by the Mulcher. In wet areas (such as in river
flood plains or water-logged areas), a low-impact man-portable shallow shot-hole drill rig,
4-4
which could either be rotary or of a flush nature, could be used providing that the underlying
rock is not close to the surface and a source of water is close by. In wet areas, the depth of
the achievable hole will depend on logistics and subsurface geology. In some areas, the near
surface geology consists of a thin soil cover over hard rocks that may in turn overlie loose
unconsolidated materials beneath. To ensure that majority of the energy from the shot is
focused downwards it will be necessary to employ a drilling technique capable of
penetrating the overlying hard layer of rock and passing through the unconsolidated layers
beneath to place the charge at a suitable depth. In such drilling conditions, a sonic drill
would be ideal: however, it may well be possible to achieve the desired depth by using a
drill with a combination hammer bit and rotary head, with a compressed air-lift or pumped
water-lift technique.
4-5
CHAPTER – 05
ENVIRONMENTAL AND
SOCIO-ECONOMIC
BASELINE
5. Environmental and Socio-economic Baseline
This chapter defines the prevailing environmental and socio-economic conditions of the
project area and surroundings. The project area is defined as ‘the areas where the project
related activities to be carried, include the proposed project site and surroundings and the areas
that can interact with various positive and negative externalities of the project in the long run.
The proposed project site falls within three districts i.e. Sanghar, Shaheed Benazirabad and
Khairpur. The proposed project site and 5 km radius of surrounding area is defined as Project
Study Area for environmental and social baseline development. The location map of study
area in Sindh Province is presented in Figure 5.1.
The environmental impact of any activity or process will be assessed based on a deviation
from the baseline or normal situations. Followings are the main components of the baseline
discussed in this section.
The description provided in this section is acquired from primary and secondary data
collection approach based on followings:
▪ Desk-top surveys and literature review.
▪ Field surveys: Baseline data gathered from field activities.
▪ Meetings and data collection from the proponent.
▪ Existing information sources
▪ Published literature and previous EIA studies conducted in the surrounding areas of
proposed project
▪ Government released publications such as Provincial Census reports.
▪ Meetings and data gathering from various organisations and villages
Environmental and Socio-Economic Baseline

5-1
Figure 5-1: Project Location Map
Nara Game
Reserve
Deh Akro
Wildlife (DAWS)
-II
Proposed
Project Area

5-2
5.1 Physical Environment
This part examines the physical resources such as topography, soil condition, climate,
seismology, meteorology, surface and ground water resources and quality, ambient air quality
and geology of not only the project site but also the related project area to assess whether the
project under assessment can or does have any impacts on any of these parameters. The
description of physical environment of Sanghar, Shaheed Benazirabad, Khairpur and the
project site is presented in the following sub sections.
5.1.1 Topography
Shaheed Benazirabad & Sanghar: With the exception of north-eastern part of Nawabshah
taluka which is desert known as Gunjo that, the rest of the district is a fertile plain formed by
the Indus river. The soil is sandy with hard clay loams with the negligible exception where the
soil is Kallarish. Shaheed Benazirabad is that part of the Indus Valley which has benefited
more than any other part of Sindh from the development of irrigation under Rohri Canal. The
average elevation of the area is about 50 meters above sea level.
Khairpur: Khairpur can be divided into three broader zones. The area lying in the vicinity of
River Indus is part of Indus's active flood plain. Next to this is the area irrigated by a network
of canals. Major area of the district is under the desert zone called Nara (Piedmont plains) that
makes part of the eastern desert zone of Pakistan. It is placed between Cholistan in Punjab and
Thar in Sindh. The north-western part of Nara is composed of a series of low lying hills/ridges
(100 m high) of limestone that run for 45 km from north east to south east. The areas adjacent
to Nara canal watered by lift irrigation is quite fertile and presents a scene of an oasis in the
vast desert composed of sand dunes of considerable height.
In terms of land use, major portion of the district can be termed rough grazing land followed
by lands/areas that are devoid of any vegetation cover. The northwestern portion of the district
is under arable agriculture while a very small portion of the district has a forest cover.
In terms of natural vegetation, tropical thorn (or rakh) is found in the active and old flood plain
of Indus while desert (desertic and semi-desertic) vegetation is found in the Nara zone.

5-3
5.1.2 Geology and Soil Texture
Shaheed Benazirabad & Sanghar: This district is located in the centre of the Sindh province
of Pakistan and is therefore commonly known as the heart of Sindh. Indus River flows on the
left bank of the district. The total geographical area of the district is 451,000 hectares. The
land structure of the districts can be divided into three parts.
▪ First, on the northern side of the district is the kaccha (the lands alongside the Indus
River), these lands are very fertile but are prone to riverine floods.
▪ Second, the central and major part of the district comprises the irrigated cultivable lands.
This area consists of very productive agricultural land.
▪ Third, the eastern part of the district that comprises the barren desert lands in Daur
taluka.
Khairpur: Geologically major portion of Khairpur is formed of sedimentary & volcanic rocks
of quaternary type while a tiny portion in the north is of tertiary type.The soils of Khairpur can
be divided into four broader types:
▪ Loamy and some stratified soils of young flood plains,
▪ Loamy and clayey soils of older river plains,
▪ Rock outcrops with very patchy cover of heterogeneous soil material of the western
mountainous region,
▪ Rolling to hilly sandy soils of aeolian deserts.

5-4
Figure 5-2: Soil Structure Map
Source: Atlas of Pakistan, Survey of Pakistan

5.1.3 Siesmicity
Shaheed Benazirabad & Sanghar: The project site falls in the Zone 2A of the Seismic Zoning
Map of Pakistan. Seismic Zone 2A is the least prone area on the land to the Seismic Activities.
Shaheed Benazirabad has no serious history of any seismic activity. However, the north side
of Sindh, the coastal side, falls in zone 4 and prone to seismic activities and any activity in that
area may lead to Shaheed Benazirabad.
Khairpur: According to Seismic Zoning Map of Pakistan included in the Pakistan Building
Code Seismic Provisions (2007), the district falls in Zone 2A of minor to moderate damage
seismic activity. Therefore project structures should be designed in accordance with the
requirement of seismic designing Zone 2A after giving due consideration to the foundation
material.
Table 5-1: Pakistan Seismic Zoning as per PGA Values

Seismic Zoning PGA Values
Zone 1 0.05 to 0.08g
Zone 2A 0.08 to 0.16g
Zone 2B 0.16 to 0.24g
Zone 3 0.24 to 0.32g
Zone 4 > 0.32g

5-5
Figure 5-3: Pakistan Seismic Zones and Zoning Map

5-6
5.1.4 Water Resources
Surface Water of Shaheed Benazirabad & Sanghar: Indus is the only river and flows along the
western boundary of the district for about 90 kilometres of its length. Presence of River Indus
is the most dominant geographical factor. Indus plays a vital role in the livelihood and welfare
of the people of Shaheed Benazirabad district can readily be understood when it is realized
that average yearly rainfall in the district is only about five to eight inches.
Ground Water of Shaheed Benazirabad & Sanghar: The main source of drinking water in the
area is groundwater, which is pumped through hand pumps, pressure pumps and tube wells.
Groundwater in the Municipal area is generally adequate.
Figure 5-4: Irrigation Network

5-7
Surface Water of Khairpur: Four main canals pass through the district including Khairpur
West, Rohri, Khairpur East and Nara canals. An old flood course or branch of River Indus
called Nara passes through the western portion of the desert zone. It was turned to a perennial
canal taken out from Guddu Barrage. This canal brings water from the Indus River and
irrigates parts of the agriculture land located in the western portion of the area.
Ground Water of Khairpur: The project area predominantly comprise of sand dunes. This part
of desert area, owing to low rainfalls, high runoff potential and high evaporation rates; has
limited supply of fresh groundwater. In the desert; thin fresh water lenses and perched. Fresh
water aquifers are the only source of water supply. Precipitation being low in the area does not
significantly affect the water table. It only benefits the desert dwellers, where rainwater on a
limited scale temporarily fills the Tars or Tals and recharges the dug wells, only to sustain
their demands for a few months. The people of deserts are largely dependent on the period for
which this supply of water lasts. Water is extracted through hand pumps or tars (open wells
excavated in low lying depressions). The water table of project area lies at a depth of about 80
to 100 feet. The only source of water for human beings and livestock is derived from
dugout/natural ponds, in which the water is stored during monsoon season.
5.1.5 Climatology and Meteorology
Temperature
Shaheed Benazirabad & Sanghar: The climate of the area is extremely hot during the summers
and cold/foggy during the winters. High temperatures and aridity are the main characteristics
of the summer season. Hottest month is June, when the maximum daytime temperature
exceeds 45 °C in the project area. The winter season goes from November to March. The mean
monthly minimum and maximum temperatures during winters are about 9 °C and 26 °C,
respectively.
Khairpur: Climatically Khairpur is hot and arid and receives a very little average annual
rainfall. Dry hot days and cool nights are typical during the summer. May, June and July are
the hottest months. The mean maximum and minimum temperatures during this period are
about 420C and 270C, respectively. December, January and February are the coldest months.

5-8
The mean maximum and minimum temperatures during this period are about 250C and 70C,
respectively.
Figure 5-5: Temperature Profiles of Project Area
Source: WorldWeatherOnline.com

5-9
Rainfall
Shaheed Benazirabad & Sanghar: The annual rainfall ranges between 9.0 mm and 405 mm.
The average annual rainfall is less than 88 millimetres. Rainfall varies from year to year in the
monsoon months between July and September. Maximum rainfall (about 60% of the total
annual) occurs during the Monsoon season (July, August and September), while the period of
minimum rainfall or drier period is October and November. Winter rains are insignificant.
Khairpur: In terms of rainfall, the district can be divided into two zones. The North western
zone receives an average annual rainfall from 125-255 mm whereas the south western zone is
drier receiving, on average, less than 125 mm annual rainfall. The generally estimated average
annual rainfall in the area is 5.47 inches (139 mm).
Humidity
Shaheed Benazirabad & Sanghar: Relative humidity varies from about 60% in the early
morning to about 25% or less in the afternoon.
Khairpur: The relative humidity typically ranges from 20% (dry) to 91% (very humid) over
the course of the year, rarely dropping below 15% (very dry), or exceeding 95% (very humid).
Wind Speed
Shaheed Benazirabad & Sanghar: The wind direction NW is usually in winter (November to
April) and SE in summer (May to September). Dust storms are not frequent in the area.
Khairpur: The area is characterized by high wind velocity, massive shifting and rolling of sand
dunes. Typical wind speeds vary from 5.8 kmph to 21.6 kmph (calm to moderate breeze),
rarely exceeding 28.8 kmph (fresh breeze). The highest average wind speed of 20 kmph (light
breeze) occurs around June, at which time the average daily maximum wind speed is 21.6
kmph (moderate breeze). The lowest average wind speed of 6.8 kmph (light air) occurs

5-10
Figure 5-6: Rainfall Profiles of Project Area

5-11
Figure 5-7: Humidity Profiles of Project Area

5-12
Figure 5-8: Wind Speed Profiles of Project Area

5-13
5.1.6 Ambient Air Quality
Troposphere air is highly susceptible to hostile anthropogenic activities taking place at ground
level or in vicinity of ground; which are mainly caused by fossil fuel combustion in industrial
units and caused by high density transportation through mobile & immobile vehicles.
Degradation of fossil fuel under the impact of high temperature give rise to varying gaseous
products composed mainly of CO2 in association with small amounts of Particulates, CO,
NO2 and SO2 etc. These pollutant gases change the ambient concentration of air environment
and could cause sufficient damage to ground level air ecology.
Ambient air quality is measured with monitoring devices that have the capability to capture &
analyse criteria air borne pollutants including CO, NO2 and SO2 at micro levels. The
monitoring techniques of each of these pollutant gases based on USEPA defined standard
methods depicted in Table 5-2.
Table 5-2: Ambient Air Monitoring Methodology
Parameter Methodology LDL
Nitrogen Oxide (NO) US EPA Designated Method RFNA-1289-074 0.75
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) US EPA Designated Method RFNA-1289-074 0.75
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) US EPA Designated Method ESQA-0486-060 1.3
Carbon Monoxide (CO) US EPA Designated Method RFCA-0981-054 0.1
Ozone (O3) USEPA Designated Method EQOA-0880-047 1.96
Particulate Matter (SPM) USEPA 40 CFR Part 50 appendix B 1.00
Particulate Matter (PM2.5) ISO 21501-4:2007 1.00
Particulate Matter (PM10) ISO 21501-4:2007 1.00
Lead (Pb) High Volume Sampler 0.01
The proposed project site located in open and surrounded by deserted area. There is no source
of pollution found in the East, West and south side of project area. Ambient air quality was
monitored (8 hours) at three points having location coordinates as N 26° 25' 1.68'', E 68° 44'
17.772'', N 26° 20' 13.194'', E 68° 55' 39.024'' & N 26° 33' 35.106'' , E 68° 51' 31.742''

5-14
respectively of project area. The meteorological conditions were also monitored with the help
of meteorological station installed for 08 hrs to assess the trend of air movements.
Major air pollutants including CO, NO, NO2, NOX, SO2 and Particulate Matter (PM10) were
monitored during field visit near the proposed project site for the duration of 08 hours at each
location. The results of all ambient air quality monitoring were recorded and compared against
Sindh Environmental Quality Standard (SEQS).
Overall all the parameters were found below the limits regulated by Sindh Environmental
Protection Agency (SEPA) for ambient air. Summary of ambient air quality monitoring is
presented in Table 5-3.
Table 5-3: Ambient Air Quality Results of the Project Area
Monitoring Results
Limits as Per
Parameter Unit Point 1 Point 2 Point 3 SEQS
Nitrogen Oxide
(μg/ m3) 6.8 6.7 6.9 40 μg/ m3
(NO)
Nitrogen Dioxide
(μg/ m3) 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 μg/ m3
(NO2)
Sulfur Dioxide
(μg/ m3) 1.9 2.0 2.0 120 μg/ m3
(SO2)
Carbon Monoxide
(mg/m3) 1.4 1.5 1.5 5 mg/m3
(CO)
130 μg/ m3
Ozone (O3) (μg/ m3) 5.6 17.1 7.4
(For 1 hour)
Particulate Matter
(μg/ m3) 91.8 100.8 104.6 500 μg/ m3
(SPM)
Particulate Matter
(μg/ m3) 18.3 20.8 24.2 75 μg/ m3
(PM2.5)
Particulate Matter
(µg/m3) 52.8 59.8 59.8 150 µg/m3
(PM10)
Lead (Pb) (μg/ m3) <1.5 <1.5 <1.5 1.5 μg/ m3

5-15
Graphical Interpretation of Point-1 Results against SEQS

5-16

5-17

5-18
Meteorological Parameters
Along with ambient air quality monitoring, wind direction, wind speed, temperature,
atmospheric pressure and relative humidity monitoring was carried out at sampling location.
5.1.7 Noise Monitoring
There is no continuous major source of noise in the proposed project area. Considering the
intermittent nature of noise sources, it can be concluded that the noise pollution in this area is
low. Noise Levels measured during the field surveys are given in subsequent table. The sound
level meter was calibrated to ensure overall measurements are corrected and within the
tolerance required by the standard. Noise monitoring results are presented in below Table
5-4.
During the project operation activities noise levels should be monitored to assess the
increase in noise levels with respect to the background noise levels.
Table 5-4: Results of Noise Monitoring
Noise Level (dB) (Day time)

Location SEQS
(Avg)
Point 1 63 65
Point 2 62 65
Point 3 58 65
5.1.8 Soil Quality of Project Area
Soil sampling was conducted at advised three locations (Coordinates: 26°25'50.09"

68°52'25.8") in accordance with standard conditions, procedures and protocols. All samples
were selected very carefully to assess the quality of soil in project area and related community:
1. Soil Sample - 01 (SS-1)
These soil samples were collected from 12 inches depth from soil cover. The chemical
characteristics of the project area soil are presented in below Table 5-5.

5-19
Soil constitutes a vital environmental matrix and it is always significant part of baseline
environmental studies relating to IEE/EIA/ESA. Physically, soil is composed of fundamental
mineral induced particles referred to as sandy, silt, silica and gravel respectively; whereas
chemically it is composed essentially of air, water, mineral matter and some organic matter.
Diversity distributions of fundamental particles in soil determine the soil character. Soil is
highly amenable to contamination of various types and degrees caused primarily by
anthropogenic activities; whereas natural derived contaminations are from rare to none.

5-20
Table 5-5: Chemical Characteristic of Project Area Soil

Test Results
Sr. # Parameters Method Unit RL
SS-1 SS-2 SS-3
+
APHA 4500 H B
1 pH at 25oC - 0.1 6.72 8.33 7.03
23rd Edition
2 Conductivity ISO 11265:1994 µs/cm 0.2 204.00 1599 2931
3 Oil and grease USEPA 9071B mg/kg 10.0 98 160 270
APHA 4500 CL B
4 Chloride mg/kg 5.0 389.11 1513.38 1751.11
23rd Edition
5 Barium USEPA3050B mg/kg 0.05 18 30 51
6 Arsenic USEPA3050B mg/kg 0.5 2.6 2.6 4.1

7 Zinc USEPA3050B mg/kg 0.5 13 17 26
8 Cadmium USEPA3050B mg/kg 0.5 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50
9 Total Chromium USEPA3050B mg/kg 0.5 11 11 16

10 Mercury USEPA 7471B mg/kg 0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
11 Silver USEPA 3050B mg/kg 0.5 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50
12 Lead USEPA 3050B mg/kg 0.5 1.7 2.7 4.1

13 Selenium USEPA 3050B mg/kg 0.5 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50

5-21
Most suspected monitoring parameters including pH, EC, Cl, Mg, Ba, Oil & Grease, and
pollutant heavy metals including As, Cd, Cr, Se, Hg and Pb were monitored to determine the
magnitude of these pollutants at project site, are discussed below.
▪ pH: indicates acidic or alkaline character of soil. Soils below pH 6.7 are acidic and soils
above pH 7.3 are alkaline. pH near 7.0 is considered neutral. Most crops grow best if
the soil pH is between 6.0 and 7.5. Lime is most commonly used to raise soil pH levels.
pH figures of 3 samples were found within the ranges 6.72 – 8.33 indicating all samples
are slightly alkaline in nature.
▪ Conductivity: determines extent of total soluble salts in soil was recorded between 204
to 2931 µS/cm, the highest being 2931 µS/cm in SS-3 and the lowest i.e. 204µS/cm in
SS-1.
▪ Oil & Grease: It is the total Oil & Grease contents [Hydrocarbons & Non-
Hydrocarbons (polar organic compounds)] obtained by extraction of n-hexane. These
includes polar and non-polar hydrocarbons which all having boiling points greater than
85°C. These are also referred to as hexane extracted materials or HEM; Concentrations
of Oil & Grease in the three collected soil samples ranges from 98-270 mg/Kg. These
were recorded above reporting limit in all the collected samples.
▪ Barium: Concentration was recorded between 18 to 51 mg/kg the highest being 51

mg/kg in SS-3 and the lowest i.e. 18 mg/kg in SS-1.
▪ Arsenic: Concentration in three samples was found above the reporting limit.
▪ Zinc: Concentration in three samples was found in the range of 13 - 26 mg/kg in all
collected samples.
▪ Chromium: Concentration in three samples was found in the range of 11 & 16 mg/kg.
Conclusion: The analysis results of all soil samples indicate that the soil of project site is
not eco-friendly and is found contaminated with noxious pollutants that can cause any
damage to soil cover of the project corridor. Organic pollutants including Oil & Grease
compounds were found at levels well above the reporting limit; whereas inorganic pollutants

5-22
including heavy metals were also registered at such reasonably high levels to cause any sort
of environmental disturbance to soil environment of the project site.
5.1.9 Water Quality Monitoring of Project Area
The usage of water in proposed project area is mostly groundwater for drinking, agricultural
and domestic purposes. The groundwater aquifer is predominantly saline. In some areas canal
irrigation provides a shallow layer of useable percolated water, which, is recharged during
summer. The pumpage of this water through shallow tube wells has consistently increased
supplementing surface irrigation, industrial and domestic water uses. Sweet to slightly
brackish groundwater is found in ample quantity in the area. Due to continuous recharge from
Indus River, Nara and Jamrao canal water table in areas along the canals stands at 2.5 to 5m.
With increasing distance from the canal water table gradually increases, reaching depths of 15
to 20m.
The total eight samples including two ground water and one surface water samples were
collected under standard procedures & protocols adapted by APHA/USEPA, from adjoining
sites of the project area. The purpose of the study was to assess the quality of ground water
and surface water in area and to check pollutants induced in water from natural and
anthropogenic sources. Eight sampling points were identified to cover study objectives,
sampling points are depicted below:
1. Ground Water - 01 (GW1)

2. Ground Water - 02 (GW2)
3. Surface Water - 01 (SW1)
4. Point - 01 (P1)
5. Point - 02 (P2)
6. Point - 03 (P3)
7. Point - 04 (P4)
8. Point - 05 (P5)
Total 30 criteria (physical & chemical) tests were conducted on 8 aforementioned samples to
determine the magnitude of natural borne & anthropogenic components in the aquatic systems.
The water quality analysis results are presented in below Table 5-6.

