IT0025 - M1 - Social and Professional Issues
 The Business Software Alliance (BSA) is a trade group that
M1 - Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users
ST1 - IT Worker Relationships That Must Be Managed
Intended Learning Outcome
–Distinguish a professional from other kinds of workers, and is an
IT worker considered a professional;
–Discuss why communication is important in the workplace; and
–Explain codes of ethics, professional organizations, certification,
and licensing affect the ethical behavior of IT professionals.
IT Professionals
Profession is a calling that requires.
 Special knowledge
 Long and intensive academic preparation
Are IT Workers Professionals?
 Mobile application developers
 Programmers
 Systems analysts
 Database administrators
 Network administrators
Legal perspective
 IT workers are not recognized as professionals because
they are not licensed by the state or federal government.
 IT workers are not liable for malpractice because they do
not meet the legal definition of a professional.
Professional Relationships That Must Be Managed
- IT professionals have many different relationships with:
Relationships Between IT Professionals and Employers
 An IT worker and an employer typically agree on
fundamental aspects of this relationship before the
worker accepts an employment offer.
 IT workers must set an example and enforce policies
regarding the ethical use of IT.
 Software piracy is an area in which IT workers may be
tempted to violate laws and policies.
represents the world’s largest software and hardware
manufacturers.
o Its mission is to stop the unauthorized copying
of software produced by its members.
Trade secret
 Information used in business.
 Generally unknown to the public
 Company has taken strong measures to keep confidential
Whistle-blowing
 Attracts attention to a negligent, illegal, unethical,
abusive, or dangerous act that threatens the public
interest.
Relationships Between IT Professionals and Clients
 In relationships between IT workers and clients, each party
agrees to provide something of value to the other.
 This relationship is usually documented in contractual
terms.
 The client makes decisions about a project on the basis of
information, alternatives, and recommendations
provided by the IT worker.
 Problems can also arise during a project if IT workers find
themselves unable to provide full and accurate reporting
of the project’s status.
 Such situation has the potential to undermine the
objectivity of an IT worker due to a conflict of interest - a
conflict between the IT worker’s (or the IT firm’s) self-
interest and the client’s interests.
Fraud
 Crime of obtaining goods, services, or property through
deception or trickery.
Misrepresentation
 is the misstatement or incomplete statement of a
material fact.
 the other party to enter into a contract, that party may
have the legal right to cancel the contract or seek
reimbursement for damages.
Breach of Contract
 one party fails to meet the terms of a contract
Relationships Between IT Professionals and Suppliers
Develop good relationships with suppliers
 Deal fairly with them
 Do not make unreasonable demands
Bribery
 Providing money, property, or favors to someone in
business or government to obtain a business advantage.
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IT0025 - M1 - Social and Professional Issues
Distinguishing between bribes and gifts
Bribes Gifts
Are made in secret, as they are Are made openly and publicly,
neither legally nor morally as a gesture of friendship or
acceptable goodwill
Are often made indirectly Are made directly from donor
through a third party to recipient
Encourage an obligation for Come with no expectation of a
the recipient to act favorably future favor for the donor
toward the donor
Relationships Between IT Workers and Other Professionals
 Professionals owe each other adherence to profession’s
code of conduct.
 Ethical problems between members of the IT profession
o resume inflation
o Inappropriate sharing of corporate information
Relationships Between IT Professionals and IT Users
 IT user refers to a person who uses a hardware or
software product; the IT workers who develop, install,
service, and support the product.
IT professionals’ duty
 Understand users’ needs and capabilities
 Deliver products and services that best meet those needs
 Establish an environment that supports ethical behavior
by users
Relationships Between IT Workers and Society
 Society expects members of a profession to provide
significant benefits and to not cause harm through their
actions.
 The actions of an IT worker can affect society.
Effective Professional Communication
 Communication is one of the major concerns in the
workplace.
 According to the statistics, 57% of employees report not
being given clear directions and 69% of managers are not
comfortable communicating with the employees in
general.
 From the statistics, it is clear that there is a need to
improve communication in the workplace.
 Communication in the workplace is one of the signs of a
high-performance culture.
 Exchanging information and ideas within an organization
is called workplace communication.
 However, effective communication occurs when a
message is sent and received accurately.
Why is communication so important in the workplace?
 It avoids confusion
 It provides purpose
 It builds a positive company culture
 It creates accountability
Here are the skills that employers mostly seek in new hires, ranked
in terms of priority.
 Oral communication
 Listening
 Written communication
 Public speaking
 Adaptability
How do you improve communication?
 Start using the right tools for your business
 Encourage two-way communication
 Tell people what they are doing right
 Specific and descriptive feedback
 Schedule a compulsory check-in
- Communication can be formal, informal, internal or external. And
within an organization, it is important to develop a healthy and
beneficial communication process.
- Effective Communication is the key to achieving long-term
success, so make sure you follow the above outline strategies.
How to develop your Professional Communication Skills?
 Ask for feedback: If you carry out a presentation, ask
yourself how you think you could improve next time.
 Learn from others: If you look up to someone who has
good communication skills, watch what they do and learn
from them.
 Try active listening: A good communicator listens.
 Enroll in a course: To really become a better
communicator, you should consider enrolling in a course
that can refresh your skills and develop new ones.
Encouraging the Professionalism of IT Workers
- IT workers of all types can improve their profession’s reputation
for professionalism by
1. subscribing to a professional code of ethics;
2. joining and participating in professional organizations;
3. obtaining appropriate certifications, and;
4. supporting government licensing where available
Professional Codes of Ethics
 A professional code of ethics states the principles and core
values that are essential to the work of a particular
occupational group.
 Codes of ethics created by professional organizations
have two main parts:
o The first outlines what the organization aspires
to become.
o Lists rules and principles by which members of
the organization are expected to abide.
Benefits for individual, profession, and society
 Improves ethical decision making
 Promotes high standards of practice and ethical behavior
 Enhances trust and respect from the general public
 Provides an evaluation benchmark
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IT0025 - M1 - Social and Professional Issues
Professional Organizations CompTIA A+ Performing computer and
 No universal code of ethics for IT professionals. network maintenance,
 No single, formal organization of IT professionals has troubleshooting, and
emerged as preeminent. installation including
addressing security issues
IT Professional Organizations Project Management Leading and directing projects
Institute’s Project
Organization URL for code of ethics Management Professional
Association for www.acm.org/about/code-of-ethics (PMP)
Computing Machinery
Institute of Electrical Seeri.etsu.edu/Codes/TheSECode.ht Common Industry Certifications
and Electronics m
Engineers Computer Category Certification Certifying
Society (IEEE-CS) organization
Association of www.aitp.org/?page=Ethics Security CompTIA Security+ Computer
Information Technology
Technology Industry
Professionals (AITP) Association
SysAdmin, Audit, www.sans.org/security- Security Certified Security International
Network, Security resources/ethics.php Analyst Council of E-
(SANS) Institute commerce
Consultants (EC)
Certification Forensics Certified The International
 Indicates a professional possesses a particular set of Computer Society of Forensic
skills, knowledge, or abilities in the opinion of a certifying Examiner Computer
organization. Examiners
 Can also apply to products. Governance Certified in the ISAGA
 On the other hand, because certification is no substitute Governance of
for experience and doesn’t guarantee that a person will Enterprise IT
perform well on the job. Project Project Project
 IT employees are motivated to learn new skills, and management Management Management
certification provides a structured way of doing so. Professional Institute

