Momentum and Impulse

“A truck and a skate moving down

the hill at same speed”
 Momentum
Momentum is…
⮚ the product of mass
and velocity
⮚ p=mv
(where: m-mass (kg) ; v-
velocity (m/s))
⮚ it can also be referred
to as “inertia in
motion”
⮚ a vector quantity
 The formula for Momentum

Momentum (p) is directly proportional to the product of mass

(m) and velocity (v).
Therefore, any change in the mass or the velocity of an object
can result to a change in momentum.
Also, since it depends on the velocity of an object, an object at
rest has zero (0) momentum.
 Can a light motorcycle have the
same momentum as a heavy truck?
 Momentum
SAMPLE PROBLEM
A steel ball whose mass is 2.0 kg is rolling at
a rate of 2.8 m/s. What is its momentum?
 Momentum
TRY THIS!
A marble is rolling at a velocity of 1.5 m/s
with a momentum of 0.10 kg m/s. What is its
mass?
 Impulse
•
 The formula for Impulse

Impulse (J) is directly proportional to force (F) and

time (t).
Therefore, any change in the amount of force (F) or
the time (t) associated with the motion will result to
a change in its impulse (J).
Practical Examples
 Impulse
SAMPLE PROBLEM
If the football halfback experienced a force of
800 N for 0.9 seconds to the north, determine
the impulse.
 Impulse
TRY THIS!
A 0.10 kg model rocket’s engine is designed to
deliver an impulse of 6.0 Ns. If the rocket
engine burns for 0.75 s, what is the average
force does the engine produce?
Summary

In terms of an equation, the

momentum of an object is
equal to the mass of the
object times the velocity of the
object.
Momentum = mass • velocity
p = mv
 To stop an object with
momentum, it is
necessary to apply a
As the force acts upon the
object for a given amount of
force against its motion
time, the object's velocity is for a given period of
changed ( speed up/slow time.
down/change direction); and
hence, the object's momentum
is changed. F=m•a
F = m • ∆v / t
Ft = m∆v
Impulse = Change in
momentum
Impulse-Momentum Theorem

IMPULSE CHANGE IN MOMENTUM

This theorem reveals some

interesting relationships
such as the INVERSE
relationship between
FORCE and TIME
Impulse-Momentum Relationships
Impulse-Momentum Relationships
SAMPLE PROBLEM
A tow-truck applies a force of 2,000 N
on a 2,000 kg car for a period of 3
seconds. What is the magnitude of
the change in the car's momentum?

∆p = F∆t
∆p = (2,000 N) (3 s)
∆p = 6,000 N·s
Impulse-Momentum Relationships
TRY THIS!
An impulse of 11 Ns from a rocket
engine has 12.5 g of fuel. What is the
exhaust velocity?

m∆v = F∆t
(.0125 kg) (vf – vi ) = 11 Ns
vf = 880 m/s
Conservation of Momentum
The Law of Conservation of Momentum:
“In the absence of an external force (gravity,
friction), the total momentum before the collision
is equal to the total momentum after the
collision.”
 Collisions
A collision is an event where momentum or
kinetic energy is transferred from one
object to another.

TYPES OF COLLISION

⮚ Elastic- a collision in ⮚Inelastic- a collision in which

which there is no net there is a loss of kinetic
loss in kinetic energy in energy. While momentum of
the system as a result of the system is conserved in an
the collision. Both inelastic collision, kinetic
momentum and kinetic energy is not.
energy are conserved. ⮚Perfectly Inelastic
 Collisions
ELASTIC COLLISION INELASTIC COLLISION
Conserved Kinetic Energy Conserved Momentum, Not
and Momentum conserved Kinetic Energy

Two objects will not stick

Two objects will not stick but will

have deformation
 Collisions
PERFECTLY INELASTIC
COLLISION
Conserved Momentum, Not
conserve KE
v = 10 v=0
M M
Before collision
v’ = 5
M M
After collision
Two object will stick
 Conservation of Momentum
SAMPLE PROBLEM
A man shoots a paintball at an old can on a fencepost.
The paintball pellet has a mass of 0.200 g, and the can has
a mass of 15.0 g. The paintball hits the can at a velocity of
90.0 m/s. If the full mass of the paintball sticks to the can
and knocks it off the post, what is the final velocity of the
combined paintball and can?
 Conservation of Momentum
SAMPLE PROBLEM
A red ball of mass 0.2 kg moving at 5 m/s hits a resting
blue ball of mass 0.25 kg, in an elastic collision. After
the collision, the red ball comes to a stop. What is the
final velocity of the blue ball?