5-23
Table 5-6: Chemical Analysis of Water in Project Area
Sr Water Samples SEQS

Parameters Method Unit
.# GW1 GW2 SW1 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
1. pH at 25 °C APHA-4500H+B - 6.99 7.01 7.09 7.58 7.07 6.85 7.06 6.85 6.5-8.5
2. Colour APHA 2120 C Pt-Co 17 16 14 49 14 14 14 9 ≤15
3. Taste APHA 2160 A - Sweet Sweet Sweet Salty Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet NonObj
4. Odour APHA 2150 A - OL OL OL OL OL OL OL OL NonObj
5. Turbidity APHA 2130 B NTU <0.2 6 290 13 <0.2 <0.2 442 <0.2 <5
6. Fluoride APHA 4500 F C mg/L 0.10 0.08 <0.05 0.12 0.08 0.09 <0.05 0.08 ≤1.5
Total Dissolved
7. APHA 2540 C mg/L 872 360 164 1104 312 500 144 316 <1000
Solids(TDS)
8. Chloride(Cl-) APHA 4500 Cl B mg/L 176.44 43.24 27.67 145.29 48.43 55.35 69.19 34.59 <250
9. Cyanide APHA 4500 CN E mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 ≤0.05
10. T. Phenols APHA 5530 B/C mg/L <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 ≤0.002
11. R. Chlorine APHA 4500Cl G mg/L <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.5-1.5
12. Total Hardness APHA 2340 A,B mg/L 277.48 229.59 201.74 54.25 216.15 330.41 187.27 251.43 <500
13. Cadmium(Cd) APHA 3120 B mg/L <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 0.01

5-24

.# GW1 GW2 SW1 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
14. Copper(Cu) APHA 3120 B mg/L <0.005 <0.005 0.041 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.036 0.008 2
15. Lead(Pb) APHA 3120 B mg/L <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 ≤0.05
16. Nickel(Ni) APHA 3120 B mg/L <0.005 <0.005 0.054 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.052 <0.005 ≤0.02
17. Manganese(Mn) APHA 3120 B mg/L 0.11 0.17 0.66 <0.005 0.073 0.27 0.63 0.29 ≤0.5
18. Aluminium(Al) APHA 3120 B mg/L 0.080 0.041 28 0.13 <0.005 <0.005 27 <0.005 ≤0.2
19. Antimony(Sb) APHA 3120 B mg/L <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 ≤0.005
20. Arsenic(As) APHA 3120 B mg/L <0.005 0.017 0.008 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.010 0.013 ≤0.05
21. Barium(Ba) APHA 3120 B mg/L 0.093 <0.005 0.18 0.028 0.19 0.11 0.35 0.16 0.7
22. Boron(B) APHA 3120 B mg/L 0.24 0.086 0.064 0.46 0.046 0.24 0.11 0.024 0.3
23. Selenium(Se) APHA 3120 B mg/L <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.01
24. Zinc(Zn) APHA 3120 B mg/L 0.038 <0.005 0.034 0.23 <0.005 <0.005 0.014 <0.005 5.0
25. Mercury(Hg) APHA 3112 B mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 ≤0.001
26. Total Chromium APHA 3120 B mg/L <0.005 <0.005 0.052 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 ≤0.05
27. Nitrate APHA 4500 NO 3 B mg/L 0.12 0.13 <0.003 0.16 0.10 0.15 <0.003 0.12 ≤0.50
28. Nitrite APHA 4500 NO 2 B mg/L <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 ≤3

5-25

.# GW1 GW2 SW1 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
EPA 3510 +
29. Pesticides µg/L <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 -
USEPA 8081
EPA 3510 +
30. Total PAH USEPA 3510 & mg/L <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 -
8100
NonObj: Non-Objectionable
OL: Odourless

5-26
▪ pH: pH determines the acidic or basic character of water system and is a vital parameter
on which life of many terrestrial ecosystem depends, from micro to macro and even soil
matrix of environment which grows diverse food for all terrestrial communities
including human. pH monitoring pattern on 8 water samples indicates that the values of
pH in these samples were found in the range of 6.85 to 7.58 respectively.
▪ TDS: Total dissolved salts in water make up the TDS which essentially consisting of
major anions & major cations in association with such minor portion of anions & cations
which are present in trace or minor levels. TDS indicates total ionic contents which are
soluble in water and are estimated by multiplying E. Conductivity by a factor ranges
from 0.55 till 0.70. TDS figure highest and lowest recorded 1104 mg/l in P-1 and 312
in P-2 respectively.
▪ Hardness: Large scale distribution of alkaline earth metals mainly Calcium &
Magnesium causes to develop alkalinity & hardness in any aquatic system, induced
mainly from lime stone, Calcite & Dolomite minerals which forming the major part of
minerals on earth crust and are simultaneously interfacing with water & CO2 in the air
eco-system, below and above the lithospheric surface.
Whereas Carbonate & Hydroxide alkalinities are rarely encountered in eco-friendly

water system, these alkalinities develop at pH figures lingering at or above 8.30.
Hardness, too, develops due to aforementioned reaction referred to as carbonate & non-
carbonate hardness.
Total hardness of all the samples were analyzed and it was found lowest in P-1 being 57
mg/l while highest in P-3 being 330 mg/l.
▪ Chloride: Chloride is regarded among major anionic components and is major part of
any aquatic system. Chloride mainly induced from natural derived Sodium chloride as
major component but its concentration is restricted for drinking applications. Low to
moderate concentrations of both chloride ions add palatability to water. In fact, it is
desirable for this reason. Chloride can also pose special problems in the conditioning of
water. Analyses pattern on 8 water samples indicate that highest and lowest Chloride
was found 27 mg/l in SW-1 and 69 mg/l in P-4 respectively.

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▪ Iron, Manganese, Zinc: Heavy metals including Mn, Zn, As, Ba etc. are also regarded
as significant pollutants in water environment. The recorded heavy metals in all the
collected samples are considerable low except Al, recorded as 28 ppm & Mn as 0.66
ppm in water sample SW-1.
Conclusion: Chemical and physical analyses pattern carried out on all the collected samples
indicating the most water samples are complying SEQS on drinking water from drinking
point of view. All the recorded values of the parameters are within the standard values.
Heavy metal contaminants such as arsenic, mercury, manganese and zinc are too low to
cause any sort of environmental damage to these water sources. So, it is concluded that
ground water of this area is good for drinking purposes.

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Figure 5-9: Environmental Monitoring at Project Area
Ambient Air Monitoring at Project Site
Ambient Air and Noise Monitoring at Project Site

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Ground Water Sampling Field Parameter Testing
Soil Sampling at Project Site Meteorological Monitoring

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Ambient Air at Project Site

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Noise Monitoring at Project Site

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5.2 Biological Environment
In this section, the baseline environmental conditions pertaining to biological environment

have been described on the basis of primary and the secondary data. These conditions have
subsequently been used to identify the potential impacts on the biological environment that
are likely to arise from the project activities.
5.2.1 Protected/Sensitive Areas
The main protected area is Deh Akro-II Wildlife Sanctuary (DAWS) which is a complex of
natural wetland ecosystem comprising of more than 40 lakes and associated marshes (fed by
seepage from Nara and Jamrao Canal and rain water) in unique desert habitat supporting a
wide variety of important wildlife species. Other protected areas include Nara Desert.
Deh Akro – II as a Wildlife Sanctuary, as a Ramsar Site and as an Important Bird Area (IBA):
A wildlife Sanctuary is an area of land and/ or sea subject to active intervention for
management purpose so as to ensure the maintenance of habitats and/ or to meet the
requirements of specific species. It was notified as Wildlife Sanctuary in May, 1988 to give
protection to the key species of the area such as Desert Fox, Marbled Teal, Grey Partridge,
Black Partridge, Indian Darter and Marsh Crocodile. It has been designated as a Wetland of
International Importance based on Ramsar Criteria No. 1,2,3,4,5,6, and 8. The most significant
criterion being Criterion 1 i.e. the site is considered internationally important as it presents the
example of a natural inland wetland ecosystem. Some places are particularly important for
threatened species, or because large concentration of birds occur there, or unique species of
birds are found there, or these are the representative of distinct habitats. These are Important
Bird Area (IBAs).
Nara Desert as a wildlife sanctuary: Nara Desert Wildlife Sanctuary having four different
habitats viz. desert, agriculture areas, wetlands and human habitations. As many as 28 species
of mammals, 78 species of birds, 16 species of reptiles and 25 species of dominant flora have
been recorded during the present study. Chinkara, wolf, desert fox, marbled teal, houbara
bustard, grey partridge, imperial sand grouse and white-backed vulture are the key species of
the area. Three species of mammals of the area viz. striped hyaena, caracal and honly badger
are critically endangered while Indian wolf is endangered. Two species of birds are threatened

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viz. Indian white-beaked vulture and Houbara Bustard which are vulnerable. Breeding of red
wattled lapwing, white-tailed plover, black winged stilt and black headed myna was recorded
from the area during the present studies. The occurrence of large pied wagtail (Motacilla
maderaspatensis) and rock bunting (Emberiza cia) has been recorded from the sanctuary.
lizards and snakes are quite common in the area except short tailed toad, Agama, which are
rare, none of them is threatened. Twenty-five species of plants have been recorded from
NDWS, which are fairly common species in the marshy and desert areas of NDWS. The area
is also important for water birds due to a number of wetlands present in the NDWS.

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Figure 5-10: Deh Akro Wildlife Sanctuary (DAWS-II) Gazette

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Figure 5-11: Deh Akro Wildlife Sanctuary (DAWS-II) boundary

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Figure 5-12: Nara Game Reserve Gazette
Nara Game Reserve Boundary

Notifications

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Figure 5-13: Nara Game Reserve Boundary
Nara
Game
Reserve

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5.2.2 Habitats
Main There are four distinct habitats for wild animals in the study area consist of desert,
wetlands/dhands/Jamrao Canal, Agricultural fields and minor human settlements (villages).
▪ The desert area comprises of sand dunes, interdunal valleys, and scrub land. The Sand
dunes lie in the NS direction with interdunal valleys, rising to an elevation of 10-15m.
▪ There are more than 40 dhands in the sanctuary area adjacent to Jamrao Canal which
supplies water to the adjacent lands. These wetlands are very significant as they provide
refuge to the large concentrations of migratory water birds during the season and some
of them also support Marbled Teal and Marsh Crocodile.
▪ The agriculture fields are located in the south and SW of the project area. Crops of wheat
and mustard are generally grown in the season. This habitat is important for such species
as Grey Partridge, Black Partridge, Common and Jungle Babblers, Indian Myna, Indian
Roller ad Doves.
▪ There are minor human settlements in the wildlife sanctuary area. These support a
number of wildlife species accustomed to the nearabout of human habitations due to the
availability of food and water in the area.
List of Important Dhands/Wetland in Deh Akro-II Wildlife Scantuary
Sr.No. Dhand Name Sr.No. Dhand Name
1. Allahdinaywari 21. Kondo/kundha
2. Akanwaro 22. Kuranda
3. Bayranwaro 23. Khewaari
4. Barhowari 24. Loon Khan
5. Bolaahi 25. Leelan
6. Chhachh 26. Mureedwaro
7. Chhagri 27. Murakho
8. Drigh 28. Manrahakwari

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List of Important Dhands/Wetland in Deh Akro-II Wildlife Scantuary
Sr.No. Dhand Name Sr.No. Dhand Name
9. Danoho 29. Nanoho Chhimbh
10. Ganjo 30. Nandhi Sanhrhi
11. Gaarheewari 31. Naramwaro
12. Ghundanwari 32. Okarwari
13. Hadwaro 33. Paani waro
14. Huss Dhand 34. Salhedi
15. Jaansar 35. Taakar
16. Jambar 36. Waddi Sanhrhi
17. Khanwaro 37. Waddo Chhimbh
18. Kandiyaro 38. Wasoowari
19. Kinrho 39. Wayal
20. Kharorho 40. Yaaraywari
Source: Current Distribution and Status of the Wildlife of Deh Akro-II Wildlife Sanctuary, District
Shaheed Benazirabad, Sindh, Pakistan.
5.2.3 Flora
During field work for the EIA, many plant species were identified at random locations sampled
in main habitats within the project area. The area comprising the macroenvironment is on
alluvial plain. Accordingly, the flora comprises vegetation characteristic of an alluvial region.
In general, the native vegetation of the project area is xerophytic, sparse and of low economic
value. The primary natural influence on the vegetation is the low rainfall. Mostly the rainfall
is confined to the summer monsoon period and is also scanty and meagre. Due to climatic
factors, most species complete their life cycle during the rainy season. Most species of shrubs
also flower and set seeds during the same period. Plants shed their leaves in winter and remain
leafless during most of the year. Most shrubs branch profusely into dome shaped structures to
reduce water losses and help maintain a relatively lower temperature inside the domes. No

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endemic or rare species exist within the project area. All species have a wide range of
distribution.
Floral Species observed during the survey of project area

Life-
S. No. Plant Species Family Local Name Life-Span
Form
1 Abutilon indicum Malvaceae Pat Teer Shrub Perennial
2 Acacia nilotica Mimosaceae Sindhi Babur Tree Perennial
3 Achyranthes aspera Amaranthaceae Ubat Kandri Herb Annual
4 Aerva javanica Amaranthaceae Booh Sub-shrub Perennial
5 Albizia lebbeck Mimosaceae Sarianh Tree Perennial
6 Alhaji maurorum Fabaceae Kandero Sub-shrub Perennial
7 Azadirachta Indica Meliaceae Neem Tree Perennial
8 Calotropis procera Asclepiadaceae Ak Shrub Perennial
9 Capparis decidua Capparidaceae Kirar Shrub Perennial
10 Conyza canadensis Asteraceae Gidar Buti Herb Annual
11 Cynodon dactylon Poaceae Chhabar Grass Perennial
12 Cyperus rotundus Cyperaceae Kabah Segde Perennial

Gandheer
13 Dactyloctenium aegyptium Poaceae Grass Annual
Gaah
14 Dalbergia sisso Fabaceae Taari Tree Perennial
15 Desmostachya bippinata Poaceae Drabh Grass Perennial

Kanderi Bushy
16 Echinops echinatus Asteraceae Annual
Bhattar subshrub
17 Eclipta alba Asteraceae Daryi Booti Herb Annual
18 Euphorbia hirta Euphorbiaceae Kheer Wal Herb Annual

Bushy
19 Fagonia indica Zygophyllaceae Dramaaho Annual
subshrub
20 Launaea procumbens Asteraceae Bhattar Herb Perennial
21 Leptadenia pyrotechnica Asclepiadaceae Khip Shrub Perennial

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Floral Species observed during the survey of project area

Life-
S. No. Plant Species Family Local Name Life-Span
Form
Dhoor
22 Limeum indicum Aizoaceae Herb Annual
Chhapri
Prostrate
23 Mukia maderaspatana Cucurbitaceae Chabur Wal Annual
herb
Climbing
24 Oxystelma esculentum Asclepiadaceae Phuli Perennial
Shrub
25 Phragmites karka Poaceae Nar/Naro Grass Perennial
26 Phyla nodiflora Verbenacea Bukkan Herb Annual
27 Prosopis cineraria Mimosaceae Kandi Tree Perennial
28 Prosopis glandulosa Mimosaceae Tree Perennial
29 Prosopis juliflora Mimosaceae Devi Shrub Perennial
30 Saccharum bengalense Poaceae Booro Grass Perennial
31 Saccharum spontaneum Poaceae Booro/Munian Grass Perennial
32 Salvadora persica Salvadoraceae Jar/Peroon Shrub Perennial

Semi-
33 Saueda fruticosa Chenopodiaceae Lani Sub-shrub
perennial
34 Setaria pumila Poaceae Sawri Grass Annual
35 Solanum nigrum Solanaceae Kanwal Buti Herb Annual
36 Solanum surattense Solanaceae Kanderi Wal Sub-shrub Annual
37 Tamarix dioca Tamaricaceae Lai dhadhi Tree Perennial
38 Tamarix indica Tamaricaceae Lai Shrub Perennial
39 Typha domingensis Typhacea Pam Shrub Perennial
40 Typha elephantina Typhacea Pan Shrub Perennial
41 Withania somnifera Solanaceae Akri Shrub Perennial
42 Xanthium indicum Asteraceae Bhurt Shrub Annual
43 Zizyphus nummularia Rhamnaceae Jhangoori Ber Shrub Perennial

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Experts Survey in the Project area near Nara

Canal

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Figure 5-14: Floral Species along Project Corridor
Saccharum spontaneum Capparis decidua
Acacia nilotica Salvadora persica

5.2.4 Faunal Attributes of the Project Area
Birds
The important species include Grey Partridge, Black Partridge, Common and Jungle Babblers,
Indian Myna, Indian Roller and Doves. The most important avian species of the project area
is Marbled teal which breeds in Deh Akro-II Desert Wetland Complex. The agriculture area
provides food and refuge to species of birds which have adapted to the human settlements.
These include common and bank myna, doves, black drongo, Indian roller, and cattle egret.
The common birds of the area are black drongo, blue rock pigeon, cattle egret, common
babbler, Indian moorhen, common and bank myna, crested lark, desert lark, great grey shrike,
hoopoe, house crow, house sparrow, Indian roller, and Indian pond heron. Other common
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birds of the area are black and grey partridges, pied and white breasted kingfisher, and cattle
egret, collard and little brown dove, white cheeked and red vented bulbul.
Mammals
Although the status of large mammals especially ungulates and carnivores has declined over
the past decades due to increase in human and livestock population, habitat deterioration,
hunting and other ecological changes taking place, however, some patches of project area still
provide habitat to a number of key species. Small mammals are quite abundant in the project
area where suitable environment is available. List of mammals observed/reported in the
project area is shown in Table. During field work for the EIA conducted, 12 species of
mammals were recorded from the project area.
List of Mammalian Species in Project Area
S. No Order Family Scientific Name Common Name
1 Insectovora Erinaceidae Hemiechinus auritus Long-eared Hedgehog
2 Carnivora Canidae Canis aureus Asiatic Jackal
3 Carnivora Canidae Vulpes Vulpes Desert Fox
4 Carnivora Herpestidae Herpestes auropunctata Small Indian Mongoose
5 Carnivora Felidae Felis silvestris Desert Cat
6 Lagomorpha Leporidae Lepus nigricollis Indian Hare/Desert Hare