Vendor Certifications Government Licensing

 Some certifications substantially improve IT workers’ - In the United States, a government license is government-issued
salaries and career prospects. permission to engage in an activity or to operate a business.
 Require passing a written exam.
 Workers are commonly recertified as newer technologies Case for licensing IT professionals
become available.  Encourage IT professionals to follow the highest
standards of the profession
Industry Association Certifications  Practice a code of ethics
 Require a certain level of experience and a broader  Violators would be punished
perspective than vendor certifications.

Certifications in high demand

Certification Subject Matter

Microsoft Certified
Technology Specialist
Cisco Certified Internetwork
Expert
Cisco Certified Network
Professional Security
Designing and optimizing
solutions based on Microsoft
products and technologies.
Managing and
troubleshooting large
networks
Configuring and designing
firewalls and the security
settings on routers and
switches

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ST2 - IT Professional Malpractice
Intended Learning Outcomes
 Explain the common ethical issues of the IT users; and
 Understand the ethical practices of the users.
- For most IT workers, becoming licensed as a software engineer is
optional because they practice under the “industrial exemption”
clause of their state’s licensing laws that permits them to work
internally for an organization without licensure so long as they are
not making final decisions to release product to the public or
offering engineering services directly to the public (for example,
software engineering consultant).
 Negligence has been defined as not doing something that
a reasonable man would do, or doing something that a
reasonable man would not do.
 Duty of care refers to the obligation to protect people
against any unreasonable harm or risk.
 Courts consistently reject attempts to sue individual
parties for computer-related malpractice.
 The courts decide whether parties owe a duty of care by
applying a reasonable person standard to evaluate how
an objective, careful, and conscientious person would
have acted in the same circumstances.
 A breach of the duty of care is the failure to act as a
reasonable person would act.
 Professionals who breach the duty of care are liable for
injuries that their negligence causes.
 This liability is commonly referred to as professional
malpractice.
 For example, a CPA who fails to use reasonable care,
knowledge, skill, and judgment when auditing a client’s
books is liable for accounting malpractice.
Common Ethical Issues for IT Users
Software piracy
 Inappropriate use of computing resources
o Private data
o Confidential Information
 Sometimes IT users are the ones who commit software
piracy.
 A common violation occurs when employees copy
software from their work computers for use at home.
 The increasing popularity of the Android smartphone
operating system has created a serious software piracy
problem.
 Some IT end users have figured out how to download
 Applications from the Google Play store without paying
for them, and then use the software or sell it to others.
 The software piracy rate for that same game from Apple’s
App store is closer to 60 percent.
 Software piracy can have a negative impact on future
software development if professional developers
become discouraged watching revenue from legitimate
sales sink while the sales of pirated software and games
skyrocket.
Inappropriate Use of Computing Resources
 Some employees use their computers to surf popular
websites that have nothing to do with their jobs,
participate in chat rooms, view pornographic sites, and
play computer games.
 These activities eat away at a worker’s productivity and
waste time.
 A survey by the Fawcett Society found that one in five
men admit to viewing porn at work, while a separate
study found that 30 percent of mobile workers are
viewing porn on their web-enabled phones
 Organizations typically fire frequent pornography
offenders and take disciplinary action against less
egregious offenders.
Inappropriate Sharing of Information
 Every organization stores vast amounts of information
that can be classified as either private or confidential.
 Private data describe individual employees—for
example, their salary information, attendance data,
health records, and performance ratings.
 An IT user who shares this information with an
unauthorized party, even inadvertently, has violated
someone’s privacy or created the potential that company
information could fall into the hands of competitors.
Ethical Practices of IT Users
 The growing use of IT has increased the potential for new
ethical issues and problems; thus, many organizations
have recognized the need to develop policies that protect
against abuses.
 Adherence to a policy can improve services to users,
increase productivity, and reduce costs.
Supporting the Ethical Practices of IT Users
 The growing use of IT has increased the potential for new
ethical issues and problems; thus, many organizations
have recognized the need to develop policies that protect
against abuses.
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 Adherence to a policy can improve services to users,
increase productivity, and reduce costs.
Ethical Practices of IT Users
 Establishing Guidelines for Use of Company Software
 Defining the Appropriate Use of IT Resources
 Structuring Information Systems to Protect Data and
Information
 Installing and Maintaining a Corporate Firewall
Establishing Guidelines for Use of Company Hardware and Software
 Company IT managers must provide clear rules that
govern the use of home computers and associated
software.
 Some companies negotiate contracts with software
manufacturers and provide PCs and software so that IT
users can work at home.
 The goal should be to ensure that employees have legal
copies of all the software they need to be effective,
regardless of whether they work in an office, on the road,
or at home.
Defining an Acceptable Use Policy
 An acceptable use policy (AUP) is a document that
stipulates restrictions and practices that a user must
agree to in order to use organizational computing and
network resources.
 It is an essential information security policy—so
important that most organizations require that
employees sign an acceptable use policy before being
granted a user or network ID.
An effective acceptable use policy is clear and concise and contains
the following five key elements:
1. Purpose of the AUP - Why is the policy needed and what
are its goals?
2. Scope - Who and what is covered under the AUP?
3. Policy - How are both acceptable use and unacceptable
use defined; what are some examples of each?
4. Compliance - Who is responsible for monitoring
compliance and how will compliance will be measured?
5. Sanctions - What actions will be taken against an
individual who violates the policy.
 Members of the legal, human resources, and
information security groups are involved in creating the
AUP.
 It is the organization’s information security group that is
responsible for monitoring compliance to the AUP.
 Information security (infosec) group’s responsibilities
include managing the processes, tools, and policies
necessary to prevent, detect, document, and counter
threats to digital and nondigital information, whether it
is in transit, being processed, or at rest in storage.
Structuring Information Systems to Protect Data and Information
 Organizations must implement systems and procedures
that limit data access to just those employees who need
it.
 For example, sales managers may have total access to
sales and promotion databases through a company
network, but their access should be limited to products
for which they are responsible.
Installing and Maintaining a Corporate Firewall
 A firewall is hardware or software (or a combination of
both) that serves as the first line of defense between an
organization’s network and the Internet; a firewall also
limits access to the company’s network based on the
organization’s Internet usage policy.
 A firewall can be configured to serve as an effective
deterrent to unauthorized web surfing by blocking access
to specific objectionable websites.
Compliance
 Compliance means to be in accordance with established
policies, guidelines, specifications, or legislation.
 Records management software, for example, may be
developed in compliance with the U.S. Department of
Defense’s Design Criteria Standard for Electronic
Management Software applications (known as DoD
5015) that defines mandatory functional requirements
for records management software used within the
Department of Defense.
 Commercial software used within an organization should
be distributed in compliance with the vendor’s licensing
agreement.
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IT0025 - Social and Professional Issues
M2 - Freedom of Expression
Intended Learning Outcomes
 Know the legal basis for the protection of freedom of
speech;
 Discuss some key federal laws that affect online freedom
of expression, and how do they impact organizations;
 Know how the Internet present new challenges in the
area of freedom of expression; and
 Understand the issues related to the use of information
technology.
First Amendments Rights
 The Internet enables a worldwide exchange of news,
ideas, opinions, rumors, and information.
 Its broad accessibility, open discussions, and anonymity
make the Internet a remarkable communications
medium.
 People must often make ethical decisions about how to
use such remarkable freedom and power.
 The right to freedom of expression is one of the most
important rights for free people everywhere.
 In other words, the First Amendment protects
Americans’ rights to freedom of religion, freedom of
expression, and freedom to assemble peaceably.
- The Supreme Court has held that the following types of speech
are not protected by the First Amendment and may be forbidden
by the government.
Obscene Speech
 An obscenity is any statement or act which strongly
offends the prevalent morality of the time, is a profanity,
or is otherwise taboo, indecent, abhorrent, or disgusting,
or is especially inauspicious.
Defamation
 also called calumny, vilification, traducement, slander
(for transitory statements), and libel (for written,
broadcast, or otherwise published words).
 The two different types of defamation are: Slander and
Libel
 Although people have the right to express opinions, they
must exercise care in their Internet communications to
avoid possible charges of defamation.
Freedom of Expression: Key Issues
 Information Technology has provided amazing new ways
to communicate with people around the world.
 Some of the key issues are: controlling access to
information on the Internet, Internet censorship, strategic
lawsuits against public participation, anonymity in the
internet, john doe lawsuits, hate speech, pornography
and fake news.
 Some of the key issues are: controlling access to
information on the Internet, Internet censorship,
defamation, hate speech, and pornography.
(1) Controlling Access to Information on the Internet
 One of the main reasons to support control of access
to information in the internet is the children’s
capability of accessing the Internet.
The Communications Decency Act (CDA)
 This act aimed at protecting children from online
pornography. The CDA imposed $250,000 fines and
prison terms of up to two years for the transmission
of ―indecent‖ material over the Internet.
 An Internet filter is software that can be used to
block access to certain websites that contain
material deemed inappropriate or offensive.
(2) Internet Censorship
 is the control or suppression of the publishing
or accessing of information on the Internet.
 Government entities may pressure “upstream”
Internet service providers
o limit access to certain websites
o allow access to only some content or
modified content at certain websites
o reject the use of certain keywords in
search engines
o track and monitor the Internet
activities of individuals.
(3) Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation
 A strategic lawsuit against public participation
(SLAPP) is employed by corporations, government
officials, and others against citizens and community
groups who oppose them on matters of public
interest.
(4) Anonymity on the Internet
 Anonymous expression is the expression of opinions
by people who do not reveal their identity.
 Anonymity is even more important in countries that
don’t allow free speech.
 Doxing involves doing research on the Internet to
obtain someone’s private personal.
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(5) John Doe Lawsuits
 Businesses must monitor and respond to both the
public expression of opinions that might hurt their
reputations and the public sharing of confidential
company information.
 When anonymous employees reveal harmful
information online, the potential for broad
dissemination is enormous.
 An aggrieved party can file a John Doe lawsuit
against a defendant whose identity is temporarily
unknown because he or she is communicating
anonymously or using a pseudonym.