Five-striped Palm
7 Rodentia Sciuridae Funambulus pennant
Squirrel
Indian Crested
8 Rodentia Hystricidae Hystrix Indica
Porcupine
9 Rodentia Muridae Mus musculus House Mouse
10 Rodentia Muridae Meriones hurrianae Indian Desert Gerbil
11 Rodentia Muridae Tatera Indica Indian Gerbil
12 Rodentia Muridae Nesokia Indica Short-tailed Mole Rat
Reptiles
A total of 14 reptile species were recorded/reported in the project area during the field visit for
the EIA. The desert provides a favorable habitat for many reptile species especially the Indian
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sand swimmer, Indian fringe toed sand lizard and Desert monitor. The desert monitor and
Indian spiny tailed lizard inhabit mostly the desert areas while the Indian monitor was found
in areas close to the dhands. Most important reptile of the project area is Marsh crocodile
which was recorded at 12 different locations/dhands of Deh Akro-II Desert Wetland Complex.
This critically endangered species is protected under the SWPO. The important snakes
recorded from the project area are Saw-scaled viper, Indian cobra, and Indian krait. These all
are highly poisonous snakes. The nonpoisonous snakes include Brahminy blind snake, Glossy
bellied racer, and Pakistan ribbon snake. These are protected under the SWPO. Out of total 14
recorded species, 6 are protected under the SWPO, one, Marsh crocodile is on IUCN Red List
and 5 are on CITES appendices making them important.
List of Mammalian Reptiles in Project Area
S. No Order Family Scientific Name Common Name
1 Chelonia Emydidae Geoclemys Hamiltonii Spotted Pond Turtle
2 Crocodilia Crocodylidae Crocodylus palustris Marsh Crocodile (Mugger)
3 Squamata Agamidae Agamus agilis Brilliant Agama
4 Squamata Gekkonidae Crossobamon oientalis Sindh Sand Gecko

Acanthodactylus Indian fringe-toed Sand
5 Squamata Lacertidae
cantoris Lizard
6 Squamata Scincidae Ophiomorus tridactylus Indian Sand Swimmer
7 Squamata Varanidae Varanus bengalensis Indian Monitor
8 Squamata Boidae Eryx johnii Indian Sand Boa
9 Squamata Viperidae Echis carinatus Saw-scaled Viper

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Experts Survey in the Project area

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Figure 5-15: Observed Birds & Animals of Project Area
Black Winged Stilt Common Babbler
Crested Lark White Cheeked Bulbul

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Figure 5-16: Wildlife Specialist Survey in the Project Area

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5.3 Socio-economic Environment
5.3.1 Methodology
Random Sampling Survey techniques were used to collect data in the project area. The
sampling locations were carefully selected for true representation of the project area. Specific
tools were used to conduct the study included informal group interviews, focus group
discussions, need assessment, participant observation, secondary data review, village meetings
and social mapping. At some places, key informants and community activists were used as the
main instruments for data collection. Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted to
assess the socioeconomic conditions, concerns and problems of the communities. Secondary
data were also collected from different Government organization working in the study area.
5.3.2 History
Sanghar: District Sanghar has been an important administrative unit that played an important
role in the economy, trade and history of eastern Sindh. The Britain contributed in a number
of ways towards the development of Sindh. The province was divided into different
administrative units and assigned to Zamindars (landlords) to collect taxes for the British
government. The British government developed these areas as urban centers. Consequently,
people migrated from other districts and provinces as well and started to reside here. The
British named these small developed areas as "Talukas". To crush the Hur Tehrik, the British
government established Sanghar as district Headquarters. Sanghar was declared a district
again in 1954 and its headquarters was finally established in Sanghar city.
Khairpur: The princely state of Khairpur was recognized in 1832 by the British, who allowed
it to retain its political existence after the British annexation of Sindh in 1843. In 1947, when
Pakistan gained independence, Khairpur was one of the princely states that opted to join
Pakistan. In 1955, the Government of Pakistan announced the abolition of all the princely
states and Khairpur was annexed into the then province of West Pakistan.
Shaheed Benazirabad: Shaheed Benazirabad district was formerly known as Nawabshah

district. It was renamed in April 2008 after the assassination of Benazir Bhutto (a reputed
national political leader and Chairperson of Pakistan People’s Party). The British Empire

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named this taluka after the name of a migrator, Syed Nawab Shah, which was initially called
Nawabshah town, and then developed as Nawabshah taluka and finally it was upgraded to the
status of Nawabshah district in 1912. Seven Talukas were included in this district, namely:
Kandiaro, Nausheroferoze, Moro, Sakrand, Nawabshah, Sanjhoro and Shahdadpur.
5.3.3 Geography
Sanghar: District Sanghar lies in 680˚ 28” 18’ to 700˚ 12” 49’ east longitudes and 250˚ 29”
42’ to 260˚ 28” 1’ north latitudes. This district is bounded by Indian state of Rajhistan on the
east, district Khairpur and Shaheed Benazirabad on the north, district Matiari and Tando
Allahyar on the west, and district Umerkot and Mirpur Khas on the south.
Khairpur: Khairpur district is located in north-eastern Sindh and is bounded on the north by
Shikarpur and Sukkur, on the east by India, on the south by Sanghar and Shaheed Benzeerabad
and on the west by Larkana and Noshero Feroz. The district lies from 680˚ 10’ to 700˚ 10’
east longitude and 260 ˚ 9’ to 270 ˚ 42’ north Latitude.
Shaheed Benazirabad: The district lies in 67˚ 52” to 68 ˚ 27” 2’ east longitudes to 25˚ 59” to
26 ˚ 38” 5’ north latitudes. The district is bounded by district Khairpur and Sanghar on the
east, district Jamshoro on the west, district Khairpur and Naushehro Feroze on the north and
district Matiari on the south.
5.3.4 Culture (Ethnicity, Religion and Politics)
These districts possess a rich traditional Sindhi culture. Women usually wear Shalwar Qameez
but quite often dress in the traditional attire, Ghaghra or Parro as well. Traditionally, women
wear bangles. Men usually wear a Shalwar Qameez distinguished by broader bottoms, and a
traditional Sindhi style cap.
Rali making is also a notable part of Sindhi culture, not only as an economic activity but also
a tradition for women in the area, Rali is traditional apparel used as a mat or quilt. The upper
part of rali is a combination of bright colored square clothes sown together to form various
floral and geometrical patterns. A simple rali takes about 1.5-2 months to prepare. Rali is an
essential feature of a girl’s dowry, so a girl starts learning the art of rali making from the age
of 6-8 years. Ghagho or Cholo is another piece of art.

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People of these districts are pre-dominantly Sindhi speaking but Urdu, Punjabi and Balochi
are also spoken in the district. Islam is the major religion of these districts as majority of the
population is Muslim followed by Hindus and Christians.
5.3.5 Administrative Division
Sanghar: District Sanghar has its district headquarters at Sanghar city. This district has six
talukas, named: Sanghar, Sinjhoro, Khipro, Shahdadpur, Tando Adam and Jam Nawaz Ali. It
has 55 union councils and 362 mouzas (revenue village). Out of these mouzas, 335 are rural,
6 are urban, 20 are partly urban and one consists of forests.
Kanungo Patwar Number of Mouzas

Sanghar Circles / Circles
Un-populated
Partly Urban
Supervisory / Tapas
Tapas
Urban
Forest
Rural
Total
Sanghar District 16 108 362 335 6 20 1 -
Sanghar Taluka 3 22 69 65 2 2 - -
Sinjhoro Taluka 3 21 88 81 2 5 - -
Khipro Taluka 3 21 78 73 2 2 1 -
Shahdadpur Taluka 3 20 47 42 - 5 - -
Tando Adam Taluka 2 13 28 25 - 3 - -
Jam Nawaz Ali 2 11 52 49 - 3 - -

Taluka
Source: Mouza Statistics of Sindh 2008, Agriculture Census Organization

Khairpur: District Khairpur consists of eight talukas spread over 6,800 villages. There is a
total of 76 union councils, out of which 15 are urban and 61 are rural union councils5. There
is a, total of 411 mouzas, out of which 365 are rural, 22 are urban, 4 are partly urban and 8 are
forest mouzas.

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Kanungo Patwar Number of Mouzas

Khairpur Circles / Circles
Un-populated
Partly Urban
Supervisory / Tapas
Tapas
Urban
Forest
Rural
Total
Khairpur Taluka 2 13 46 38 4 4 - -
Gambat Taluka 2 11 50 45 4 1 - -
Kingri Taluka 2 11 46 45 - - 1 -
Sobodero Taluka 2 12 44 37 7 - - -
Kot Digi Taluka 3 14 53 45 5 3 - -
Nara Taluka 1 3 58 47 - - 7 4
Thari Mirwah 2 18 55 51 1 3 - -
Taluka
Faiz Gang Taluka 2 17 59 57 1 1 - -

Shaheed Benazirabad: This district has four talukas named Nawabshah, Sakrand, Kazi Ahmad
and Daur. It has 51 union councils and 321 mouzas (revenue village). Out of the total mouzas,
291 are rural mouzas, 10 are urban, 14 are partly urban, 4 are forests and two mouzas are un-
populated.

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Shaheed Kanungo Patwar Number of Mouzas

Benazirabad Circles / Circles
Un-populated
Partly Urban
Supervisory / Tapas
Tapas
Urban
Forest
Rural
Total
Shaheed 8 91 321 291 10 14 4 2
Benazirabad
District
Nawabshah Taluka 1 13 51 44 3 4 - -
Sakrand Taluka 2 18 63 57 1 1 3 1
Kazi Ahmad Taluka 3 27 64 56 2 4 1 1
Daur Taluka 2 33 143 134 4 5 - -

5.3.6 Irrigation
Sanghar: Irrigation is done mostly through canals and tube wells. Out of the 355 rural mouzas,
354 have canal irrigation and 144 have tube wells as well.
Khairpur: Agriculture, in Khairpur, mainly depends upon canal irrigation. However, other
modes of land irrigation like river water and tube wells are also used. Out of 377 rural mouzas,
355 (94%) are irrigated with the help of canals. Tube well Irrigation is also common in 101
mouzas, which constitutes 27% of the total rural irrigated mouzas. Moreover, river irrigation
is also used in 21% of the total mouzas.
Shaheed Benazirbad: Majority of the mouzas are irrigated with canals followed by the tube
wells and river. Out of the 305 rural mouzas, 287 (94%) are irrigated with the help of canals
and 194 (64%) are irrigated through tube wells.

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2009-2010
Irrigation Type Sanghar Khairpur Shaheed Benazirabad
Canal 248,726 171,814 129,782
Tube well 1,926 27,967 13,013
Total irrigated Area 520,652 199,781 142,795
Un-irrigated 11,480 8,602 10,771
Total Sown Area 262,135 208,383 153,566

Source: Sindh Development Statistics 2011
5.3.7 Population Characteristics
Sanghar: The total population of the Sanghar district is 2,057,057 according to Census 2017.
The population of the Sanghar includes 71.39% rural and 28.61% urban population. The
population of Male, Female and Transgender is 1,064,484, 992,509 and 64 respectively.
Khairpur: The total population of the Khairpur district is 2,405,523 according to Census 2017.
The population of the Khairpur includes 67.7% rural and 32.3% urban population. The
population of Male, Female and Transgender is 1240424, 1163806 and 104 respectively.
Shaheed Benazirbad: The total population of the Shaheed Benazirbad district is 1,612,847
according to Census 2017. The population of the Shaheed Benazirabad includes 69.7% rural
and 30.3% urban population. The population of Male, Female and Transgender is 833,935,
778,883 and 29 respectively.
5.3.8 Livelihood
Sanghar: Main Sources of Livelihood/Income Since district Sanghar is an agro-based rural

district where 77% of the population reside in the rural areas, the sources of livelihood are less
diversified for the resident population. While agriculture is the main source of employment
for the rural population, in the urban areas of the district people are engaged in various other
economic activities like trade, services, personal business, and government and private jobs.

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Personal Overseas
Gender Qualification Service Agriculture Trade Industry Labour
Business Employment
Mostly 3 263 1 - 3 - 30
Male Some 257 84 103 35 201 39 311
None 95 8 251 320 151 316 14
Mostly - 134 - - 1 1 69
Female Some 141 97 11 13 91 18 252
None 214 124 344 342 263 336 34
Source: Mouza Statistics of Sindh: 2008, Agriculture Census Organization
Khairpur:
Personal Overseas
Business Employment
Mostly 9 160 1 - 40 3 94
Male Some 315 193 118 60 217 44 247

None 53 24 258 317 120 330 36
Mostly 9 67 - 1 37 5 103
Female Some 176 759 13 13 73 14 209
None 192 151 364 363 267 358 65
Shaheed Benazirabad:
Personal Overseas
Business Employment
Mostly 3 250 - - 1 2 37
Male Some 229 29 29 7 173 25 187
None 73 26 276 298 131 278 81

Mostly - 86 - 1 2 - 64
Female Some 63 95 3 2 32 2 153
None 242 124 302 302 271 303 88

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The categories under which these mouzas have reported against different livelihood sources
are:
▪ Mostly: population of 50 percent and above
▪ Some: population between 1 percent and 50 percent
▪ None: less than or equal to 1 percent
5.3.9 Agriculture
Agriculture sector plays a significant role in the overall economic performance of Pakistan.
Currently, this sector provides employment opportunities to 45% of the labor force in Pakistan.
This sector provides sources of livelihood to 60% of the population in the rural areas.
Agriculture contributes 19.3% to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Pakistan.
Sanghar Khairpur S.Benazirabad
Reported Area 1018 1574 451
Total 404 266 380

Cultivated Area
Net Sown 220 188 162
Current Fallow 184 78 218
Total 614 1308 71

Un-cultivated Area
Culturable Waste 196 28 6
Forest 9 18 26
Not available for cultivation 409 1262 39
Source: Development Statistics of Sindh 2018.

5.3.10 Industry
Sanghar: District Sanghar has agriculture related industries ranging from sugar mill, textile
looms, to ginning factories. Sanghar Sugar Mill, textile looms in Tando Adam, cotton ginning
factories in towns are the source of employments for residents of district Sanghar. In the census

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of manufacturing industries 2001, 39 industrial units have been reported as working in this
district. These industries provide, on an average, daily employment to 3,628 people.
Khairpur: Khairpur trades in wheat, cotton, and dates and is linked by road and rail to Karachi.
Date is the main source of Khairpur’s revenue, but due to lack of industrial zone, its market
price is very low and the producer does not cover his production cost. No major industry has
been reported in this district. However, small scale and cottage industry are there in the district.
The government of Sindh has announced the project of establishment of Khairpur Special
Economic Zone (KSEZ), which will be provided with all the required amenities. This special
zone is being developed as a future hub for agro-processing and related industries on a location
strategically positioned for proximity to date growing areas, transportation links, and access
to labour.
Shaheed Benazirabad: Shaheed Benazirabad has industries pertaining to the agriculture sector.
Famous among these are the sugar mills in this district as sugarcane is cultivated on large scale
in this district. In the census of manufacturing industries 2000-01, 27 industries were reported
in this district with a total asset value of 2.3 billion rupees in that year. These industries
reported a daily employment of 3,404 persons in 2000-01.
5.3.11 Livestock
Livestock sector maintains a unique position within the agriculture sector of Pakistan. It
contributes 60.56% to the value addition in agriculture sector of Pakistan. It also contributes
11.69% to the GDP of Pakistan. Besides, this sector provides foreign earnings, dairy products’
needs, food security and daily cash income to the people of Pakistan. The share of Sindh
province in livestock population of Pakistan is 20%. Livestock is one of the major sub-sectors
of agriculture and backbone of Pakistan’s economy. It not only provides rich food such as
meat, milk, eggs, poultry meat, but also produces essential raw material such as manure, offal,
trotters, hides and skins, wool and blood for various kinds of industries.

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Population
Livestock
Shaheed
Sanghar Khairpur
Benazirabad
Cattle 370,235 493,427 339,188
Buffalo 323,543 527,875 390,259
Sheep 83,579 109,174 101,810
Goat 696,584 900,463 877,509
Camel 6,406 18,229 4,577
Horse 1,600 2,884 3,527
Mule 989 1,203 329
Ass 45,818 44,341 42,424
Domestic Poultry 473,343 1,449,101 863,147
Source: Livestock Census 2006

5.3.12 Health Facilities
Sanghar: The total number of health facilities in district Sanghar is 89. There is only one
District headquarter hospital with a capacity of 200 beds. These health facilities are not
sufficient for the estimated population of the district.
Khairpur: The present infrastructure of healthcare in the district is not sufficient for the entire
district. The total number of health facilities in district Khairpur is 151. There is one hospital
and one teaching hospital. These health facilities are not sufficient for the estimated population
of the district.
Shaheed Benazirabad: According to Health Facility Assessment, District Shaheed

Benazirabad 2012, total health facilities in district Shaheed Benazirabad are 101. There is only
one hospital in taluka Sakrand. These health facilities are sufficient for only 34.8% of the
estimated 2014 population of the district

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Type Sanghar Khairpur Shaheed Benazirabad
Number Beds Number Beds Number Beds
Teaching Hospitals 0 0 1 300 1 875
DHQ’s 1 200 0 0 0 0
THQ’s 3 102 1 44 1 30
Rural Health Centres 6 48 11 164 9 65
Basic Health Units 58 116 81 - 36 72
Govt. Rural Dispensaries 20 - 45 - 39 -
MCH Centres 1 - 11 - 15 -
Sub Health Centres 0 - 0 - 0 -
Grand Total 89 466 151 508 101 1042
Source: Development Statistics of Sindh 2018.

5.3.13 Education
Sanghar: There are total of 17 higher secondary schools in the district. Total enrollment at the
higher secondary level is 18,778 (Boys: 12,190 and Girls: 6,588). The total number of teachers
at the higher secondary level is 487, out of which male teachers are 336 and female teachers
are 151. Thus, on an average, each higher secondary school has an enrolment of 1,105 students
with a teaching staff of 29. However, the student class ratio is 111 and each school has
averagely around 10 class rooms.
Khairpur: There is a total of 17 higher secondary schools. The total enrolment at the higher
secondary level is 26,633, out of which 19,921 are boys’ enrollment and 6,712 are girls’ total
enrolment. The total number of teachers at the higher secondary level is 677, out of which 570
are male teachers and 107 female teachers. Thus, on an average, each higher secondary school
has an enrolment of 1,268 students with a teaching staff of 32. However, the student class ratio
is 62 and each school has averagely around 15 class rooms.

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Shaheed Benazirabad: There is a total of 12 higher secondary schools in the district. Total
enrollment at the higher secondary level is 16,566 (Boys: 11,699 and Girls: 4,867). The total
number of teachers at the higher secondary level is 295, out of which 241 are male teachers
and 54 are female teachers. Thus, on an average, each higher secondary school has an
enrolment of 1,381 students with a teaching staff of 25. However, the student class ratio is 96
and each school has averagely around 14 class rooms.