(6) Hate Speech

 Persistent or malicious harassment aimed at a
specific person is hate speech, which can be
prosecuted under the law.
o A threatening private message sent over
the Internet to a person
o A public message displayed on a website
describing intent to commit acts of hate-
motivated violence against specific
individuals
o libel directed at a particular person are all
actions that can be prosecuted

(7) Pornography on the Internet

 Many people, including some free-speech
advocates, believe that there is nothing illegal or
wrong about purchasing adult pornographic
material made by and for consenting adults.
 On the other hand, most parents, educators, and
other child advocates are concerned that children
might be exposed to online pornography.
 Sexting—sending sexual messages, nude or
seminude photos, or sexually explicit videos over a
cell phone—is a fast-growing trend among teens and
young adults.

(8) Fake News

 Blogsss
 Fake news sites
 Social media sites

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IT0025 - Social and Professional Issues
M3 - Intellectual Property
ST1 - What is Intellectual Property?
Objectives
-Understand how to protect Intellectual Property;
-Explain the factors that can be used in deciding whether a use of
copyrighted material is fair; and
-Understand the strength and limitations of using copyright,
patent, trade secret laws to protect intellectual property.
Intellectual Property
 is a term used to describe works of the mind—such as art,
books, films, formulas, inventions, music, and
processes—that are distinct and owned or created by a
single person or group.
Copyright Law
 protects authored works, such as art, books, film, and
music; patent law protects inventions; and trade secret
law helps safeguard information that is critical to an
organization’s success.
Copyrights
 A copyright is the exclusive right to distribute, display,
perform, or reproduce an original work in copies or to
prepare derivative works based on the work
 Copy right protection is granted to the creators of original
works of authorship in any tangible medium of
expression.
 Copyright infringement is a violation of the rights secured
by the owner of a copyright.
 Infringement occurs when someone copies a substantial
and material part of another’s copyrighted work without
permission.
Copyright Term
 Copyright law guarantees developers the rights to their
works for a certain amount of time. Since 1960, the term
of copyright has been extended 11 times from its original
limit of 28 years.
Eligible Works
 The types of work that can be copyrighted include
architecture, art, audiovisual works, choreography,
drama, graphics, literature, motion pictures, music,
pantomimes, pictures, of copyright, fair contracts, and
free speech.
Software Copyright Protection
 The use of copyrights to protect computer software
raises many complicated issues of interpretation. -
Registering a copyright for a software program is a simple
process.
The Prioritizing Resources and Organization for Intellectual Property
Act of 2008
 The Prioritizing Resources and Organization for
Intellectual Property (PRO-IP) Act of 2008 (Public Law 110-
403) created the position of Intellectual Property
Enforcement Coordinator within the Executive Office of
the President
 One of its programs, called Computer Hacking and
Intellectual Property (CHIP), is a network of over 150
experienced and specially trained federal prosecutors
who focus on computer and intellectual property crimes.
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
 The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was a
multilateral agreement governing international trade.
 GATT however, copyright protection varies greatly from
country to country, and an expert should be consulted
when considering international usage of any intellectual
property.
The WTO and the WTO TRIPS Agreement (1994)
 The WTO is a global organization that deals with the rules
of international trade based on WTO agreements that are
negotiated and signed by representatives of the world’s
trading nations.
 The goal of the WTO is to help producers of goods and
services, exporters, and importers conduct their business
globally
The World Intellectual Property Organization Copyright Treaty
(1996)
 The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO),
headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, is an agency of
the United Nations established in 1967.
 WIPO is dedicated to “the use of intellectual property as
a means to stimulate innovation and creativity.
 WIPO has strongly advocated for the interests of
intellectual property owners. Its goal is to ensure that
intellectual property laws are uniformly administered.
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The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (1998)
 The DMCA (Public Law 105-304) was signed into law in
1998 and implements two 1996 WIPO treaties: the WIPO
Copyright Treaty and the WIPO Performances and
Phonograms Treaty.
manufacture,” permits its owner to exclude others from
making, using, or selling the design in question.
 Patent infringement, or the violation of the rights secured
by the owner of a patent, occurs when someone makes
unauthorized use of another’s patent

The act is divided into the following five sections: Trade Secrets
1. Title I (WIPO Copyright and Performances and
Phonograms Treaties Implementation Act of 1998) Trade Secret
a. This section implements the WIPO treaties by  business information
making certain technical amendments to the  has required effort or cost to develop,
U.S law in order to provide appropriate  has some degree of uniqueness or novelty, is generally
references and links to the treaties. unknown to the public, and is kept confidential.
2. Title II (Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation
Act) Trade Secret Laws
a. This section enables website operators that  Protection laws very greatly from country to country.
allow users to post content on their website
(e.g., music, video, and pictures) to avoid Uniform Trade Secrets Act
copyright infringement liability if certain “safe  was drafted in the 1970s to bring uniformity to all the
harbor” provisions are followed. United States in the area of trade secret law.
3. Title III (Computer Maintenance Competition Assurance
Act)
a. This section permits the owner or lessee of a
computer to make or authorize the making of a
copy of a computer program in the course of
maintaining or repairing that computer.
4. Title IV (Miscellaneous provisions)
a. This section adds language to the Copyright Act
confirming the Copyright Office’s authority to
continue to perform the policy and
international functions that it has carried out
for decades under its existing general authority.
5. Title V (Vessel Hull Design Protection Act)
a. This section creates a new form of protection
for the original design of vessel hulls.

Patents
 A patent permits its owner to exclude the public from
making, using, or selling a protected invention, and it
allows for legal action against violators.
 A utility patent is “issued for the invention of a new and
useful process, machine, manufacturer, or composition
of matter, or a new and useful improvement.
 It generally permits its owner to exclude others from
making, using, or selling the invention for a period of up
to twenty years from the date of patent application filing,
subject to the payment of maintenance fees.”
 A design patent, which is “issued for a new, original, and
ornamental design embodied in or applied to an article of

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IT0025 - Social and Professional Issues
ST2 - Current Intellectual Property Issues  As a result, organizations that want to change database
vendors are faced with rewriting existing applications
Intended Learning Outcome using the new vendor’s database programming language.
- Understand some of the current issues associated with the  Using reverse engineering, a developer can use the code
protection of intellectual property of the current database programming language to
recover the design of the information system application.
Current Intellectual Property Issues  Next, code-generation tools can be used to take the
 Plagiarism is the act of stealing someone’s ideas or words design and produce code (forward engineer) in the new
and passing them off as one’s own. database programming language. This reverse-
 The explosion of electronic content and the growth of the engineering and code generating process greatly reduces
web have made it easy to cut and paste paragraphs into the time and cost needed to migrate the organization’s
term papers and other documents without proper applications to the new database management system.
citation or quotation marks.
Open-Source Code
Partial list of plagiarism detection services and software  Program whose source code is made available for use or
modification, as users or other developers see fit.
Name of Service Website Provider  A considerable amount of open-source code is available,
iThenticate www.ithenticate.com iParadigms and an increasing number of organizations use open
Turnitin www.turnitin.com iParadigms source code.
SafeAssign www.safeassign.com Blackboard  For example, much of the Internet runs on open source
Glatt Plagiarism www.plagiarism.com Glatt Plagiarism code; when you access a web page, send a text, or post a
Services Services status update, you are likely using an open source
program such as Linux, Apache HTTP, PHP, Perl, Python,
 The following list shows some of the actions that schools or Ruby.
can take to combat student plagiarism:
o Help students understand what constitutes  A common use of open source software is to move data
plagiarism and why they need to cite sources from one application to another and to extract,
properly. transform, and load business data into large databases.
o Show students how to document web pages  Two frequently cited reasons for using open source
and materials from online databases. software are that it provides a better solution to a specific
o Schedule major writing assignments so that business problem and that it costs less.
portions are due over the course of the term,  Open-source software is used in applications developed
thus reducing the likelihood that students will for Apple’s iPhone, Android smartphones, and other
get into a time crunch and be tempted to mobile devices.
plagiarize to meet the deadline.
o Make clear to students that instructors are Commonly used open source software
aware of Internet paper mills.
o Ensure that instructors both educate students Open-source web Open-source Open-source
about plagiarism detection services and make browsers database accounting
them aware that they know how to use these management applications
services. systems
o Incorporate detection software and services Chrome MySQL GnuCash
into a comprehensive antiplagiarism program. Firefox PostgreSQL SQL Ledger
Opera SQLite X Tuple PostBooks
Reverse Engineering Chromium MongoDB Compiere
 The process of taking something apart in order to Midori Cubrid Turbo Cash
understand it, build a copy of it, or improve it. QupZilla MariaDB KashFlow
 It was originally applied to computer hardware but is now
commonly applied to software as well.

3
IT0025 - Social and Professional Issues
Reasons that firms or individual developers create open source
code, even though they do not receive money for it, include the
following:
 Some people share code to earn respect for solving a
common problem in an elegant way.
 Some people have used open-source code that was
developed by others and feel the need to pay back by
helping other developers.
 A firm may be required to develop software as part of an
agreement to address a client’s problem.
Trademark Infringement
 A logo, package design, phrase, sound, or word that
enables a consumer to differentiate one company’s
products from another’s.
Cybersquatting
 registered domain names for famous trademarks or
company names to which they had no connection, with
the hope that the trademark’s owner would eventually
buy the domain name for a large sum of money.