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CHAPTER – 06
STAKEHOLDERS
CONSULTATION
6. Stakeholders Consultation
Stakeholders are peoples or group of people who are somehow get affected by a project, as
well as those who may have interests in a project and/or the ability to influence its outcome,
either positively or negatively. Stakeholders may include locally affected communities or
individuals and their formal and informal representatives, national or local government
authorities, politicians, religious leaders, civil society organizations and groups with special
interest, the academic community, or other businesses.
The participation of project stakeholders in project planning, designing and implementation

is now universally recognized as an integral part of environmental impact assessment. The
Sindh Environmental Protection Act 2014 (Section 17 (3)) highlights that: “Every review of
an environmental impact assessment shall be carried out with public participation”.
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in 1992 endorsed

the process of stakeholder participation and consultation as one of the key documents of the
conference-Agenda 21. Agenda 21 is a comprehensive strategy for global action on
sustainable development and deals with issues regarding human interaction with the
environment. It emphasizes the role of public participation in environmental decision-making
for the achievement of sustainable development.
Stakeholder consultation is a continuous process that does not stop with the submission or
approval of the EIA but continues into the project execution stage by involving communities
and all other stakeholders’ values, recognizing the stakeholder’s right to inform about the
project, as well as their right to voice their views and concerns. In keeping with this belief,
consultations were conducted in the project area not only to satisfy the legal requirements of
the EIA process in Pakistan but also to improve and enhance the social and environmental
design of the project.
This section of the report outlines the stakeholder consultation approach adopted for this EIA
study, identifies the concerned groups of stakeholders, and describes the consultation process
carried out as part of this study.
Stakeholders Consultation
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6.1. Objectives of Stakeholders Consultation
The overall objectives of the proposed project were as follows:
▪ To provide information related to proposed project activities to stakeholders;
▪ To facilitate and maintain dialogue and gain the consent of all stakeholders on carrying
out project activities in the area;
▪ To seek participation of all interested parties and identify stakeholder interests and
issues;
▪ To create solutions for addressing these concerns and integrating them into project
design, operations, and management;
▪ To enhance the project by learning from, and incorporating, the expertise of individuals,
professionals, communities and organizations; and to encourage transparency and
inculcate trust among various stakeholders to promote cooperation and partnership with
the communities, local leadership, and NGOs;
6.2. Identification of Stakeholders

The identification of stakeholder is important for the sustainability of a development project.
Stakeholder will be identified as the people who may directly or indirectly affected by the
project activities. This will be helpful in predication and assessment of project impacts at an
early stage; and accordingly appropriate mitigation measures can be suggested. The
stakeholders that are likely to be influenced by the project activities or would like to participate
in the project will include the following:
▪ Communities in the project or surrounding area;
▪ Institutional Stakeholders;
▪ Community Based Organizations;
6.3. Classification of Stakeholders

Stakeholders can be classified as primary and secondary stakeholders depending on the
influence of the project activities on them. The individuals and organizations that may be
directly affected by project activities have been termed as Primary Stakeholders. The term
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secondary stakeholders refer to individuals and organizations that will not be directly affected
by project implementation, but that do have an influence on, or an interest in, the area. Primary
stakeholders were limited to affected persons, local communities and local government
functionaries. The Secondary stakeholders mainly included national as well as international
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), government representatives and regulators, and
other such organizations. The public consultation process and the outcomes presented in this
section cover both the primary and secondary stakeholders.
List of stakeholders being identified and consulted is given as
▪ Chief Conservator of Sindh Wildlife Department
▪ Deputy Conservator of Sindh Wildlife Department for Shaheed Benazirabad District
▪ Divisional Forest officer for Shaheed Benazirabad District
▪ Deputy/Assistant Director Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Sukkur
▪ Local residents
▪ Shop owners
▪ Farmers
▪ Small Scale business persons
6.4. Methodology for Stakeholder Consultation

Stakeholder consultation is a two-way flow of information and dialogue between the project
proponent and stakeholders, specifically aimed at developing ideas that can help shape project
design, resolve conflicts at an early stage assist in implementing solutions and monitor
ongoing activities. Various techniques are used worldwide to carry out the stakeholder
consultation that includes discussions, meetings and field visits. Both primary and secondary
stakeholders were extensively consulted during the consultation process.
6.4.1. Primary Stakeholders

Concerns of the primary stakeholders of the proposed project were solicited and collected in
the following manner;
▪ A field visit was arranged to contact the communities in and around the project area.
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▪ A meeting(s) was arranged with those government functionaries who were directly
influenced by project activities; and the physical area of the project falls directly under
their jurisdiction. The EIA study area falls in the wildlife sanctuaries; therefore, Sindh
Wildlife Department (SWD) has been identified as main government functionary and
consulted.
▪ A brief description of the project was provided verbally to the stakeholders. Map was
also shown in detail for better understanding of the project area. They were asked to
express their concerns regarding the proposed project.
▪ Concerns, complaints and suggestions were recorded in the written form.
▪ Field visits were also arranged accompanied by the representative of SWD.
6.4.2. Secondary Stakeholders

Concerns of the secondary stakeholders of the proposed project were solicited and collected
in the following manner;
▪ Meetings were arranged with the secondary stakeholders e.g. other government
departments, in order to obtain their concerns.
▪ A brief description of the proposed project was provided verbally. Map was also shown
in detail for better understanding of the project area. They were asked to express their
concerns regarding the proposed project.
▪ Concerns, complaints and suggestions were recorded in the written form.
6.5. Institutional Stakeholder Consultation

All the stakeholders were given maximum project information verbally and were shown map
of the area in detail. Their concerns and suggestions were heard which are reproduced below.
6.5.1. Conservator Sindh Wildlife Department – Mr. Javed Maher

As stated earlier, the project area falls within Deh Akro-II wildlife sanctuary and nara canal
desert, a designated wildlife sanctuary governed by the regulations laid out in the Sindh
Wildlife Protection Ordinance, 1972, and managed by the SWD. The SWD is, therefore, a
key stakeholder and was included in the consultation process. SGS team met with Conservator
Wildlife Sindh Mr. Javed Mehar. The project and the activities involved were explained to
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him with the help of map and described the proposed project location falls in the Deh Akro -
II Wildlife Sanctuary area and Nara Canal desert area. Their views and recommendations were
sought in the analysis of impacts and development of mitigation measures. He expressed some
concerns and suggested following actions, which are discussed below;
▪ Sindh Wildlife Act and its regulations will be strictly followed during the project;
▪ Sindh wildlife will be taken on board before starting any seismic activity in the project
area;
▪ All approvals as per Sindh Wildlife Act shall be taken from the Sindh Wildlife
department before initiating any seismic activity;
▪ Seismic activities should be carried out carefully to avoid any disturbance to the
wildlife;
▪ All mitigation measures suggested in the EIA should be followed very strictly;
▪ Independent Monitoring Consultants (IMC) should monitor the activities during the
execution of the project and report EMP non-conformances to SEPA;
6.5.2. Deputy Conservator Sindh Wildlife Department – (Shaheed Benazirabad

District) – Mr. Riaz
The next meeting was also held with Mr. Riaz the Deputy Conservator of Sindh Wildlife
Department (Shaheed Benazirabad). We briefed him the proposed seismic activities and
location of proposed project area and discussed the project activities falling in Deh Akro-II
Wildlife Sanctuary area in district Shaheed Benazirbad.
The following were the comments and suggestions raised by Deputy Conservator Sindh
Wildlife Department;
▪ Carry out consultation with wildlife department before start activities in dhanhs/lakes
area;
▪ While operation, OGDCL shall take care of the wildlife and forest vegetation;
▪ OGDCL will take all mitigation measures during the seismic activities;
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▪ Hunting & Shooting will be strictly prohibited, if any incident occur strict actions will
be taken by the department;
▪ This is an essential project in our energy scarce country and shall be executed after
completion of all required formalities and with the proper compliance of rules and
regulations.
6.5.3. Sindh Environmental Protection Agency (Sukkur)

Sindh Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) Sukkur was visited to discuss the proposed
project. SGS met with Deputy Director (Public Awareness) Sukkur Mr. Asadullah and
Assistant Director (Technical) Mr. Mir Mureed Ali at EPA Sukkur office.
During the meeting, the SGS team briefed them regarding the proposed operation, its location
and the environmental issues pertaining to the proposed exploration activities.
They showed great interest in the briefings and discussions and provided very valuable
suggestions mentioned below.
▪ All mitigation measures will be strictly adapted by the proponent;
▪ Efficient technology should be used for seismic operations to avoid any land
disturbance in the project area
▪ Wildlife of the project area should be documented with great care.
▪ Care should be taken during project activities to minimize the impacts on wildlife and
floral species.
▪ Independent Monitoring Consultants should be hired in order to monitor the project

activities and compliance of EMP.
6.5.4. Deputy Conservator Sindh Forest Department – (Shaheed Benazirabad District)

The project and the activities involved were explained to him and discussed the major area
falls in the Deh Akro Wildlife Sanctuary (DAWS) -II. Their views and recommendations were
sought in the analysis of impacts and development of mitigation measures.
▪ Efficient technology should be used for seismic operations to avoid any land
disturbance in the project area
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▪ Invasive species should be preferred for re-plantation in the project area.
▪ He supported development activities, however he emphasized that development

projects should follow the principle of sustainable development with true spirit.
▪ As the data pertaining to the area is limited, therefore physical, biological and
socioeconomic aspects of the project area should be appropriately covered in detail in
the report.
▪ Independent Monitoring Consultants (IMC) should monitor the activities during the
execution of the project and report EMP non-conformances to SEPA.
6.6. Response of Pubic Consultation

Communities were consulted during informal and formal meetings held in the project area.
The consultation process was carried out in the Sindhi language. The socioeconomic team,
assisted by sociologist initiated the sessions. During these meetings a simple, non-technical
and pictorial description of the project was given, with an overview of the project’s likely
positive and negative impacts. This was followed by an open discussion allowing participants
to voice their concerns and opinions. The feedback and immediate needs were also identified
and documented during the consultation. This process enable consultant to reach out to a wider
segment of the population of the area.
Participants were given a brief introduction to the project and the objectives of the meeting.
After listening to a description of various elements of the project—the campsite, construction
of access tracks & seismic activities—aided by picture and maps, participants were asked to
voice their perceptions of the company and provide feedback on past project activities, if any
had been conducted in the area. Their feedback regarding specific issues was particularly
solicited and suggestions for potential mitigation measures discussed and documented. A list
of selected questions was used to guide these discussions.
As their employment rate is drastically low so they expect some chance of employment for
their young children.
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6.6.1. Village Mathio Khan Wasan
The major concerns/ suggestions/ remarks regarding the seismic activities related to this
project with the village were as follows:
▪ They appreciated the project activities as it is in benefit of country development.
▪ They are very happy that OGDCL is conducting this activity because and expecting
prosperity in future. They are expecting to get job opportunities and similar other
benefits.
▪ They asked the project activities will not disturb their routine life as it will be carried
out a far distance from their village.
▪ They are welcoming the OGDCL for the upcoming project activities.
▪ They asked no hospitals, schools and other amenities in the village, so OGDCL should
provide some facilities for the development of these areas.
6.6.2. Village Lemo Khan

▪ They are very happy that OGDCL has decided to carry out seismic activity; they expect
that the development will help us provide health facilities and young people will get
employment opportunities.
▪ OGDCL is most welcome to come here and perform their activities with taking proper
measures.
▪ They demanded for the jobs during the project activities and asked for cultural norms.
Moreover their concerns are for the driving speed because it could be dangerous for
their livestock
6.6.3. Village Habibullah Khaskeli

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▪ The seismic activities conducted here in the past for survey and it was a great
experience.
▪ They are expecting the upcoming company will take care out cultural norms.
▪ OGDCL is most welcome to come here and perform their Seismic activity and they
must carry out these activities here.
▪ As they are suffering from the electricity shortage, they want OGDCL to provide solar
panels to their village
6.6.4. Village Nihal Khaskheli

experience.
▪ They are expecting to generate employment from this project.
6.6.5. Village Allah Buxsh

▪ They don’t have any issue regarding the seismic activities in Khewari & Bitrism Block
▪ They are very happy that OGDCL is conducting this exploration activity and OGDCL
is most welcome to come and work here.
▪ They are expecting the jobs and asked Seismic company should respect their cultural
norms.
6.6.6. Village Alawario Mangwano

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▪ They want jobs in the project.
▪ They are expecting the jobs and asked Seismic company should respect their cultural
norms.
6.6.7. Village Haji Yosuf Dehri

The major concerns/ suggestions/ remarks regarding the seismic – exploration activities
related to this project with the village were as follows:
▪ They appreciated the project activities as it is in benefit of country development.
▪ They are very happy that OGDCL is conducting this activity because and expecting
prosperity in future. They are expecting to get job opportunities and similar other
benefits.
▪ They asked the project activities will not disturb their routine life as it will be carried
out a far distance from their village.
▪ They are welcoming the OGDCL for the upcoming project activities.
▪ They asked no hospitals, schools and other amenities in the village, so OGDCL should
do something for the development of these.
▪ They offered their otak for setting up the basecamp of Seismic rig and willing to work
with proponent.
6.6.8. Village Kalhori

The major concerns/ suggestions/ remarks regarding the Seismic – exploration activities
related to this project with the village were as follows:
▪ They are very happy that OGDCL has decided to conduct Seismic activity; they expect
that the development will help us provide health facilities and young people will get
employment opportunities.
▪ OGDCL is most welcome to come here and perform their activities with taking proper
measures.
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▪ They demanded for the jobs during the project activities and asked for cultural norms.
Moreover their concerns are for the driving speed because it could be dangerous for
their livestock.
6.6.9. Village Khan Muhammad

The major concerns/ suggestions/ remarks regarding the Seismic activities related to this
experience.
▪ The only concern that they have regarding the establishment of well here is that when
waste gases are flared, smell of sulfur becomes a nuisance for the locals. They think it
is bad for health as well as for environment.
6.6.10. Village Miran Dad

The major concerns/ suggestions/ remarks regarding the Seismic activities related to this
▪ They don’t have any issue regarding the activities of seismic in their area.
▪ They are expecting the jobs and asked seismic company should respect their cultural
norms.
▪ They are expecting cooperation in the installation of solar panels in their village
▪ They are happy with the upcoming Seismic activities in their nearby wildlife area and
told us that company had conducted survey in last year.
▪ They asked to avoid activities during night timing.
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Figure 6-1 : Stakeholder Consultation
Consultation Meetings held at Sindh Wildlife Department Sindh (Karachi)
6-12
Consultation Meetings held at Sindh Wildlife Department Sindh (Shaheed Benazirabad)
Consultation Meetings held at Sindh Environmental Protection Agency (Sukkur)
6-13
Consultation Meetings with Villagers in the Project Area
6-14
SGS representative site visited with SWD representatives
6-15
CHAPTER – 07
IMPACT PREDICTION,
EVALUATION AND
MITIGATION MEASURES
7. Impact Prediction, Evaluation and Mitigation Measures
This chapter discusses the potential environmental and social impacts of the proposed activities,
predicts the magnitude of the impact and assesses the significance. The proposed mitigation
measures to minimize adverse impacts, resulting residual impacts of the project and environmental
management plan (EMP) are discussed in the next chapter.
The discussion of the environmental and socioeconomic impacts is then organized in the following
manner:
Impacts Associated with Proposed Project Activities
▪ Environmental Impact
▪ Socioeconomic Impact
7.1 Identification of Potential Impacts

In the first step, potential impacts of the project are identified by desktop screening exercise, using
checklist during field visits for collection of baseline data, professional judgment, published
literature on environmental impact of similar projects and standard environmental guidelines.
Critical steps in identifying potential impacts are discussion with project proponent, consultation
with stakeholders and communities to identify their concern. Public consultation was carried out to
identify the concerns of primary and secondary stakeholders.
The main aspects associated with potential impacts are as follow;
▪ Geomorphology, soil
▪ Water resources (aquifer and surface water quality)
▪ Ambient air quality
▪ Waste discharges
▪ Noise pollution
Impact Prediction, Evaluation and Mitigation Measures

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▪ Greenhouse gases emissions
▪ Ozone depleting substance
▪ Protected areas
▪ Ecology of the area, including flora and fauna
▪ Vehicle movement
▪ Socio-economic conditions; and
▪ Archaeology
7.2 Impact Classification

The potential impacts are classified according to the type of potential receptors. The following
receptor categories were used;
▪ Community (people, their social and cultural values, aspirations and archaeological
sensitivity)
▪ Land and soil (land resources, soil resources)
▪ Air quality (ambient air quality, GHG emissions, Ozone depletion)
▪ Water resources (aquifer and surface water resources)
▪ Ecosystem (vegetation, wildlife, and biodiversity).
7.3 Impact Scoping Criteria

Identified potential impacts are evaluated on the basis of following criteria;
▪ the present baseline conditions, the change in environmental parameters likely to be effected
by proposed project related activities,
▪ Is there an impact that environmental standards or environmental guidelines applicable to the

project will be breached? This includes the national standards such as the Sindh
Environmental Quality Standards (SEQS).

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▪ Is there a high risk of a permanent, irreversible, and significant change to environmental

conditions due to the particular project activity? Some impacts are transitory; they last until
the activity that is the cause of the impact is there. Others may last much longer than the
activity. After a long period, the environmental parameter may or may not revert back to its
natural state.
▪ Did the community express any concern about this aspect?
An impact scoping matrix is described in below Table 7.1.
Table 7-1: Impact Scoping Matrix
Environmental Impact Social Impact
❑ Wildlife Disturbance ❑ Traffic disturbance, unrest, road accident

❑ Vegetation Loss ❑ Land acquisition
❑ Water resoures depletion and contamination ❑ Employment conflicts
❑ Dust Emission ❑ Archaeological resources damage
❑ Vehicle and Equipment Exhaust ❑ Safety and security
❑ Soil Contamination ❑ Mobility and transportation
❑ Drainage and Storm Water Run-off ❑ Project and Community Interface
❑ Camp Effluent ❑ Cultural and religious sites
❑ Air Pollution ❑ Local Economy
❑ Noise Pollution ❑ Local Employment
❑ Water Resources Depletion ❑ Unskilled labour jobs
❑ Hazardous and non-hazardous substances ❑ Occupational Health and Safety
Waste
❑ Economic Activity (Primary and multiplier
effects)
❑ Human Rights
7.4 Impact Assessment Methodology

The impacts have been assessed following standard international guidelines and best available
practices. The method defines three levels of consequence (or severity) and likelihood (or probability

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of occurrence) - High, Medium or Low - of an impact. A standard risk based approach has been used
in which;
The significance of an impact is determined on the basis of the level of consequence and likelihood
of the impact e.g. an impact of medium severity is assigned a low significance if the likelihood of
occurrence of the impact is low and high significance if the likelihood of occurrence is high or almost
certain. The definition of consequence and likelihood is illustrated in Table 7.2 and impact
significant matrix is provided in Table 7.3.
Table 7-2: Definitions for Consequence and Likelihood of Impacts
Consequence
Level Likelihood
(Severity of Impact)
Serious/catastrophic damage to local and

regional environment
Direct legislative requirements of EPA and
High likelihood of occurrence during
World Bank
High lifetime of operation
Corporate requirement
Regular/continuous part of operations
Serious threat to corporate
reputation/profitability/ability to do
business
Measurable damage to the environment

Moderate possibility of occurrence during
Subject to potential future legislation
Medium lifetime of operation
Potential to affect reputation/cost
Periodic/occasional part of operations
Implication/reduced efficiency
Negligible damage to the environment Unlikely to occur during lifetime of

Low
No risk to business operation

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Table 7-3: Impact Significant Matrix
Likelihood
Consequence
High Medium Low
High High High Medium
Medium High Medium Low
Low Medium Low Low
The prediction of impacts also includes the duration of impacts (in terms of long-medium and short-
term), nature of impact, geographical location of the impact and reversibility of the impact. Impact
assessment criteria for the above-mentioned parameters are illustrated in Table 7.4.
Table 7-4: Impact Assessment Criteria

Impact Categories
Characteristics
Nature of the Direct: The environmental parameter is directly changed by the project.
Impact Indirect: The environmental parameter changes as a result of change in another
parameter.
Duration of the Short term: Lasting only till the duration of the project such as noise.
impact Medium term: Lasting for a period of few months to a year after the project
before naturally reverting to the original condition such as contamination of soil
or water by fuels or oil.
Long term: Lasting for a period much greater than medium term impacts before
naturally reverting to the original condition such as loss of soil due to soil
erosion.
Geographical Local: Within the area of project i.e. operation site and access road.
Location of the Regional: Within the boundaries of the project area.
impact National: Within the boundaries of the country.
Reversibility of Defined as
the impact Reversible: When a receptor resumes its pre-project condition.
Irreversible: When a receptor cannot resume its pre-project condition.

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Identification of the mitigation measures: If it is determined that the predicted impact is significant,
suitable mitigation measures are identified. There is a range of mitigation measures that can be
applied to reduce impacts.
Identification of the monitoring requirements: The last step in the assessment process is the
identification of the monitoring requirements. The scope and frequency of the monitoring depends
on the residual impacts. The purpose of monitoring is to confirm that the impact is within the
predicted limits and to provide timely information if unacceptable impact is taking place. An
environmental management plan (EMP) will be developed with identification of monitoring
requirements. This is discussed in next chapter.
7.5 Impacts Assessment for design phase
The design phase of the proposed project mainly comprises of selection of seismic data acquisition
technique as per geographical location, civil work design, well design, and other technical and
financial studies.
During this phase of the project, there will be no major physical activity other than desktop studies.
Most part of this phase does not require an extensive physical interference in the project area.
Therefore, no significant environmental and socio-economic impacts have been identified during
this phase of the project.
7.6 Impacts Assessment for Seismic Activities
In this section, environmental issues of proposed project are identified and their impacts are
examined. These impacts are broadly examined under following categories;
▪ Impacts on physical environment including soil, water, noise, air etc.
▪ Impacts on biological environment including flora, fauna and aquatic; and
▪ Impacts on socioeconomic and cultural environment.