Reasons that firms or individual developers create open source

code, even though they do not receive money for it, include the
following:
 If the firm is paid for the employees’ time spent to
develop the software rather than for the software itself.
 A firm may develop open-source code in the hope of
earning software maintenance fees if the end user’s
needs change in the future.
 A firm may develop useful code but may be reluctant to
license and market it, and so might donsate the code to
the general public.

Competitive Intelligence
 Legally obtained information that is gathered to help a
company gain an advantage over its rivals.
 Competitive intelligence is not the same as industrial
espionage, which is the use of illegal means to obtain
business information not available to the general public.

A wide array of software applications, databases, and social media

tools are available for companies—and individuals—looking for
competitive intelligence data, including the following:
 Rapportive is software that can be added to your email
application or web browser to provide you with rich
contact profiles that show you what people look like,
where they are based, and what they do.
 Crunchbase is a free database of technology of over
110,000 companies, people, and investors.
 CORI (http://cori.missouri.edu/pages/ksearch.htm) is an
online database of more than 690,000 contract
documents.
 ThomasNet.com is an excellent source for identifying
suppliers and sources for products.
 WhoGotFunded.com is a comprehensive website of data
about what organizations have received funding and for
what purposes.

4
17/20
● A trade secret is information,
generally unknown to the public,
that a company has taken strong
measures to keep confidential.
○ True
○ False
● Government License
substantially improve IT
workers’ salaries and career
prospects.
○ True
○ False
● Client often have special
information based on their
expertise or position within the
offending organization
○ True
○ False
Link:
https://www.slideshare.net/mar
kjhonoxillo/ethics-for-it-
workers-and-it-users
● The client makes decision about
a project on the basis of
information, alternatives, and
recommendations provided by
the IT user.
○ True
○ False
● Bribery is information, generally
unknown to the public, that a
company has taken strong
measures to keep confidential.
○ True
○ False
● It is an effort by an employee to
attract attention to a negligent,
illegal, unethical, abusive, or
dangerous act by a company
that threatens the public
interest.
○ Duty of Care
○ Breach of the duty
○ Whistle Blowing
○ Negligence
● Many people believe that the
licensing and certification of IT
workers would increase the
reliability and effectiveness of
information systems.
○ True
○ False
Link:
https://media.lanecc.edu/users/
rossj/LCCWebs/JerryClassPages/
Jerry/CS160New/CourseTechnol
ogy/0-619-06277-0_02_op.pdf
● Which of the following is not
one of the five key elements of
an acceptable use policy (AUP)?
○ Purpose of the AUP, why
it is needed and what are
its goals
○ Scope of who and what is
covered under the AUP.
○ Background and make-
up of the infosec
organization that
enforces the AUP
○ Definition of the actions
that will be taken against
an individual who
violates the policy
● Which of the following key ● What does SLAPP stand for?
elements in AUP that actions will ○ strategic law against
be taken against an individual public participation
who violates the policy? ○ strategic lawsuit against
○ Policy public participation
○ Scope ○ strategic lawsuit against
○ Sanctions private participation
○ compliance ○ strategic law against
public participants
● It refers to the obligation to
protect people against any ● Which of these is NOT protected
unreasonable harm or risk. by the First Amendment?
○ Duty of Care ○ A protest march against
○ Professional Malpractice illegal immigration
○ Breach of the duty ○ A threat against
○ Negligence someone
○ A cartoon that makes fun
● A threatening private message of a religion
sent over the Internet to a ○ A text message criticizing
person. a public official
○ Libel
○ Hate Speech ● Freedom of speech is
○ Obscene Speech guaranteed to all U.S. citizens by
○ Slander the ______ Amendment.
○ Third
● It is a written defamatory ○ First
statement. ○ Fourth
○ Libel ○ Second
○ Obscene Speech
○ Slander ● A threatening private message
○ Hate Speech sent over the Internet to a
person.
● A Drexel University survey of ○ Anonymity on the
college students revealed that Internet
64 percent had sent received ○ Hate Speech
sexually explicit text messages ○ John Doe Lawsuits
or images when they were ○ Obscene Speech
under age 18.
○ True
○ False