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7.7 Impacts on Physical Environment
7.7.1. Topography & Soil

a) Environmental Issues
Construction of camp sites, access roads, and other project facilities could cause topographic
changes, soil erosion and contamination. Environmental aspects of proposed project activities related
to landscape and soil are:
▪ Clearing and levelling during seismic data acquisition and campsite construction and access
track improvement;
▪ Physical disturbance as a result of project activities;
▪ Storage of chemicals, oil, fuel or waste;
▪ Likely impacts of these activities can include:
▪ Physical scarring of the landscape;
▪ Increased risk of land slippage;
▪ Accelerated soil erosion;
▪ Alteration of soil quality by loss of topsoil;
▪ Soil and water contamination resulting from spillage, leakage or improper waste disposal;
▪ Aquatic ecology may disturb due to soil erosion.
b) Assessment of Potential Impacts
Clearing and levelling during seismic data acquisition, access road construction, camp site and fly
camp, could lead physical scarring, may cause alteration of soil quality by removal of topsoil, loss
of plant cover and limited soil erosion induced by disturbance to native soil.
Two techniques will be used for seismic data acquisition; vibroseis in terrain with gentle slopes and
flat sandy areas; dynamite within agricultural lands, tidal flats/coastal areas, shallow waters (less

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than 2m depth) and all other areas where access and working of the vibroseis will be difficult.
Clearing of 4.5 m seismic line will be done at the time of vibroseis.
The project area lies in some agricultural land, marshy areas in project surrounding which
encompasses some trees as well. Within the project area, operation of dynamite and vibroseis will
be used during seismic activities as per physical condition of project site.
For dense patches, dynamite technique will be alternatively used which will minimise/eliminate
chances of vegetation clearing. Similarly for seismic lines in agricultural lands deep holes will be
drilled for which no line clearing will be required. At selected location upholes will be done in which
also no significant land clearing will be required. If clearing of forest vegetation required, it shall be
done with prior consultation with Forest department and be compensated as per rules and regulations
of Forest department.
The campsites should preferably be located outside the protected areas, within levelled land and
existing clearing to avoid any disturbance to soil or vegetation. However, land clearing for access
road and camp sites may also be required. It is expected that the project crew will use existing roads
for transportation of goods, wherever possible. Construction of campsite should follow good industry
practices to avoid unnecessary clearing outside of the work corridors and likelihood of soil erosion
along or across natural drainage paths.
Loss of topsoil may take place during seismic data acquisition and camp site. Erosion is likely to
occur, mainly during the rainy season, if excavated top soil is not appropriately stockpiled and
appropriate erosion measures are not put in place.
The removal of topsoil will potentially change the soil structure (i.e. the natural sequence of soil
horizons and a reduction in organic carbon content and fertility) and may degrade the soil quality as
a result of erosion by storm water or surface water run-off. Soil erosion may also increase siltation
of the nearby tributaries which may impact directly on the aquatic fauna and flora relying on the
water bodies or sources. However, initially disturbed soil will be sealed or compacted by engineering
means, therefore it can be assessed that soil erosion will not be a significant issue.

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Soil of the area may also be affected from project activities if proper management of waste will not
be carried out. Moreover, improper waste management practices can favour waste accumulation in
nearby environment and deteriorate the aesthetic look. Spillage and leakage of fuels, oils, and other
chemicals may also lead to soil contamination. Possible contaminant sources include fuel, lubricant
oil, and chemical storage areas and all project vehicles. Provision of secondary containment, spill
response and waste management plan will reduce the significance of this impact.
Considering the limited vegetation clearance and land area requirement for the development of a
camp site and other construction work, any topographical changes are very limited and for short time
period, hence insignificant.
We conclude that soil erosion and contamination is not expected to occur. For the purpose of risk
assessment the likelihood on the basis of assessment has been assessed as moderate with negligible
consequence. This impact is therefore assigned minor significance. Implementation of suggested
mitigation measures will ensure the impacts are remains acceptable.
c) Mitigation Measures
The proposed mitigation measures to reduce the impacts on geology, topography, and soil during
the proposed project activity are given below:
▪ The project area where seismic line cutting is a requirement, the activity will be carried out in
a way that would minimize disturbance to natural topography and soils.
▪ Width of seismic line will be restricted to 4.5m in order to avoid unnecessary cutting of
vegetation and soil removal.
▪ Unnecessary clearing of vegetation will be strictly prohibited;
▪ Any loss of dense patches of riverine forest will be compensated by plantation/replantation.

The number of trees to be planted against the number removed will be determined in
consultation with the line department (Sindh Forest Department) and International
organization like IUCN;

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▪ The camp site and fly camp should preferably be located outside the protected areas and will
preferably be located in existing clearing and levelled land.
▪ Monitoring of all activities related to removal of plantation and the compliance of appropriate
compensatory mechanism should be done.
▪ The number of access tracks will be specific and kept to minimum levels.
▪ The number of routes will be kept to a minimum.
▪ Vehicle speeds will be regulated and monitored to avoid excessive dust emissions;
▪ Water sprinkling should be carried out to minimize dust emissions due vehicular movement
and other construction activities;
▪ Off-road travel should be avoided and observance of this should be monitored during the
project;
▪ Periodic trainings will be provided to drivers on mitigation measures related to off-road travel
and speeds limits;
▪ During seismic survey, construction of seismic camp; movement of equipment will be

restricted to work areas only to avoid unnecessary disturbance to soils in the project area;
▪ Total land uptake by the camps and access road will be kept to the minimum required;
▪ The access track will be selected to utilize existing tracks as much as possible;
▪ The camp site will preferably be located in existing clearing and levelled land;
▪ Open soil should be covered especially during monsoon season;
▪ The construction of camps will be planned with minimum disturbances to soil;
▪ Movement of equipment will be restricted to avoid unnecessary disturbance to soil;
▪ Areas along the access track will be visually monitored and any area showing signs of soil
erosion will be compacted as necessary;

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▪ Good engineering practices will be adopted during construction of camps to ensure that soil
erosion is minimized;
▪ All fuel tanks will be properly marked to highlight their contents;
▪ Fuel and oil storage areas will have secondary containment in the form of sand bunds and
impervious linings.
▪ Fuels tanks will be daily checked for leaks and all such leaks will be plugged immediately;
▪ A spill prevention and contingency plan will be prepared to deal with spills;
▪ Photographs will be taken before project activities to record the conditions of seismic lines,
campsite and access tracks at locations that are likely to undergo soil erosion. Similar
photographs will be taken after restoration, where applicable.
7.7.2. Water Resources

The proposed project may utilize ground water or water will be supplied through tankers. There may
be a probability of use of surface water. Use of water from local surface or ground water resources
for the project resulting in decreased availability of water for local users.
Proposed seismic activities could affect the area’s water resources in two ways:
▪ Reduction from use/overuse for locals, and
▪ Contamination
The use of tanker water may not pose any quantitative impact on local water resources of the project
area. Ground water can be used from existing wells with the permission of local well
owners/community.
In order to ensure that effect on local wells will not be significant enough to cause any localized
depletion of aquifers or effects on local water requirement, the local water wells will only be used

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after ensuring that they have the excess capacity to supply the water requirement and water
levels/discharges will be monitored to ensure that any effects remain negligible. In case; new water
well is installed by OGDCL, only water from deep aquifer will be tapped.
In case of utilization of surface water, formal approval will be required from concerned department.
In this case change management statement will be essential prior to use of surface water; otherwise
surface water usage for project activities will not be allowed. This statement should be developed by
OGDCL and issued to seismic contractor in which additional mitigation will be clearly mentioned.
If utilization of water from existing wells will be required, only those will be considered which will
at least 500 meters away from nearest community. Therefore, impact on local water resources is not
significant.
Surface water quality may deteriorate if waste disposal is not carried out properly and mixed with
surface runoff during rain which leads to contamination of water resources in the vicinity. Potential
sources of impact may include:
▪ Domestic effluent (i.e. grey and black waters);
▪ Sediments from altered land surface (camp sites, new tracks);
▪ Spilled fuel, oil and other chemicals;
Fuel Storage, Transfer and Use: There is a chance of release of fuel, oil and chemical by leakage or
spill during project activities from loading/unloading and transfer operations. From a management
perspective these have been categorized as minor, moderate or major and must be dealt according to
their impact severity.
All fuel/oil storage, transfer and use activities will be carried out according to well-established
operational procedures. Additional measures, such as implementation of the oil spill contingency
plan, will be implemented to achieve specific objectives of operational safety. The contingency plans
will also identify various organizations and their focal person so that in case of any accident
appropriate resources can be mobilized to control and manage releases.

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On the basis of above, it is concluded that the consequences of the impact would be medium and its
likelihood would be low. The impact is therefore assessed to be of low significance. Suggested
mitigation measures will further reduce any impact.
Domestic Waste: Waste such as plastic products, cans, glass, paper, cans and metals will be stored
in designated areas for proper disposal.
Moreover, surface or ground water in the vicinity of the study area may also be affected from project
activities if proper management of waste will not be carried out. Improper waste management
practices can favour waste accumulation in nearby environment and deteriorate the aesthetic look.
Environmental condition may worst if any waste will dispose directly into water bodies or due to
leachate which may lead to ground water contamination, especially in rainy season. This may
adversely affect the community/workers health, cause soil contamination, and deteriorate the surface
and groundwater quality. However, implementation of comprehensive waste management plan will
reduce the probability of occurrence of this impact. Therefore, the impact is assigned minor
significance.
The mitigation measures described below will ensure that the project area’s surface and ground water
resources are not significantly affected by the project activities.
▪ The water extraction will be kept at minimum;
▪ The water used during project activities will be kept to the minimum required by taking
cautious on site measures related to water conservation;
▪ Water conservation strategies will be developed to avoid over consumption or depletion of

water resource in the project area;
▪ In case; new water well is installed by OGDCL, this shall be drilled in deep aquifer and at
least 500 m away from nearest community water well;

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▪ Water from public sources i.e. surface or ground water will only be abstracted after getting
formal permission from the concerned department and fulfilling the requirements of the EIA
and EMP;
▪ Follow good housekeeping practices with all machinery that may potentially discharge into
wastewater pit;
▪ Septic tanks and soak pits will be emptied periodically to ensure that effluent does not
overflow into surrounding areas;
▪ Sumps will remain covered all the time and measures will be taken to prevent rainwater entry;
▪ Septic tanks and wastewater pits will be designed so that runoff does not flow into them;
▪ At the time of restoration, septic tanks and soak pits will be backfilled;
▪ Develop and follow a project-specific spill contingency plan;
▪ Waste storage area should be properly covered, isolated and lined with tarpaulin or other
appropriate material to avoid ground water contamination from leachate.
▪ Fuels and lubricants will be stored in areas with impervious floors and bunds that can contain
spills. The volume of the containment area should be equal to 110% of the total volume of
largest tank;
▪ All areas containing potentially hazardous materials will be hydrologically isolated from the
remaining site;
▪ All fuel tanks will be properly marked to highlight their contents;
▪ Fuels tanks will be daily checked for leaks and all such leaks will be plugged immediately;
▪ To minimize the impacts on aquifer due to each well to be drilled, which could cause aquifer
contamination and aquifer cross-contamination, following mitigation measures will be taken
into consideration;
o Ensure a thorough understanding of aquifer formations;

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o Ensure an adequate cementing and casing program to provide isolation between the aquifer
and the well bore, when crossing aquifers;
o When crossing aquifer and where technically feasible, minimize mud overpressure to
aquifer pressure to minimize infiltrations.
7.7.3. Ambient Air Quality
Impacts on air quality as a result of project activities may arise from the liberation of dust during
excavation, vehicular movement and exhaust emissions from vehicles, generators and burning of
combustible wastes.
Dust generated during the excavation activities should be limited to the civil work. However, with
the increased vehicular activity and construction of access tracks, the impact of dust may become
more extensive. The dust associated with seismic activity, site clearance and excavations will be
limited to the duration of the civil works and may exaggerate if this activity is undertaken during the
dry season. The impact is expected to be limited only during project activities and considered to be
low by applying below mentioned mitigation measures.
Vehicular and exhaust emissions generally emit particulate matters in the form of smoke, carbon
dioxide (CO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOX), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are principal atmospheric pollutants from above mentioned
sources. CO2 is the principal greenhouse gas (GHG) among these pollutants. The environmental
impacts of stated pollutants are summarized as following.
Improper tuning of generators and vehicles may lead to deteriorate the air quality of project area.
However, OGDCL will monitor all emission sources during project activities through IMC.
Above mentioned assessment shows that the sources of emission will not be significant enough to
alter the ambient air quality and the impact is assessed to be of low significance due to medium
likelihood and low severity to alter ambient air quality due to project activities.

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The mitigation measures given below will further reduce their impact and ensure that they remain
within acceptable limits.
▪ All equipment, generators, and vehicles used during the project will be properly tuned and
maintained in good working condition in order to minimize exhaust emissions;
▪ All project vehicles will be checked regularly to ensure that engines are in sound working
condition and are not emitting smoke;
▪ Dust emissions during project activities will be minimised by good management practices such
as locating stock piles out of the wind direction, keeping the height of the stock piles to a
minimum, keeping earthwork areas damp etc.;
▪ Imposing speed limits and encouraging more efficient journey management will reduce the
▪ Water sprinkling should be carried out to minimize dust emissions in order to minimum
deterioration of ambient air quality;
7.7.4. Noise Pollution and Vibration

Potential sources of noise and vibration will include operation of seismic survey activities,
generators, machinery, construction equipment, and vehicles. The maximum disturbance may occur
along the roads and seismic lines. Generally different types of vehicles like, 4x4 DD IMV, cranes,
lifter, loader, cars, mobile welding plants etc. will be used during the various project activities.

7-16
Likely impacts of these activities can include:
▪ Local community and exposed personal disturbance;
▪ Migration of wildlife and bird from the area;
There is no continuous major source of noise and vibration observed during site visit of project area.
Although intermittent sources of noise include road traffic on different roads inside the project
boundary was observed.
The noise and vibration during project activities would affect the exposed personnel and may cause
nuisance or hearing impacts on workers associated with these activities. In addition, elevated noise
levels due to project activities can be a source of nuisance for locals and a source of disturbance to
wildlife.
Noise monitoring of 08 hours were conducted at different locations of the project area. The results
show that noise levels were under SEQS level. Similarly noise levels during project activities
generally attenuated as the distance from the source and the receiver increases. As the project
facilities will maintain appropriate distances from human settlements, impact of noise on
communities will significantly attenuated. Likewise impact of noise emission on communities will
not be significant when the access tracks are at safe distance.
In addition, it is expected that detonation of dynamite may produce higher noise levels. However,
detonation of dynamite will only be heard at the surface like a muffled thud, and it will not scare any
wildlife in nearby areas. Moreover, as seismic operation will preferably be planned before or after
the migratory season, anticipated impacts on birds are assessed to be insignificant
The overall impact level will be localized as it will be limited to the immediate project corridor and
short term as the impact will take place as long as the project activities carried out.
Although the impacts will be localized and short term, for risk assessment point of view; both
likelihood and consequence of the impact would be assessed as medium and therefore assigned

7-17
medium significance. The impacts on exposed worker and wildlife will be minimized by
implementation of following suggested mitigation measures.
▪ Proper engineering control will be applied to noise producing sources like generator (Canopy,
muffler and enclosure will be installed/provided to reduce the noise impact on the
surroundings and nearby communities)
▪ The seismic activities will be completed in limited times as possible.
▪ It will be ensured that generators, vehicles and other potentially noisy equipment used are in
good condition.
▪ Noise from generators, vehicles and other equipment and machinery will be kept to the
minimum through regular maintenance.
▪ The use of horns by project vehicles will be minimised. The use of pressure horns will not be
allowed.
▪ Campsite will be located at a distance mentioned in this EIA report in order to minimize the
noise impacts on nearby communities.
▪ All on-site personnel will use required personal protective equipment (PPE) in high noise areas
that will be clearly marked.
▪ Ambient noise levels (intermittently) will be monitored during construction activities.
7.7.5. Waste Generation

Proposed seismic activities will generate different types of waste. This includes domestic garbage,
packaging waste, paper waste, glass, metals; concrete waste, oil waste, spilled chemicals and oil,
kitchen waste, medical, drilling mud and cutting, produced water waste effluent i.e. grey water and
black water etc.

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Likely impacts of improper waste management generated from project activities can include;
▪ Surface and ground water contamination
▪ Soil contamination
▪ Odour
▪ Health hazards
▪ Aesthetic issues
Improper waste management practices can favour waste accumulation in nearby environment and
deteriorate the aesthetic look. Environmental condition of the project area can be impacted due to
leachate formation which may lead to ground water contamination, especially in rainy season. This
may adversely affect the community/workers health, cause soil contamination, and deteriorate the
surface and groundwater quality. However, a comprehensive waste management plan has been
developed by OGDCL and all the waste generated during seismic operations will be disposed of
through the waste management plan.
Domestic Wastewater (Grey and Black Water)
Black water from the camp site will go into an impermeable septic tank. Treated water will pass
from the septic tank into evaporation pit and into the air. The impermeable septic tank will prevent
untreated sewage from polluting surface water. Regular decanting of the evaporation pit may be
required to manage the level. However, grey water will be used for sprinkling on Katcha track.
Recyclable and Non-recyclable Waste
Recyclable/reusable waste such as paper, card board, textiles, glass, plastics, tin and aluminium cans
etc. will be sold to recycling vender (recyclable/reusable waste contractor). Non-recyclable waste
will be stored separately and sent to nearest domestic contractor for final disposal. Leftover food
waste can be buried onsite, if appropriate or sent to waste contractor.

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Medical Waste
Medical waste - including Syringes, glass bottles, soiled bandages, expired drugs, dressings etc will
be stored separately from other wastes and sent to an approved waste incineration facility.
Spilled Fuel and Oil
Leakage or spill of oil and/or chemical can result in contamination of soil and water resources.
Consequently spill containment will be used for storage areas. From a management perspective these
have been categorized as minor, moderate or major and will be remediated as soon as reasonably
practical according to their impact severity.
After assessment of all above mentioned waste categories, it is concluded that likelihood of the
impact would be low due to implementation of waste management plan and consequence would be
moderate (in case waste management plan will not follow), therefore the impact is measured to be
of low significance.
▪ Black water (sewage water) should be disposed through septic system comprising of soak pits
and septic tanks;
▪ Grey water (washing water, kitchen water etc.) should be disposed through soak pits and where
required should be sprinkled on access tracks;
▪ Soak pits and septic tanks should be constructed and designed to accommodate domestic
sewage i.e. black and grey water;
▪ Soak pits and septic tanks will be confined with a buffer area in order to stop any entrance or
its exposure to outer environment;
▪ At the time of restoration, septic tanks and soak pits should be dismantled and backfilled with
at least 1m of topsoil cover above the surrounding surface level;
▪ Solid residue from the septic tanks should be transported to municipal sewage treatment
facilities in any nearby city;

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▪ All project related vehicles should be daily checked for fuel or oil leaks. Vehicles with leaks
should not be allowed to operate until repaired;
▪ Chemical and fuel storage areas should be clearly identified by marking;
▪ All chemicals and fuels will be stored in confined buffered areas;
▪ Chemical and fuel storage drums/cans should be clearly labelled with safety signs;
▪ All chemical and fuel storage areas are equipped with secondary containment in the form of
concrete or brick masonry dykes/bunds;
▪ Spill response kit should be available at chemical and fuel storage areas. In addition to this,
ensure the availability of shovels, plastic bags, and absorbent material for the spill
management;
▪ Solid waste disposal in the field should not be allowed;
▪ The recyclable waste should be sent to waste contractors/ vender or any other recycling facility
for reused;
▪ Medical waste should be sent to an approved incineration facility Non-recyclable debris and
domestic garbage should be stored separately and sent to nearest domestic contractor for final
disposal;
▪ Waste management procedures and activities should be monitored by an IMC;
▪ A waste management plan should be developed before the start of the project activities.
Key elements of the waste management system should be the following:
On-site handling
▪ The recyclable waste should be sent to waste contractors/ vendor or any other recycling facility
for reused.
▪ Non-recyclable debris and domestic garbage should be stored separately and sent to nearest
domestic contractor for final disposal.

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▪ Waste bins should be placed inside the boundary. All waste removed from the site should be
handled by waste contractors.
▪ All hazardous waste will be separated from other waste and incinerated through waste
contractors.
Records
▪ Records of all waste generated during the project activities period should be maintained.
Quantities of waste disposed, recycled, or reused should be logged on a waste tracking register.
Disposal
▪ All non-hazardous waste material that cannot be recycled or reused should be disposed of as
per waste management plan;
▪ Depending on the nature and quantity of the hazardous waste, it should be disposed of by
licensed hazardous waste contractors as per the waste management plan;
Other Management Measures
▪ Training should be provided to personnel for identification, segregation, and management of

waste;
▪ An emergency response plan should be developed for the hazardous waste (and substances)
▪ All containers of hazardous waste should be appropriate labelled;
▪ Equipment and material containing asbestos, poly-chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and ozone
depleting substances (ODSs) should not be used.
7.7.6. Vehicular Movement

Proposed project activities will involve movement of earth moving, seismic equipment which
includes cranes, lifter, loader, cars, double cabin and single cabin pick up etc. Potential impacts of
vehicular movement are;

7-22
▪ Disturbance to local community due to
• Dust generation
• Elevated noise
• Vehicular emissions
• Accidents due to vehicular movement.
▪ Disturbance to wildlife
Vehicular movement is not a continuous activity which poses continuous impacts on local
community and wildlife. However, unsafe driving practices can cause damage to the wildlife and
threat to local community of the project area. As the project facilities will maintain appropriate
distances from human settlements, disturbance to local community due to dust, noise and accident
will be minor. Likewise impact of noise and vehicular emission on communities will also minor
when the access tracks will be maintained a safe distance.
Moreover, vehicular emissions during project activities will not be significant enough to alter the
ambient air quality as discussed above.
Traffic management plan to avoid/minimize nighttime movement of vehicles will reduce the
disturbance to community and wildlife.
On the basis of above assessment, we conclude that likelihood of occurrence would be moderate
whereas its consequence would be low. Therefore, severity of the impact is assigned as low
significance. Implementation of following mitigation measures will further reduce any anticipated
impact.
▪ Noise from all type of vehicles will be kept to the minimum through regular maintenance;
▪ The use of horns by project vehicles will be minimised. The use of pressure horns will not be
allowed;

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▪ Dust emissions during construction activities will be minimised by good management

practices such as locating stoc piles out of the wind direction, keeping the height of the
stockpiles to a minimum, keeping earthwork areas damp etc.;
▪ Where required, water sprinkling will be carried out to minimize dust emissions due to
vehicular movement and other activities;
▪ Imposing speed limits prescribed by OGDCL, drivers will receive specific direction on this
requirement;
▪ Encourage more efficient journey management will reduce the probability of accidents and
7.8 Impacts on Biological Environment
7.8.1. Vegetation
During the seismic operations minimal vegetation clearing may be occur along seismic lines, camp
site area and access tracks. Minimal damage to plant species and loss of habitat during road travel
may also occur. In addition, clearing of vegetation may also be envisaged due to project activities.
The proposed project area consists of a flat terrestrial land comprising of agriculture holdings, natural
vegetation and bushes areas.
The major area of project utilized for agriculture purpose. Most of riverine forest land also used for
agriculture, fish farming and livestock grazing purpose because population of project area increasing
day by day and they have limited sources for income generation; hence it is envisaged that there will
be limited damage on agriculture holdings causing marginal or negligible impact.

7-24
As the project activities occupy small areas relative to the overall habitat in which they are located.
Unless any sensitive or endemic species are cleared, the amount of vegetation cleared from the area
represents a very small percentage of the total habitat and the associated impacts would therefore be
of no major significance. It was noted during site visit that similar type of vegetation communities
are distributed in other areas of the project area over large geographical areas so the loss of
vegetation, if required, from a small area will not result in extinction of any vegetation community.
Due to sparse vegetation cover, major clearing may not be involved.
Due to construction activities, the impact of vegetation clearing and loss of habitat is less significant
because campsite will be constructed at cleared land and dense patches of vegetation will not be
removed and new tracks will be avoided as much as possible.
During project activities, dust will be generated which may accumulate on vegetation and may
possibly hinder the vegetation growth. However, the EIA study area is relatively high wind area with
high percentage of humidity especially in night which cause dew formation. This will naturally
reduce any impact of dust on vegetation cover.
Nara Canal is mainly identified by presence of reserve riverine forest which is growing naturally.
The project identifies the importance of this identical vegetation and proposed to adopt the strategy
of offset, wherever possible; however, even the avoidance is inevitable then a strategy of minimal
destruction will be opted. Further to oversee the process, a close coordination with the relevant line
department, which in this case the Forest department has also been suggested.
Assessment of impacts on vegetation conclude that, although there is a possibility of occurrence of

vegetation clearing during project activities however resultant damage is expected to be moderate.
Below mentioned recommended mitigation measures will ensure that the impacts are kept to the
minimum.
▪ Vegetation clearing during seismic activities and construction of camp sites will be kept to a
minimum;

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▪ Impact of project including construction activities to be carried out in areas with sensitive
vegetation species or communities will be minimized by selecting alternate areas with reduced
sensitivities, where possible;
▪ Preference will be given to those areas for camp site and access tracks that are already
experiencing human interference;
▪ When developing new access roads, ensure that minimum vegetation loss will be chosen,
avoiding unnecessary damage to vegetation;
▪ Off-road travelling will be minimized;
▪ Land requirement for each campsite and access road will be kept to the minimum;
▪ Existing tracks will be utilized as much as possible;
▪ The access track will be properly compacted, maintained and sprinkled with water throughout
the project activities;
▪ Use of local vegetation as fuel by project personnel will be prohibited;
▪ Vehicle speeds will be regulated and monitored to avoid excessive dust emissions, which may
impact on vegetation;
▪ Water sprinkling should be carried out to minimize dust emissions impacts on vegetation;
▪ Best available engineering practices will be adopted during construction activities;
▪ Clearing of dense vegetation shall be minimised by careful selection of camp site and access
track by providing off-site tracks;
▪ Clearing of vegetation/forest should be avoided and incase of any plant damaged it should be
replanted and monitored through IMC;
▪ Trainings would be provided to drivers on mitigation measures related to off-road travel and
speeds limits;

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7.8.2. Wildlife and Habitats

Loss of habitat may disturb the wildlife due to clearing of 4.5 m wide seismic lines for the operation
of vibroseis (if required), preparation of new access tracks; sensory disturbance due to movement of
vehicles and crew personnel; sitting and operation of camps; data acquisition activities, shooting and
recording. Likely impacts from proposed project activities can include:
▪ Habitat loss due to vegetation clearing
▪ Temporary disturbance/movement of some wildlife from the proposed project site due to:
• Elevated noise
• Sensory disturbance due to presence and movement of people and vehicles.
• Use of lights
• Improper waste disposal
The project area falls in the wildlife protected areas Deh AkroWildlife (DAWS–II) and Nara Desert
which are sensitive areas with respect to the wildlife importance. The water bodies and the wildlife
sanctuary are considered to be critical habitats due to the presence human settlement and economic
development activities (alternation of forest land into agriculture land, wood cutting, fish farming
and livestock grazing) are the major threat to wildlife in project area.
Many different wildlife species are found in project area, as discussed in detail in respective section
of the EIA report. Most of the animals in the project corridor are common along with few sensitive
wildlife species.
Potential impacts of project activities on wildlife and habitat could be sensory disturbance to the
species due to personnel movement and noise generated during seismic activities, lights used at the
camp sites, noise and mortalities due to vehicular movement.

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The activities on seismic lines and access tracks will be carried out in series, one line after the other
or at the most two lines at a time. This will provide relief to wildlife species affected by noise or
human presence in neighbouring environment.
The site of the seismic camp will be selected away from the sensitive areas to minimise any impacts
of its operation on the wildlife. Similarly camps will be preferably constructed away from the
wildlife sensitive areas.
Improper disposal of solid waste can disturb the ecology of the project area or may increase the
population of reptiles and rodents. However, implementation of waste management plan will reduce
the impact of improper waste disposal with respect to wildlife.
All the project activities will be properly monitored through IMC. This will avoid disturbance to
wildlife species may affected by noise or human presence in the neighbouring environment.
Determining the effects of noise on wildlife is complicated because responses vary between species
and between individuals of a single population. These variable responses may be due to characteristic
of noise, season, and activity at the time of exposure, sex and age of the individual, level of previous
exposure. However, it has been observed that with continued exposure to noise, animals show a
decreased tendency to move away (Hompland, 1985).
The animals might tend to move away from the area where project activities to be conducted for an
initial period of time but can be expected to return to these areas once they have habituated to the
disturbance. This acclimatization with environment will lessen the significance of this impact.
Birds have been categorized as residents and visitors (summer & winter), a considerable number of
avifauna in the area consist of winter visitors. Moreover, birds are highly mobile and tend to avoid
areas of disturbance. Therefore, except for localised effects on behaviour due to sensory disturbance,
a minor to moderate impact on these bird species can be envisaged and are found to be least to
moderate susceptible from the project activities.

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Potential direct impacts of the project activities on reptiles and small mammals are believed to be
loss of habitat; displacement from the immediate and adjacent areas from seismic lines, camp sites,
and access track; and mortality during construction activities.
Clearing of seismic lines within project area will be minimised by avoiding/minimizing unnecessary
clearing of vegetation in order to limit the habitat loss of small mammals and reptiles. Loss of habitat
due to construction of access track and campsites will be only a very small fraction of the total
available habitat for these species.
In the absence of any mitigation, clearing of land and vegetation in areas with small mammal or
reptile holes can lead to mortality of these species. It is expected that at the start of construction work
in any area, small mammals and reptiles will flee from the area due to the vibrations and noise of the
construction machinery. As most of the species have developed an intricate network of holes in the
ground, these species will be able to find many escape routes.
For the purpose of risk assessment, we conclude that there is no potential of measurable threat to the
wildlife due to low possibility of occurrence and the impact is assessed to be of minor significance.
The following mitigation measures will reduce the adverse impacts on the wildlife of the project
area:
▪ Before start of any activity, awareness trainings will be provided to contractor’s management
and field crew related to wildlife protection.
▪ No-hunting and no-trapping policy will be strictly enforced, unless human life is under threat.
▪ Harassment of wildlife during project activities will be avoided;
▪ Areas with concentrated colonies of active burrows and dens will be avoided during the
seismic operation and access track improvement/construction;

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▪ Prior to the improvement and construction works on the access tracks, areas with small
mammal and reptile holes will be identified. All live holes will be disturbed manually or by
other appropriate means so as to dislocate species residing in these holes.
▪ A high density of live small mammal and reptile holes will be re-routed during project
activities, if possible, to avoid disturbance to that section of the track.
▪ Project personnel or vehicles will not be allowed to access the ridges in order to minimize
disturbance to animals.
▪ Movement of project personnel and vehicles will be restricted to the seismic lines, access
tracks and camp site areas;
▪ Training should be provided to drivers and staff for safe driving practices to protect local
community and wildlife.
▪ Use of firearms will be clearly restricted;
▪ General awareness of the crew would be provided regarding the wildlife, through
environmental training, notice board postings, tool box talks etc;
▪ The project staff would be educated and morally trained to avoid killing, feeding or harassment
of wildlife;
▪ Physical disturbance to areas outside the work corridors will be avoided;
▪ The total duration of activities will be minimized by good management;
▪ Night travelling during project activities will be kept to a minimum;
▪ Lights used at the campsites will be kept to the minimum required;
▪ Noise generating equipment, machinery and vehicles should be properly tuned and
periodically inspected to minimize excessive noise generation within study area;
▪ Use of pressure horn will be prohibited at wildlife sensitive areas, especially in nighttime.
▪ Avoid unnecessary vehicular movement to minimize noise impacts on wildlife.

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▪ Food wastes will not be disposed of in the open. Food wastes collected in waste segregation
units will be disposed of according to waste management plan;
▪ Construction work near areas which show reptile populations will commence after a soft start
up and will be randomly monitored;
▪ Vehicular speed will be monitored and controlled to avoid incidental mortalities of wild
animals;
▪ Project activities preferably should not be carried out in winter season which is the migratory
seasons of key winter visitors.
▪ Special care shall be taken if project activities will be executed in winter season especially
from November (when they have reached the desired destinations in warmer areas) to February
(when they back to their homelands).
▪ Independent Monitoring Consultant (IMC) shall be hired to ensure compliance with mitigation
measures and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) of this EIA report.
7.9 Socio Economic Impacts
The project activities will bring certain socio-economic changes in the project surrounding area.
Some of the impacts would be directly beneficial to the socio-economic environment due to
employment potential, improvement in infrastructural facilities, resource utilization from nearby
markets by the employees, whereas some of them would be of adverse nature.
The adverse impacts on community due to proposed project activities include invasion of privacy;
changes in demography; sharing of local resources; loss of standing crops in areas where agriculture
is being practiced; excessive dust emissions; improper disposal of waste; damage to archaeological
or cultural sites due to project activities; noise pollution, and restriction of mobility of local women
etc.

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7.9.1. Land Acquisition and Compensation

As mentioned earlier, campsite will be constructed on existing clearing wherever possible. Land
might have to be leased for campsites construction. OGDCL has a procedure for leasing of land and
its compensation; following which the landowner will be paid a lease amount for the land as per
market rate and a compensation amount for the standing crop affected at the time of the lease. In
addition, the district administration should be involved while disbursing the compensation amounts
so that the rightful owners of the land are compensated. Any delays in disbursement of compensation
amounts should also be avoided so that the already marginalized communities of the area are not
affected.
Mitigation Measures
▪ A generous compensation will be granted to land owner as per prevailing market rates (if land
acquired)
▪ In case of acquisition of land, ensure all amounts for leased land will be disbursed in an
equitable and transparent manner.
▪ Compensation amount should be disbursed in time to avoid any conflicts between proponent
and local community.
▪ Agricultural, archaeological, religious or otherwise valuable land will not be used for seismic
activities without consent of respective authorities.
7.9.2. Community Disturbance

The local communities may be disturbed by the noise, dust, vehicular movement, and improper
disposal of waste due to proposed seismic activities. Seismic data acquisition and access tracks lying
close to the settlement will also result in disturbance and annoyance to the local. Moreover, sharing
of local resources may be the point of conflict between project proponent and local community. All
these impacts due to project activities will be temporary in nature and only the communities adjacent
to proposed site may be affected for a short period of time. Following mitigation measure should be
implemented to minimize the disturbance to the community.

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Mitigation Measures
▪ While deploying major noise generating equipment, it should be checked that all noise
abatement devices are in good working condition and proper measures have been taken to
minimize the noise levels.
▪ Communities will be informed about project activities and possible disturbance.
▪ Use alternate route, wherever possible, that passes away from community.
▪ Water sprinkling should be carried out on regular basis to minimize dust impacts on local
communities, if any.
▪ Campsite will be selected away from the human settlements and maintain a minimum distance
of 500 m.
▪ Consent with local community and approval from respective local authority is mandatory prior
to use of local resources e.g. water.
▪ Holes, vibroseis and access track will be aligned at a safe and practical distance from
community settlements.
▪ All the mitigation measurements for the vehicles movement and waste management
mentioned above will be followed to avoid any disturbance to the community.
7.9.3. Restricted Mobility

The project activities may affect mobility of local women. Project personnel will be given gender
sensitization briefings and will be instructed to respect local norms, the local culture, particularly in
relation to the womenfolk of the area.
Mitigation Measures
▪ Project staff should respect local cultural norms.
▪ Ensure there should be no interaction with the local womenfolk.
▪ Project crew should be restricted to work corridor.

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▪ Limit the social interaction between the project team and local communities in order to avoid
disputes between the project team and locals;
7.9.4. Community Grievances/Complaints

Community grievances/complaints related to project activities will be addressed by project
proponent (MPCL). Local complaints on dust, vegetation clearance, fishing farming, use of local
resources, elevated noise, waste from different project activities, spilled oil and chemicals, hiring
issues, invasion of privacy, damages to structures of locals etc. may provide basis for conflict
between the locals and project proponent.
Mitigation Measures
▪ Grievance handling system will be established on the basis of OGDCL’s past experience to
address community grievance/complaints.
▪ A social complaint register will be maintained on site by OGDCL. All complaints received
from local communities will be noted in this register.
▪ Community complaints shall be duly addressed and appropriately resolved. The measures
taken to mitigate these concerns will also be noted in social complaint register.
▪ Mitigation measures related to all above mentioned concerns should be strictly implemented
in order to minimize community grievances.
7.9.5. Archeological, Cultural and Religious Sites

Any archaeological, cultural or religious sites (as mentioned in guideline for protected areas) are not
found within project area nor any such site observed during site survey. Local cultural sites, like
Masjid, Mazar, and graveyards were found in the project area during site visit. Access track has been
aligned by providing offset to the archaeological finds to avoid the impacts of construction and
drilling activities over the archaeological finds. Similarly, offset will be provided to avoid damage
of any site of historical importance during the course of project activities. Seismic lines and camp
sites should be located at safe distance (500 m) from these sites to avoid any harm to the sites or the
archaeological artefacts. On the basis of this assessment, it is clear that project activities will be

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confined to the limited area therefore no impacts on these sites will be anticipated. Implementation
of following mitigation measures will further minimize above mentioned impacts.
Mitigation Measures
▪ Ensure all project activities will be carried out away from any archaeological, cultural and
religious site, if any.
▪ For all other sites of local significance e.g. Masjids, graveyard etc. a safe distance (determined
after consultation with locals) will be maintained.
▪ Safe distance should be maintained to avoid any physical damage, change in aesthetic value,
or disrespect to any site of archaeological or religious importance.
▪ Contractor and OGDCL staff will be trained in order to identify and recognize sites of
archaeological, cultural and religious importance. This will prevent any physical damage and
conflict between locals and project proponent.
▪ Any sudden discovery of any such site of archaeological, cultural and religious importance
during project activities shall be communicated to project proponent for further intimation to
relevant department.
7.9.6. Community Safety

The proposed project activities may affect the safety of the inhabitants of the area, such as over
speeding, handling and storage of fuels/explosive and field equipment. These activities could expose
the local population to hazard if conducted in populated areas where local people especially children
are likely together to look the activity. Increased vehicular movement at project site may expose the
community towards accidental injuries.
Mitigation Measures
To minimize the safety & security risk following mitigation shall be adopted and monitored.
▪ Project vehicles should follow speed limits which will reduce road safety issues significantly.
▪ Safe driving practices will be adopted while passing through settlements.