● Anonymity is even more

important in countries that don’t
allow free speech.
○ True
○ False
 ● It is the control or suppression
of the publishing or accessing of
information on the Internet.
○ John Doe Lawsuits
○ Internet Censorship
○ SLAPP
○ Controlling Access to
Information on the
Internet
● A threatening private message
sent over the Internet to a
person, what kind of freedom
expression is?
○ Hate Speech
○ Anonymity in the
Internet
○ John Doe Lawsuits
○ SLAPP
________________________________
14/20
● Gifts come with no expectation
of a future favor for the donor.
○ True
○ False
● A trade secret is information,
generally unknown to the public,
that a company taken strong
measures to keep confidential.
○ True
○ False
● IT workers can develop good
relationships with employers by
dealing fairly with them and not
making unreasonable demands.
○ True
○ False
● The term IT Professional refers
to a person who uses a
hardware or software product;
the term distinguishes end users
from the IT workers who
develop, install, service, and
support the product.
○ True
○ False
● A gift may be considered a bribe
if it is not declared.
○ True
○ False
● It refers to the obligation to
protect people against any
unreasonable harm or risk.
○ Negligence
○ Duty of care
○ Gift
○ Breach of duty
● A(An) states the principles and
core values that are essential to
the work of a particular
occupational group.
○ Professional Malpractice
○ Code of Ethics
○ Professional code of
ethics and Professional
Malpractice
○ Professional code of
ethics
● Which of the key elements of
acceptable user policy that
responsible for monitoring
compliance and how will
compliance will be measured?
○ Policy
○ Sanctions
○ Compliance
○ Purpose of the AUP
● It indicates that a professional
possesses a particular set of
skills, knowledge, or abilities.
○ Government License
○ Negligence
○ Certification
○ Gift
● Which of the key elements of
acceptable user policy that
determines who and what is
covered under the AUP?
○ Sanctions
○ Scope
○ Purpose of the AUP
○ Compliance
● Writers discuss news and
editorial content produced by
other journalists and encourage
reader participation.
○ Forum
○ Social media Sites
○ Blogs
○ Fake news sites
● A Drexel University survey of
college students revealed that
64 percent had sent received
sexually explicit text messages
or images when they were
under age 18.
○ True
○ False
● A threatening private message
sent over the Internet to a
person, what kind of freedom
expression is?
○ Hate Speech
○ Anonymity in the
Internet
○ John Doe Lawsuits
○ SLAPP
● Persistent or malicious
harassment aimed at an ethnic,
or religious group can be
prosecuted as hate speech.
○ True
○ False
● Making either an oral or a
written statement of alleged fact
that is false and harms another
person is ______ .
○ Defamation
○ Obscene Speech
○ Hate Speech
○ Freedom of Expression
● These sites attempt to imitate
real news sites, often modifying
real news stories in such a way
as to entice viewers into clicking
on them.
○ Fake news
○ Blogs
○ Forum
○ Social media
● It states their opinion and
supporting facts without
presenting the other side of an
argument.
○ Fake news sites
○ Social media sites
○ Forum
○ Blogs
● Freedom of speech is
guaranteed to all U.S. citizens by
the ______ Amendment.
○ Third
○ First
○ Fourth
○ Second
 ● Anonymity is even more
important in countries that don’t
allow free speech.
○ True
○ False
________________________________
_
● Suppliers strive to maintain
positive relationships with their
customers in order to make and
increase sales.
○ True
○ False
● Bribery are made in secret, as
they neither legally nor morally
acceptable.
○ True
○ False
● IT workers have a relationship
with clients who may be
affected by their actions.
○ True
○ False
● IT-related certifications may or
may not include a requirement
to adhere to a code of ethics,
whereas such a requirement is
standard with licensing.
○ True
○ False
● It is a document that stipulates
restrictions and practices that a
user must agree to in order to
use organizational computing
and network resources.
○ Accept use policy
○ Accept user policy
○ Acceptable use policy
○ Accept use policy
● A group that is responsible for
monitoring compliance to the
AUP.
○ Internet security
○ Data security
○ Information security
○ Data privacy
● The courts decide whether
parties owe a duty of care by
applying a reasonable person
standard to evaluate how an
objective, careful, and
conscientious person would
have acted in the same
circumstances.
○ True
○ False
● It involves in the collection,
reporting, analysis, and
dissemination of news, opinions,
and photos.
○ Forum
○ Fake news
○ Blogs
○ Social Media
● The Supreme Court has ruled
that the Fourth Amendment also
protects the right to speak
anonymously.
○ True
○ False
● It involves doing research on the
INternet to obtain someone’s
private personal information
○ Obscene Speech
○ Freedom of Expression
○ Defamation
○ Doxing
● IT workers have a duty to
understand a user’s needs and
capabilities and to deliver
products and services that best
 meet those needs - subject, of
course, to budget and time
constraints.
○ True
○ False
● Client must set an example and
enforce policies regarding the
ethical used of IT.
○ True
○ False
● Gifts are made directly from
donor to recipient
○ True
○ False
● IT workers may have access to
corporate databases of private
and confidential information
about employees, customers,
suppliers, new products plans,
promotions, budgets.
○ True
○ False
● It is an area in which IT workers
may be tempted to violate laws
and policies.
○ Internet Firewall
○ Trade Secret Laws
○ Trade Secret
○ Software Piracy
● A survey by the _____ found
that one in five men admit to
viewing porn at work, while a
separate study found that 30
percent of mobile workers are
viewing porn on their web-
enabled phones.
○ Fawset Society
○ Fauset Society
○ Fawsett Society
○ Fawcett Society
● __________ has been defined as
not doing something that a
reasonable man would do, or
doing something that a
reasonable man would not do.
○ Breach of Duty
○ Fraud
○ Duty of Care
○ Negligence
● It is a written, broadcast, or
otherwise published words.
○ Hate Speech
○ Slander
○ Obscene Speech
○ Libel
● An aggrieved party can file a
_________ lawsuit against a
defendant whose identity is
temporarily unknown because
he or she is communicating
anonymously or using a
pseudonym.
○ CDA
○ Internet of Things
○ John Doe