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▪ Explosives should be stored in an isolated and clearly marked area. The area should be
constructed keeping in view community and campsite safety.
▪ Night time travelling will be kept to minimum.
▪ Local peoples will be informed about project activities in order to keep locals especially
children away from project area.
▪ Field equipment should never be left unattended.
▪ Fire extinguishers and other relevant safety gadgets equipment should be provided.
7.9.7. Safety of Workers

OGDCL’s management must make sure that workers should use the Personnel Protective Equipment
(PPE) during project activities specially working on heights, dealing with explosives, working with
machines/equipment, and working in dusty and noisy environment etc.
Mitigation Measures
To ensure worker’s safety during project activities, following measures should be undertaken:
▪ Explosives should be stored in an isolated and clearly marked area. The area should be
constructed keeping in view community and campsite safety.
▪ Fire extinguishers and other relevant safety gadgets equipment should be provided at site.
▪ First Aid box should be placed on site.
▪ First Aid training should be provided to all supervisory staff.
▪ Contact addresses and numbers of local hospitals and other emergency organizations should
be available on site all the time.
7.9.8. Emergencies and Accidents

Project activities will increase the possibility of accidental injury or any other emergency situation
like fire, oil spill or any natural disaster may be happened which may impact project staff and nearby

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communities as well. To handle this situation, OGDCL will clearly defined, well-structured and
dynamic Emergency Response Plan.
Mitigation Measures
▪ Ensure emergency response plan should be developed and implemented to cater different
emergency situation as mentioned above.
▪ Ensure project related staffs are well aware and trained on emergency response plan.
▪ Ensure provision of first aid at site in case of any emergency.
7.9.9. Employment
The distribution of employment during implementation of the project activities should be done in a
manner ensuring that the people likely to be affected by the project or the most vulnerable groups of
the community are given preference in employment opportunities.
Employment opportunities shall be created both for skilled and unskilled workers during the project
cycle. Skilled and trained work force is not expected to be available in the area. However, project
proponent will ensure to hire locals for unskilled jobs and wherever possible, for skilled jobs.
Mitigation Measures
▪ OGDCL and its contractors should employ local residents for semi-skilled and unskilled
opportunities and wherever possible, for skilled jobs during the project cycle.
▪ Local residents living closest to the project location will be given priority in the employment
process.
▪ Labour from local communities will be recruited equitably among the tribes and the
employment procedures will be transparent.
7.9.10. Local Economy

It is envisaged that turnover of local businesses will be increased due to an increased demand from
project contractors and their employees. During the proposed project activities such as construction
material i.e. gravel, aggregate, steel, cement, sand etc. for camps construction will be procured

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preferably from local market. General supplies which include camp supplies (food, etc.), fuels and
oils etc. will also be procured preferably from local market. This will be a positive impact on local
economy. However, care should be taken to avoid heavy burden on local resources.
▪ An increase in the income of locals may occur due to increase in employment opportunities
due to project activities.
▪ An increase in the income of locals may occur due to increased turnover of local businesses
and shops due to an increased demand from project contractors and their employees.

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CHAPTER – 08
ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT PLAN
8. Environmental Management Plan
The potential environmental impacts are identified from the planning stage of proposed project
through the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process. The EIA has identified potential
impacts that are likely to arise during the project activities. The EIA has examined in detail both
negative and positive impacts during seismic activities. To minimize the effects of adverse
impacts the EIA has recommended mitigation measures. These mitigation measures include the
use of alternative technologies, management and physical controls, or compensation in
monetary terms. The proposed mitigation measures have been based on the understanding of
the sensitivity and behavior of environmental receptors in the project area, the legislative
controls that apply to the project and a review of good industrial practices while operating in
similar environments. For residual impacts (impacts remaining after applying the recommended
mitigation measures) and for impacts in which there can be a level of uncertainty in prediction
at the EIA stage, monitoring measures have been recommended to ascertain these impacts
during the course of the project.
For effective implementation and management of the mitigation measures an Environmental

Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared. The EMP satisfies the requirement of the Sindh
Environmental Protection Agency (Review of Initial Environmental Examination and
Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 2014).
The EMP is a tool that serves as to manage environmental impacts and specifically focuses on
implementation of mitigation measures in its true sense against likely environmental impacts.
The potential environmental impacts are identified from the planning stage of the proposed
project through the EIA process. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is a vital part of
overall planning and implementation of projects. EMP provides a structural framework and
logical approach for effective implementation of the mitigation measures related to health,
safety and environment, and environmental protection of the project area and it’s surrounding
throughout the project lifecycle.
The EMP is a tool that serves as to manage environmental impacts and specifically focuses on
implementation of mitigation measures in its true sense against likely environmental impacts.
Environmental Management Plan

8-1
Both negative and positive impacts at each stage of the project activity have been examined in
detail, in this EIA study.
8.1 Scope of the EMP

The scope of the EMP covers all construction and operational activities and ensures continual
compliance with provincial & national legislation, international standards and guidelines, and
the OGDCL Health, Safety and Environment Policy.
The EMP covers a series of general and specific recommendations that, collectively, constitute
the basis of the management (mitigation of the impacts) and environmental control during the
project’s life cycle.
The EMP lists the obligations and responsibilities of each party involved in the project;
stipulates methods and procedures that will be followed; and outlines environmental
management actions that will be implemented, considering that the reference framework for the
environmental standards is avoiding negative impacts on the health and well-being of people
and the environment.
8.2 Purpose and Objectives of the EMP

This EMP has been prepared based on the findings of the EIA study and describes management
measures designed to prevent or reduce potential environmental and social impacts of proposed
seismic activities.
The purpose of EMP is to ensure the commitments made in this EIA report for effective
implementation of mitigation measures. The primary objectives of the EMP are to:
▪ Facilitate the implementation of the mitigation measures identified in the EIA;
▪ Define legislative requirements, guidelines and best practices that apply to the project;
▪ Define the responsibilities of the project proponent;
▪ Define a monitoring mechanism and identify monitoring parameters in order to:
 Ensure the complete implementation of all mitigation measures.

 Ensure the effectiveness of the mitigation measures.
▪ Define requirements for environmental monitoring and auditing.

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▪ Provide a mechanism for taking timely action in the face of unanticipated environmental
situations;
▪ Identify training requirements at various levels.
8.3 Methodology
The basic approach to prepare this EMP mainly comprise of:
▪ A review of environmental legislation and guidelines
▪ A review of past environmental studies carried out in the proposed project area
▪ On the basis of past experience gained during the monitoring of similar projects and
adjacent oil and gas Concessions Blocks
▪ Consultation with Stakeholders and community
8.4 Components of the EMP

The EMP consists of the following:
▪ Legislation and guidelines
▪ Organizational structure; roles and responsibilities
▪ Implementation Stages of EMP
▪ Change Management Plan
▪ Waste Management Plan
▪ Environmental Monitoring Plan
▪ Impacts Mitigation Plan
8.5 Legislation and Guidelines

The EIA has discussed national and international legislation and guidelines that are relevant to
the project; proponent will ensure that the project is conducted in conformance to the project
proponent corporate environmental policy, national legislation and relevant international
conventions and that guidance is sought from national and international guidelines. Project
proponent will also ensure that its key project management staff and all its assigned contractors

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are aware of these legislation and guidelines prior to the start of project activities. The details on
national and international legislation and guidelines are given in Chapter 2 of the report.
8.6 Organizational Structure and Responsibilities

This section provides an organizational structure for environmental management during the
proposed project operation and defines the roles and responsibilities of the various players for
the duration of the project. The proposed project includes the following organizations:
▪ OGDCL as the project proponent and owners of the EMP;
▪ Seismic activities construction contractors as the executors of the EMP.
▪ If the seismic operation is carried out by OGDCL itself, then OGDCL would become the
executor of the EMP.
These organizations will have the following roles and responsibilities during the project.
8.7 Project Proponent

Being a project proponent and owner, OGDCL will be responsible for ensuring the overall
implementation of the EMP. Manager Exploration, Senior Manager Designing and seismic
specialist will be responsible for overall environmental performance of the project, and
implementation and compliance of the EMP. The QHSE Manager, will be responsible for
providing technical support in environment related issues, Contactor site HSE personal will be
responsible for ensuring implementation of the EMP and will ensure that the project is carried
out in accordance with governing legislation, OGDCL Corporate Policies and the
recommendations laid down in this EIA.
In addition to that OGDCL management will also ensure:
▪ Deploy a contractor Site HSE Coordinator to accompany field team throughout the
duration of the proposed project. HSE field monitor will also deploy by OGDCL on call
out basis to monitor contractors site activities;
▪ All contracts of OGDCL which will execute through contractors and sub-contractors
comply with environmental sensibilities and OGDCL’s HSE Policy and guidelines;
▪ All HSE personnel will be authorized to implement the policies and requirements of the
environmental management plan;
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OGDCL will cooperate with regulatory agencies and other stakeholders who may intend to
send their own teams to monitor seismic activities.
8.8 Contractors
For proposed project OGDCL may acquire services for contractors for seismic activities. These
seismic contractors will nominate HSE representative / officer for their respective activities.
HSE Representative / Officer will be responsible for implementation of, or adherence to, all
provisions of the EMP and with any environmental and other codes of conduct required by
OGDCL. Overall responsibility for environmental performance of the operation will rest with
the senior management of the contractors. Site In-charges of the contractors will be responsible
for the effective implementation of the EMP.
8.9 Regulators
Sindh Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) will monitor compliance with the
requirements of EMP of the project and any additional mitigation measures provided in the
approval for the project.
8.10 Independent Monitoring Consultant (IMC)

OGDCL will be responsible for ensuring the overall implementation of the EMP. For this
purpose it is suggested that OGDCL acquire services of Independent Monitoring Consultant
(IMC) for compliance and implementation of EMP. The responsibilities of IMC will include:
▪ Ensure that all environmental and social parameters/ provisions comply with the
applicable standards;
▪ Ensure that development and operational activities are carried out in an environmentally
sound and sustainable manner;
▪ Organize periodic environmental training programme and workshops for the Contactor's
staff and Site staff in consultation with OGDCL.
8.11 Implementation Stages of EMP

8.11.1 Planning and Design Stage
Design and other details of the proposed project include the activities described in Chapter 3 of
this EIA report. Following approval of the EIA from SEPA, if any aspect of the operation or

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requirements of the EIA need to be changed, OGDCL will categorise that changes in
accordance with the Change Management Plan provided in Section 8.1.20 of this EMP and take
appropriate measures thereon.
8.11.2 Operational Stage

Operational stage refers to all stages after designing and planning stage. In this EMP,
operational stage comprises of seismic activities. EMP will be implemented during all phases.
Implementation of following activities during operational stage is very essential for overall
management of mitigation measures.
8.11.3 Minimum Distances

The EIA specifies minimum distances to be maintained from environmental features including
communities, water sources, sensitive areas and archaeological/cultural/religious sites etc.
These minimum distances are provided in Table 8.1. OGDCL and the contractors will ensure
that these minimum distances are adhered to during the execution of the project.
Table 8.1: Minimum Distance from Environmental Receptors
Facility Distance
• 50m from all surface water sources
New access tracks • 100m from Sensitive receptor (house, School and market)
• 100m from Dhands
• 500 m from communities
Campsite • 500m from cultural sites (including graveyard and shrines)
• 200m from surface water bodies
• 30m from water wells
• 50m from houses (including mud house and huts etc)
• 50m from Surface water bodies e.g. dhands
Upholes • 50m from reptile hole/nest/den
• 100m from Tank/ dug well/hand pumps
• 50m from archaeological significant and cultural sites
• (including graveyard, religious sites and shrines)
Soak pits • 300m from all surface/ground water sources
• 50m from houses
• 50m from Surface water bodies
Shot holes and • 100m from Tank/ dug well/hand pumps
Vibrators • 50m from reptile hole/nest/den
• 50m from archaeological significant and
• (including graveyard, religious sites and shrines)

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8.12 HSE Management System

OGDCL and the contractors will ensure that the organisational HSE Management System is
implemented during the proposed project activities. The contractors will abide by the relevant
contractual provisions relating to the environment.
8.13 Emergency Preparedness

Emergency preparedness plan will be prepared and maintained by OGDCL and its contractor to
deal with any emergency situation that may arise during the project activities e.g. fire
emergency, major oil spills, occupational health & safety hazard etc. and communicate these to
the regulatory agencies (if required by these agencies). However, OGDCL has a clearly defined,
well-structured and dynamic Emergency Response Plan.
8.14 Communication and Documentation

HSE matters will be discussed during daily tail gate meetings held on-site, in order to monitor,
manage and document the environmental performance of project activities. Environmental
concerns raised during the meetings will be resolved after discussions between OGDCL and
contractor’s management representative or higher management (if required). Weekly and
monthly environmental reports will be generated by OGDCL Site HSE Coordinator and
contractor’s representative and will be shared to the respective higher management.
8.15 Environmental Training Programme

The OGDCL HSE Manager is overall responsible for identifying, arranging evaluating and
development of comprehensive environmental training programme for effective
implementation of the EMP. The OGDCL Site HSE Coordinator will determine the training
requirements for the contractors necessary for understanding and effective implementation of
the EMP. The OGDCL Site HSE Coordinator and contractor’s representatives will then
disseminate the necessary training to all project personnel.

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Table 8.2: Suggested Environmental Training
Project Activity Staff Contents

• Road safety
• Road restrictions
• Defensive driving
Drivers
• Vehicle restrictions
• Alcohol and drug policy
• Socio-economic sensitization
• Wildlife sensitivities
Seismic
• Communication of environmental appropriate
Crew officer
• Waste disposal
• Socio-economic sensitization
• Camp operation
Camp Staff • Waste Segregation
• Waste disposal
• Wildlife sensitivities
• Identification and avoidance of sensitive areas
Bull • Waste disposal
Construction Dozer • Waste management at work sites
Operators • Communication of environmental problems
appropriate officer
• Restoration requirements
8.16 Restoration
OGDCL will be responsible for the final restoration of work areas according to the
requirements of the EIA.
8.17 Change Management Plan

The EIA recognizes that changes in the operations or the EMP may be required during the
operation and therefore a Change Management Plan has been provided to manage such
changes. The management of changes is discussed under two separate headings, changes to the
EMP and changes to the Operation.
8.18 Changes to The EMP

▪ The EIA and the EMP have been developed based on the best possible information
available at the time of the EIA study. However, it is possible that during the seismic,
construction and operation phase some aspects of the EMP may need to be changed owing
to their non- applicability in a certain area of operation or the need for additional mitigation

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measures based on the findings of environmental monitoring during the seismic,

construction and operational phase. In such cases following actions shall be taken.
▪ A meeting will be held between OGDCL and the concerned contractor. During the
meeting the proposed deviation from the EMP, planning and designing will be discussed
and agreed upon by all parties.
▪ Based on the discussion during the meeting, a change report will be produced
collectively, which will include the original EMP clause/plan or design, the change that
has been agreed upon, and the reasons for the change.
▪ The report will be signed by all the parties and will be filed at the site office. A copy of
the report will be sent to OGDCL and contractor head offices.
▪ All relevant project personnel will be informed of the change.
8.19 Changes to The Operation

a) First-Order Change
A first order change is one that leads to a significant departure from the project described or the
impacts assessed in the EIA and consequently require a reassessment of the environmental
impacts associated with the change. Examples of such change include change in design of
proposed project.
In such an instance, the environmental impacts of the proposed change will be reassessed, and
the results sent to the Sindh EPA for approval.
b) Second-Order Change
A second-order change is one that entails project activities not significantly different from those
described in the EIA, and which may result in project impacts whose overall magnitude would
be similar to the assessment made in this report.
In case of such changes, the environmental impact of the activity will be reassessed, additional
mitigation measures specified if necessary, and the changes reported to the Sindh EPA
c) Third–Order Change
A third-order change is one that is of little consequence to the EIA findings. This type of
change does not result in impact levels exceeding those already assessed in the EIA; rather

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these may be made onsite to minimize the impact of an activity. The only action required in this
case will be to record the change in the change record register.
8.20 Waste Management Plan

The waste management plan is a necessary requirement to ensure that the impact of generated
wastes is kept to be a minimum. A generic waste management principle is discussed here, that
will be employed during the project while a detailed plan will be developed by the OGDCL and
its contractor. Different types of waste will be generated from different project activities which
needs to be properly disposed are;
▪ Seismic and construction waste
▪ Excess seismic and construction material
▪ Fuel, Oil & Chemical
▪ Recyclable waste
▪ Garbage
▪ Sewage etc.
General principles within this plan should be:
▪ All staff should be aware of waste management procedures;
▪ Waste Management procedures should be followed;
▪ Wastes shall be handled, stored and treated according to their nature or type;
▪ All reusable and recyclable waste should be segregated;
▪ All reusable waste should be reused where possible or sent for recycling or scrap
contractor;
Waste generation and disposal records should be maintained.
8.21 Environmental Monitoring Plan

Project activities would be monitored by OGDCL and its contractors; OGDCL Site HSE
Coordinator will monitor project activities and will keep records of all non-conformances
observed and report these along with actions to OGDCL management for further action. The

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Site HSE Coordinator will also communicate any anticipated impact(s) which was not covered
in EIA for further action.
OGDCL, IMC and the contractors will ensure that environmental monitoring of the project
activities is carried out according to the monitoring plan given in Table 8.3.
Table 8.3: Environmental Monitoring Plan
S. No. Monitoring Parameters Responsibility Timeline/ Frequency
Construction: Quarterly
1 Ambient air quality
OGDCL
Operation: Biyearly
2 Ambient noise monitoring
OGDCL
Operation: Biyearly
4 Vehicle Emission
OGDCL
Operation: Biyearly
3 Drinking Water
OGDCL
Operation: Biyearly
Construction: Monthly
5 Gaseous Emission
OGDCL
Operation: Monthly
Construction: Monthly
6 Wastewater
OGDCL
Operation: Quarterly
Note: Operation Mean Seismic Activities
8.22 Impacts Mitigation Plan

The purpose of impact mitigation plan is to ensure the implementation of mitigation measures
suggested in the EIA report. Impact mitigation plan is a reference tool for systematic
monitoring of the significant impacts identified in the EIA.
Suggested mitigation measures are summarized in Table 8.4 for seismic phase and contain the
following information.
▪ The required mitigation measures recommended in EIA report.

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▪ The person/organization directly responsible for adhering to or executing the required

mitigation measures.
▪ The person/organization responsible for ensuring the execution of mitigation measures in

the EIA report.
▪ A timescale for the implementation of the action to ensure that the objectives of
mitigation are fully achieved.
OGDCL and its contractors will ensure the compliance of suggested mitigation measures
during the entire project as described in this EIA.

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Table 8.4: Impact Mitigation Plan for Seismic Phase
S. No. Mitigation Measures Execution Monitoring Time Line/Frequency
1. Topography & Soil

Prior and during the land clearing
1.1 Vegetation clearing will be minimized. SC OGDCL
operation
Width of seismic line will be restricted to 4.5m in order to avoid
1.2 SC OGDCL During line preparation
unnecessary cutting of vegetation and soil removal.
Any loss of dense patches of riverine forest/ Vegetation will be
compensated by plantation/replantation. The number of trees to be
1.3 SC OGDCL, IMC As and when required
planted against the number removed will be determined in consultation
with the Sindh Forest department (SFD).
1.4 The number of access tracks will be specific and kept to minimum levels. SC OGDCL During the entire operation
Vehicle speeds will be regulated and monitored to avoid
1.5 SC OGDCL During the entire project
excessive dust emissions.
Water sprinkling should be carried out to minimize dust emissions due
vehicular movement and other construction activities.
Off-road travel should be avoided and observance of this should be
monitored during the operation.
Periodic training will be provided to drivers on mitigation measures
1.8 SC OGDCL, IMC During the entire project
related to off-road travel and speeds limits.
The well site and camp site will preferably be located in existing At the time of site selection for camp
1.9 SC OGDCL
clearing and levelled land. site
Access tracks (other than the tracks used for the access the project site) to
1.10 be used by water tankers, dumper trucks and other vehicles shall be SC OGDCL During the entire project
monitored.

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Movement of equipment will be restricted to avoid unnecessary

disturbance to soil.
Areas along the access track will be visually monitored and any area
showing signs of soil erosion will be compacted as necessary.
1.13 All fuel tanks/drums will be properly marked to highlight their contents SC OGDCL During the entire project
Fuels tanks/drums will be checked on regular basis for leaks and all such
leaks will be plugged immediately.
1.15 A spill prevention and contingency plan will be prepared to deal with spills. SC OGDCL During the entire project
Photographs will be taken before the well site construction activities to
record the conditions of campsite and well site locations that are likely to
undergo soil erosion. Similar photographs will be taken after restoration,
where applicable.
2. Water Resources
2.1 The water extraction will be kept at minimum. SC OGDCL During the entire project
A complete record of water consumption during seismic activities will be

SC OGDCL During the entire operation
2.2 maintained.
The water used during project activities (seismic, construction) will be kept
2.3 to the minimum required by taking cautious on site measures related to SC OGDCL During the entire operation
water conservation.
Water conservation strategies will be developed to avoid over
2.4 SC OGDCL During the entire operation
consumption or depletion of water resource in the project area.