○ SLAPP
● An _________ is software that
can be used to block access to
certain websites that contain
material deemed inappropriate
or offensive.
○ Doxing
○ Internet Filter
○ SLAPP
○ Upstream
● The right to freedom of
expression is restricted when
the expressions, whether spoken
or written, are untrue harm to
another person.
○ Libel
○ Defamation
○ Slander
 ○ Obscene Speech ○ firewall
○ firmware
● Businesses must monitor and ○ fire alarm
respond to both the public
expression of opinions that ● It defines mandatory functional
might hurt their reputations and requirements for records
the public sharing of confidential management software used
company information. within the Department of
○ Internet Censorship Defense
○ SLAPP ○ Department of Defense’s
○ CDA Development
○ John Doe Lawsuits ○ Department of
Defense’s Design
● Citizen journalists are on the ○ Department of
spot and able to report on Developers Design
breaking news stories before ○ Department of
traditional news reporters. Development’s Design
○ Forum
○ Fake news sites ● It is an oral defamatory
○ Social media sites statement.
○ Blogs ○ Obscene Speech
○ Slander
● Bribes encourage an obligation ○ Libel
for the recipient to act favorably ○ Hate Speech
toward the donor.
○ True ● It is a fast-growing trend that
○ False can lead to many problems for
both senders and receivers.
● IT Workers strive to maintain ○ SLAPP
positive relationships with their ○ Anonymous expression
customers in order to make and ○ Sexting
increase sales. ○ Anonymity
○ True
○ False ● It is the legal term for the act of
harming a person’s reputation
● Gifts are made openly and by telling one or more other
publicly, as a gestures of people something that is untrue
friendship or goodwill. and damaging about that
○ True person.
○ False ○ Defamation
○ Obscene Speech
● A __________ can be configured ○ Slander
to serve as an effective ○ Libel
deterrent to unauthorized web
surfing by blocking access to 15/20
specific objectionable websites. ● Gift is the act of providing
○ filter money, property, or favors to
 someone in business or
government in order to obtain a
business advantage.
○ True
○ False (bribery)
● A _________ is hardware or
software (or a combination of
both) that serves as the first line
of defense between an
organization’s network and the
Internet.
○ negligence
○ firmware
○ firewall
○ compliance
● Which of the following is not an
acceptable use policy element?
○ Policy
○ Computing
○ Scope
○ Sanctions
● Professionals who breach the
duty of care are liable for
injuries that their negligence
causes.
○ Professional code of
ethics
○ Negligence
○ Professional Malpractice
○ Breach of the duty
● This act aimed at protecting
children from online
pornography.
○ CDA
○ Internet Censorship
○ Controlling Access to
Information on the
Internet
○ SLAPP
● The CDA imposed
______________ fines and
prison terms of up to two years
for the transmission of indecent
material over the Internet.
○ $50,000
○ $100,000
○ $250,000
○ $150,000
● School-sponsored prayer is
prohibited in public schools.
That means students can’t pray
in school at all, in any way.
○ True
○ False
●
19 / 20
● Gifts are often made indirectly
through a third party.
○ True
○ False (Bribes)
● Experienced professionals can
also serve as mentors and help
develop new members of the
profession
○ True
○ False
● Readers of online news simply
glance at headlines or skim an
article without ever realizing it is
fake or distorted news.
○ Social Media sites
○ Fake news sites
○ Blogs
○ Forum
● A ______ is employed by
corporations, governments
officials, and others against
citizens and community groups
who oppose them on matters of
public interest.
○ John Doe Lawsuits
○ CDA
○ SLAPP
○ Internet Censorship
● A threatening private message
sent over the internet to a
person, a public message
displayed on a website
describing intent to commit acts
of hate-motivated violence
agains specific individuals.
 ○ Libel ○ Department of Defense’s
○ Hate Speech Development
○ Obscene Speech ○ Department of
○ Slander Developers Design
● It is government-issued ○ Department of
permission to engage in an Development’s Design
activity or to operate a business. ○ Department of
○ Business permit Defense’s Design
○ Certification ● Bribes are made openly and
○ Government License publicly, as a gesture of
○ Policy friendship or goodwill.
● It is responsibilities include ○ True
managing the processes, tools ○ False (Gifts)
and policies necessary to ● IT workers are not recognized as
prevent, detect, document, and professionals because they are
counter threats to digital and not licensed by the state or
nondigital information, whether federal government.
it is in transit, being processed, ○ True
or at rest in storage. ○ False
○ Data security ● It is the expression of opinions
○ Internet privacy by people who do not reveal
○ Information security their identity
○ Data Privacy ○ Doxing
● Persistent or malicious ○ SLAPP
harassment aimed at ethnic, ○ Defamation
racial, or religious group can be ○ Anonymous
prosecuted as hate speech. ● What does CDA stand for?
○ True ○ Communications Deceit
○ False Act
● Indicates a professional ○ Communications Decent
possesses a particular set of Act
skills, knowledge, or abilities in ○ Communications
the opinion of a certifying Decency Act
organization ○ Communicating Deceit
○ Certification Act
○ Professional code of ● _________ cases are based on
ethics serious allegations of
○ Government License wrongdoing, such as libel or
○ Professional malpractice disclosure of confidential
● Company IT managers must information
provide clear rules that govern ○ SLAPP
the use of home computers and ○ Anonymity
associated software. ○ CDA
○ True ○ John Doe Lawsuits
○ False ● DoD is also known as _____
● What does DoD stand for? ○ DoD 5051
○ DoD 5016
 ○ DoD 5017
○ DoD 5018
● IT workers, who develop, install,
service, and support the product
○ True
○ False
● Persistent or malicious
harassment aimed at a specific
person is __________.
○ Free Speech
○ Hate Speech
○ Obscene Speech
○ Defamation
● Clients may have access to
corporate databases of private
and confidential information
about employees, customers,
suppliers, new products plans,
promotions, budgets.
○ True
○ False
● IT workers have a relationship
with members of society who
may be affected by their actions.
○ True
○ False
● _____ who breach the duty of
care are liable for injuries that
their negligence causes.
○ Professionals