8-14
In case; new water well is installed by OGDCL, this shall be drilled in deep
2.5 SC OGDCL, IMC During the entire operation
aquifer and at least 500 m from nearest community water well.
Water from public sources i.e. surface or ground water will only be
2.6 abstracted after getting formal permission from the concerned department SC OGDCL, IMC During the entire operation
and fulfilling the requirements of the EIA and EMP.
Follow good housekeeping practices with all machinery that may
potentially discharge into wastewater pit.
Septic tanks and soak pits will be emptied periodically to ensure that
2.8 SC OGDCL As and when required
effluent does not overflow into surrounding areas.
Sumps will remain covered all the time and measures will be taken to
prevent rainwater entry.
Septic tanks and soak pits will be designed so that runoff does not flow into
2.10 SC OGDCL Before start of work
them.
At the time of restoration, septic tanks will be removed and the pits
2.11 SC OGDCL, IMC After the completion of work
will be backfilled.
Waste storage area should be properly covered, isolated and lined with
2.12 tarpaulin or other appropriate material to avoid ground water SC OGDCL During the entire operation
contamination from leachate.
Fuels and lubricants will be stored in areas with impervious floors and bunds
that can contain spills.
All areas containing potentially hazardous materials will be isolated
from the remaining site.
2.15 All fuel tanks/drums will be properly marked to highlight their contents. SC OGDCL During the entire operation

8-15
Fuels tanks/drums will be checked on regular basis for leaks and all such
leaks will be plugged immediately.
3. Ambient Air Quality

All equipment, generators, and vehicles used during the construction
3.1 phase will be properly tuned and maintained in good working condition in SC OGDCL During the entire operation
order to minimize exhaust emissions
All project vehicles will be checked regularly to ensure that engines are in
sound working condition and are not emitting smoke
Well site and campsite should be located at least 500 m away from
3.3 SC OGDCL Prior to the construction of camp site.
communities
Access track to access well sites and camp site will maintain a practical
3.4 distance from communities in order to avoid dust impacts on nearby SC OGDCL During the entire operation
communities
Dust emissions during construction activities will be minimized by
good management practices such as locating stock piles out of the
wind direction, keeping the height of the stock piles to a minimum,
keeping earthwork areas damp etc.
Imposing speed limits will reduce the dust emissions produced by
vehicular movement.
Water sprinkling should be carried out to minimize dust emissions in
order to minimum deterioration of ambient air quality.
4. Noise Pollution & Vibration
Proper engineering control will be applied to noise producing sources

like generator (Canopy, muffler and enclosure will be installed/

8-16

provided to reduce the noise impact on the surroundings and nearby
communities).
It will be ensured that generators, vehicles and other potentially noisy
equipment used are in good condition.
Noise from generators, vehicles and other equipment and machinery will be
4.3 SC During the entire operation
kept to the minimum through regular maintenance. OGDCL
The use of horns by project vehicles will be minimized. The use of pressure
horns will not be allowed OGDCL
Camp & Well site will be located at a distance mentioned in this EIA
report in order to minimize the noise impacts. OGDCL
All on-site personnel will use required personal protective equipment
(PPE) in high noise areas that will be clearly marked.
Ambient noise levels (intermittently) will be monitored during
construction activities.
5. Waste Generation
Black water (sewage water) should be disposed through septic system

comprising of septic tanks and soak pits.
Grey water (washing water, kitchen water etc.) should be disposed through
soak pits and where required should be sprinkled on access tracks.
Septic tanks and soak pits should be constructed and designed to
accommodate domestic sewage i.e. black and grey water.
Soak pits and septic tanks will be confined with a buffer area in order to
5.4 SC OGDCL At the time of construction
stop any entrance or its exposure to outer environment.

8-17
Solid residue from the septic tanks should be transported to municipal

sewage treatment facilities in any nearby city.
All project related vehicles should be checked on regular basis for
5.6 fuel or oil leaks. Vehicles with leaks should not be allowed to operate SC OGDCL During the entire operation
until repaired.
All chemical and fuel storage areas are equipped with secondary
containment in the form of concrete or brick masonry dykes/bunds.
5.8 Solid waste disposal should be through waste contractors SC OGDCL During the entire operation
The recyclable waste should be sent to waste contractors/ vender or any

other recycling facility for reused.
5.10 Medical waste should be sent to an EPA approved incineration facility. SC OGDCL During the entire operation
Non-recyclable debris and domestic garbage should be stored separately and

sent to nearest domestic contractor for final disposal
Waste management procedures and activities should be monitored to
avoid any land c o n t a m i n a t i o n .
A waste management plan should be developed before the start of the
5.13 project activities. Key elements of the waste management system are SC OGDCL Before start of work
discussed in detail in respective section of the EIA report.
6. Vehicular Movement
Noise from all type of vehicles will be kept to the minimum through
regular maintenance.

8-18
The use of horns by project vehicles will be minimised. The use of pressure
horns will not be allowed.
Where required, water sprinkling will be carried out to minimize dust
6.3 SC OGDCL As and when required
emissions due to vehicular movement and other activities.
Imposing speed limits, all drivers will receive specific direction
on this requirement.
7. Vegetation
Vegetation clearing during seismic activities and construction of well

7.1 SC OGDCL During seismic operation
sites and camp sites will be kept to a minimum.
When developing new access roads, routes that minimize vegetation loss
will be chosen, avoiding unnecessary damage to vegetation.
7.3 Use of local vegetation as fuel by project personnel will be prohibited. SC OGDCL During the entire operation
Clearing of dense vegetation during project activities shall be
7.4 minimized by careful selection of camps and access tracks by SC OGDCL During the entire operation
providing off-site tracks.
Clearing of vegetation/forest should be avoided and incase of any plant
damaged it should be replanted and monitored through IMC.
8. Wildlife and Habitat
No-hunting and no-trapping policy will be strictly enforced, unless human

life is under threat.
8.2 Harassment of wildlife during construction activities will not be allowed. SC OGDCL During the entire operation

8-19
Areas with concentrated colonies of active burrows and dens will be

8.3 avoided during the seismic activities & access track SC OGDCL During the entire operation
improvement/construction.
Prior to the improvement and construction works on the access tracks, areas
with small mammal and reptile holes will be identified. All live holes will
be disturbed manually or by other appropriate means so as to dislocate
species residing in these holes.
Training should be provided to drivers and staff for safe driving
practices to protect local community and wildlife.
8.6 All mitigations related to minimising noise will be adhered to. SC OGDCL During the entire operation
General awareness of the crew would be provided regarding the

8.7 wildlife, through environmental training, notice board postings, SC OGDCL During the entire operation
tool box talks etc.
The project staff would be educated and morally trained to avoid killing,
feeding or harassment of wildlife.
8.9 Night time travelling will be kept to a minimum. SC OGDCL During the entire operation
8.10 Lights used at well sites and campsites will be kept to the minimum required. SC OGDCL During the entire operation
Food wastes will not be disposed off in the open. Food wastes collected in
8.11 waste segregation units will be disposed off according to waste SC OGDCL During the entire operation
management plan.

8-20
9. Land Acquisition and Compensation
A generous compensation will be granted to land owner as per prevailing

9.1 OGDCL OGDCL Prior to or during construction
market rates (if land acquired for construction activities)
Compensation amount should be disbursed in time to avoid any

9.2 OGDCL OGDCL Before start of work
conflicts between proponent and local community.
Agricultural, archaeological, religious or other valuable land will not be

9.3 OGDCL OGDCL During the entire operation
used for seismic activities without consent of respective authorities.
10. Community Disturbance

While deploying major noise generating equipment, it should be checked
10.1 that all noise abatement devices are in good working condition and proper SC OGDCL During the entire operation
measures have been taken to minimize the noise levels.
10.2 Use alternate route, wherever possible, that passes away from community. SC OGDCL During the entire operation
Campsite will be selected away from the human settlements and

maintain a minimum distance of 500 m.
Consent from respective local authority is mandatory prior to use

of local resources e.g. water
All the mitigation measurements for the vehicles movement &
10.5 waste management mentioned above will be followed to avoid any SC OGDCL During the entire operation
disturbance.

8-21
11. Restricted Mobility
11.1 Ensure there should be no interaction with the local womenfolk. SC OGDCL During the entire operation
11.2 Project staff should respect local cultural norms. SC OGDCL During the entire operation
11.3 Project crew should be restricted to work corridor SC OGDCL During the entire operation
Limit the social interaction between the project team and local
11.4 communities in order to avoid disputes between the construction team SC OGDCL During the entire operation
and locals.
12. Community Grievance/Complaints
Grievance handling system will be established to address

community grievance/complaints.
A social complaint register will be maintained on site by OGDCL. All
complaints received from local communities shall be noted.
Community complaints shall be duly addressed and appropriately resolved.
12.3 The measures taken to mitigate these concerns will also be noted in social OGDCL OGDCL During the entire operation
complaint register.
13. Archaeological, Cultural and Religious Sites
Ensure all project activities will be carried out away from any
archaeological, cultural and religious site, if any.

8-22
For all other sites of local significance e.g. Masjids, graveyard etc. a safe
13.2 OGDCL OGDCL Before start of work
distance (determined after consultation with locals) will be maintained.
Safe distance should be maintained to avoid any physical damage, change in
13.3 aesthetic value, or disrespect to any site of archaeological or religious OGDCL OGDCL During the entire operation
importance.
Any sudden discovery of any such site of archaeological, cultural and
13.4 religious importance during project activities shall be communicated to SC OGDCL During the entire operation
project proponent for further intimation to relevant department.
14. Community Safety
Project vehicles should follow speed limits which will reduce road safety
issues significantly.
14.2 Safe driving practices will be adopted while passing through settlements. SC OGDCL During the entire operation
Explosives should be stored in an isolated and clearly marked area.
14.3 The area should be constructed keeping in view community and SC OGDCL During the entire operation
campsite safety.
Local people will be informed about project activities in order to keep
locals especially children away from project area.
15. Emergencies And Accidents

Ensure emergency response plan should be developed and implemented to
15.1 cater different emergency situation as mentioned in respective section of OGDCL OGDCL, IMC During the entire operation
the report.
Ensure project related staffs are well aware and trained on emergency
response plan.

8-23
15.3 Ensure provision of first aid at site in case of any emergency. SC OGDCL During the entire operation
16. Employment
OGDCL and its contractors should employ local residents for semi skilled
16.1 and unskilled opportunities and wherever possible, for skilled jobs during SC OGDCL During the entire operation
the project cycle.
Local residents living closest to the project location will be given priority
in the employment process.
Labour from local communities will be recruited equitably among the
tribes and the employment procedures will be transparent.
IMC : Independent Monitoring Consultant
OGDCL : Oil & Gas Development Company
SC : Seismic Contractor

8-24
CHAPTER – 09
CONCLUSION
9 Conclusion
Pakistan spends billions of dollars to import the crude oil and other petroleum products and
as a result total import bill is rising for every consecutive fiscal year. To reduce this loss of
foreign exchange the government is committed to maximize replacement of imported
furnace oil and diesel oil with indigenous natural gas.
The share of natural gas in primary energy supplies of the country is about 47.6%, and is the
primary fuel used in the fertilizer industries, in addition to its uses in the residential,
commercial sectors and in power generation.
The current situation: Energy sources in Pakistan's current energy mix include hydel,
thermal (coal, gas and furnace oil), and nuclear for electricity generation, and gasoline,
diesel, and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) for transport applications. Pakistan's primary
energy mix-2011 as derived from Pakistan Energy Yearbook 2011 is: Oil 32.0%; Gas
47.6%; LPG; 0.5%; Coal 6.7%; Hydro, Nuclear & Imported Electricity 13.2%.
There is, therefore, a vital need to explore for additional energy reserves and further develop
existing fields. The proposed project will help towards achieving this objective and will
contribute to reduce Pakistan’s energy demand.
After the detailed impact assessment activity, it can be concluded that Project will bring
positive changes in physical, biological and socioeconomic environments. Some activities
under this project have been identified to cause low to moderate environmental negative
impacts and their mitigation measures have been prescribed. Proper and timely execution of
these measures will reverse most of the negative impacts in the long term. These impacts
can be controlled by regular monitoring as OGDCL would comply with national and
international environmental, safety and health standards. Protection and monitoring
measures will be incorporated at each phase of the proposed project activity
SGS Pakistan successfully materialized the EIA study of the proposed project. The study
was based on baseline environmental and socioeconomic information, which was collected
from a variety of sources, including reports of previous studies, desk studies, census report
Conclusion
9-1
etc. All adequate requirements have been addressed in this EIA report, which has a viable
length covering the following:
▪ The proposed project activities

▪ Environmental conditions of the proposed site and its surroundings
▪ Legislative requirements related to the project
▪ Significant environmental impacts of the proposed project activities on the physical,
biological and socio-economic receptors
▪ Mitigation measures in order to reduce any impact on physical, biological and socio-
economic receptors
▪ An EMP has been provided that will help in effective implementation of the
mitigation measures.
This environmental study has fully examined the potential environmental impacts due to
proposed project activities. Mitigation measures that required minimizing or obviating these
impacts are also suggested.
It is therefore concluded that
“Proposed seismic activities with associated seismic data acquisition, construction work has
low intensity adverse impacts, likely to be of short term duration, minor and of local
consequence and are insignificant. A vigilant implementation of mitigation measures and
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) will ensure that environmental impacts are
managed and minimized and are within acceptable limits.”
Moreover, proposed project activities will not lead to pose adverse environmental impacts, if
suggested mitigation measures and EMP is implemented effectively.
Conclusion
9-2
CHAPTER – 10
REFERENCES
10. References
1) Ali, S. I. and Qaiser M. 1995, Flora of Pakistan Fascicles.

2) Ali, S. 1996. The Book of Indian Birds. Twelfth edition, Natural History Society &
Oxford University Press.
3) District Census Report of Sheikhupura, Pakistan Bureau of Statistics.
4) District Census Report of Narowal, Pakistan Bureau of Statistics.
5) Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume III: Guidelines for Environmental
Assessment of Energy and Industry Projects. World Bank Technical Paper No. 154,
Environment Department, the World Bank, 1991.
6) Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) guidelines, International Finance
Corporation (IFC) World Bank Group, 2008.
7) Government of Pakistan. 1860. The Pakistan Penal Code.
8) Government of Pakistan. 1975. The Antiquities Act.
9) Sindh Environmental Protection Act 2014
10) Sindh Environmental Protection Agency (Review of Initial Environmental
Examination and Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulation 2014
11) Government of Pakistan. 1997a. Guidelines for Public Consultation. Draft. Pakistan
Environmental Protection Agency.
12) Government of Pakistan. 1997c. Guidelines for Preparation and Review of
Environmental Report. Draft. Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency.
13) Government of Pakistan. 1997d. Policy and Procedures for Filing, Review and
Approval of Environmental Assessments. Pakistan Environmental Protection
Agency.
14) IUCN. 1997. Biodiversity Action plan for Pakistan. First Draft. World Conservation
Union.
15) IUCN. 1998. Model Provincial Wildlife (Protection, Conservation and Management)
Act. Draft. World Conservation Union.
16) Sindh Environmental Quality Standards (SEQS)
17) Pakistan Metrological Department, Pakistan.
References
10-1
ANNEXURE A
PROJECT TEAM
Annex - A: Project Team
Sr. # Name Expertise Role and Responsibility
Director Operations
1. Ms. Tasneem
Mineral & Environmental EIA Expert and Technical Peer Review
Ilyas
Services
Client coordination, Impact
2. Ms. Ammara Deputy Manager Assessment and Mitigation Measures,
Naqvi EIA/HSE Expert. Environmental Management Plan,
Technical Report Writing.,
3. Legal framework review and
Mr. Fahad Saleem Deputy Manager Stakeholder consultation
EIA Expert, Environmental Baseline,
4. Mr. Irfan Ali Environmentalist Project Alternatives, Technical Report
Writing.
Socio-economic baseline data
5. Mr. Zeeshan collection, Public Consultation, Field
Environmentalist Visits and Social Surveys, Technical
Ismail
Report Writing
6. Project Alternatives, Technical Report
Ms. Farva Environmentalist Writing.
7. Mr. Usman Raisat Field Officer Water and Soil Sampling
8. Mr. Zulfiqar Field Officer Environmental Monitoring
9. Mr. Saad Shahid Lab Incharge Water & Soil Analysis
10. Mr. Ali Ahmed

GIS Expert Study maps development
Khan
Annex - A
A-1
ANNEXURE B
THE SINDH
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION ACT 2014.
ANNEXURE C
SEPA EIA IEE
REGULATIONS 2014
ANNEXURE D
SINDH ENVIRONMENTAL
QUALITY STANDARD 2016

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Environmental Impact

SGS PAKISTAN (PVT) LIMITED

Ex 0.1: 3D seismic activity area project location map

Ex Summary 1.1: 3D Recording Land Geometry

Source Type Dynamite / Vibroseis

Survey Type Orthogonal

Receiver Line Interval 300m

Ex Summary 1.1: 3D Recording Land Geometry

Source Line Interval 300m

Patch configuration 20L*6S*144CH/L

Total No. of Live Channels 2880

Total Fold 12*10 = 120

Aspect Ratio 0.83

Source Density 66.67

Inline Maximum Offset 3575m

Largest Offset 4650.9m

No. of Geophones / Stations 24

Geophone Array Linear

Sample Rate 2msec

Record Length 6 sec

Swath Uniform, 06 shots/salvo

In-line roll/X-line roll 01 Line

Ex 0.2: Protected areas in the project boundaries

List of stakeholders being identified and consulted is given as

▪ Chief Conservator of Sindh Wildlife Department

The main aspects associated with potential impacts are as follow;

▪ Water resources (aquifer and surface water quality)

▪ Ambient air quality

▪ Greenhouse gases emissions

▪ Ozone depleting substance

▪ Ecology of the area, including flora and fauna

▪ Socio-economic conditions; and

▪ Physical disturbance as a result of project activities;

▪ Storage of chemicals, oil, fuel or waste;

▪ Likely impacts of these activities can include:

▪ Physical scarring of the landscape;

▪ Increased risk of land slippage;

▪ Accelerated soil erosion;

▪ Alteration of soil quality by loss of topsoil;

▪ Aquatic ecology may disturb due to soil erosion.

▪ Unnecessary clearing of vegetation will be strictly prohibited;

▪ Any loss of dense patches of riverine forest will be compensated by plantation/replantation.

▪ The number of routes will be kept to a minimum.

a) Assessment of Potential Impacts

▪ Campsite will be located at least 500 m away from communities;

▪ Habitat loss due to vegetation clearing

a) Assessment of Potential Impacts

▪ Harassment of wildlife during project activities will be avoided;

▪ Use of firearms will be clearly restricted;

▪ Physical disturbance to areas outside the work corridors will be avoided;

▪ The total duration of activities will be minimized by good management;

▪ Night travelling during project activities will be kept to a minimum;

▪ Lights used at the campsites will be kept to the minimum required;

▪ Avoid unnecessary vehicular movement to minimize noise impacts on wildlife.

▪ The proposed project activities

It is therefore concluded that

2 Legal Framework ................................................................................... 2-1

3. Project Description ................................................................................. 3-1

3.11 Fire Safety During Seismic Activities ............................................................ 3-15

5.3.6 Irrigation ............................................................................................................ 5-54

6. Stakeholders Consultation..................................................................... 6-1

6.6.6 Village Alawario Mangwano .............................................................................. 6-9

7. Impact Prediction, Evaluation and Mitigation Measures .................. 7-1

EIA - OGDCL - 3D Seismic - Khewari & Bitrisim Report 2020

EIA - OGDCL - 3D Seismic - Khewari & Bitrisim Report 2020

Patch configuration 20L6S144CH/L