Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Division of Bohol

MATH 9, QUARTER 1
ACTIVITY SHEETS
S.Y. 2020-2021

Writers:
Stephane Joy P. Tagayong
Raymart Sevilla

Editors:
Melita L. Maglajos PhD
Arlan S. Coscos PhD
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Division of Bohol

MATHEMATICS 9
First Quarter, Week 2 – Day 1

Name :_______________________________________ Score :______

Grade :_____________ Section:_______

Competency Characterizes the roots of a quadratic equation using discriminant (M9AL-Ic-1)

Objective (1) Find the discriminant of the quadratic equation
(2) Determine the nature of the roots of the quadratic equation using the
discriminant
Topic The Nature of the Roots of a Quadratic Equation
Materials
References Final MELC page 234
Mathematics Learner’s Material 9 pages 56-62
Textbook
Copyright For classroom use only (DepEd owned)

Concept Notes:

The value of 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 is called Discriminant of the quadratic equation. This value can be used
to describe the nature of the roots of a quadratic equation.
It can be zero, positive and perfect square, positive but not perfect, or negative.
1. When 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 is equal to zero, then the roots are real numbers and are equal
2. When 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 is greater than zero and perfect square, then the roots are rational
numbers but are not equal.
3. When 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 is greater than zero but not a perfect square, then the roots are
irrational numbers and are not equal.
4. When 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 is less than zero, then the equation has no real roots.
Example: What is the nature of the roots of the equation quadratic x2 -8x +16 =0?
To determine the nature of the roots of the quadratic equation, (𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄) will be used.
Solution:
➢ Find the values of a, b and c.
x2 -8x +16 =0 a = 1, b = - 8 and c = 16
➢ Substitute the values of a, b and c in the Discriminant (b2 - 4ac)
(b2 - 4ac) = (-8)2 – 4(1) (16) = 64 – 64 = 0 Discriminant
➢ Since the Discriminant (𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐) is equal to zero,
then the nature of the roots are real numbers and are equal.
Checking: This can be checked by determining the roots of x 2 -8x +16 =0 using any methods of solving
quadratic equations.
Factoring: x2 -8x +16 =0
(x - 4) (x - 4) = 0
(x - 4) = 0, (x - 4) = 0
x = 4, x = 4
Therefore, the roots of the quadratic equation x 2 - 8x + 16 =0 are 4 and 4, they are real numbers and are
equal.
Exercise:
Complete the table below. Provide a standard form of an equation, then give what is asked. The first item
serves as your example.

Equation Standard Form a b c Discriminant Nature of the

b2 - 4ac Roots
Example: Substitute The roots are
x2 + 7x = -10 x2 + 7x +10 = 0 1 7 10 b2 - 4ac = (7)2 – 4(1)(10) rational numbers
= 49-40 but are equal.
=9
(greater than zero and perfect
square number)
1. 6x + 9 + x2 = 0

2. 2x2 – 10x = -18

3. x2 +6x + 3 = 0

4. 3x2 + 4 = 5x

MATHEMATICS 9
Week 2-Day 2

Competency Describes the relationship between the coefficients and the roots of a quadratic
equation (M9AL-Ic-2)
Objective (1) Find the sum and product of the roots of the quadratic equation
(2) Describes the relationship between the coefficients and the roots of a
quadratic equation
Topic The Sum and the Product of Roots of Quadratic Equations
Materials
References Final MELC page 234
Mathematics Learner’s Material 9 pages 66-72
Textbook
Copyright For classroom use only (DepEd Owned)

Concept Notes

The standard form of a quadratic equation is 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where a, b, and c are real

numbers and a ≠ 0. These coefficients a, b and c, has special bearing in determining the sum and
product of the roots of the quadratic equation.

We can easily get the sum and product of the roots of a quadratic equation without finding the
roots. This can be done by substituting it to the formula below:
• The sum of the roots of quadratic equation is –b/a.
• The product of the roots of quadratic equation is c/a.

Example: Find the sum and product of the roots of x 2 + 7x + 12 = 0.

Solution: In the equation, the values of a= 1 b=7 and c=12.
−b 7
• Sum of the roots: = − = −7
a 1
c 12
• Product of the roots: = = 12
a 1
 Checking:
➢ Find the roots of 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 12 = 0 using any method of solving quadratic equation.
➢ Determined the sum and product of the roots that will be obtained.
➢ Factoring: 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 12 = 0
(x + 4) ( x + 3) = 0
x + 4= 0; x + 3 = 0
x1 = -4 and x2 = -3
➢ The roots of the equation are -4 and -3.
Sum of the roots: x1 + x2 = -4 + -3 = -7
Product of the roots: x1. x2 = (-4) (-3) = 12
Therefore, the sum and product of the roots of 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 12 = 0 are -7and 12, respectively.

Exercise:
Complete the table below.
Quadratic Equations Sum of the Roots Product of the Roots Roots
Example: x2 + 4x + 3= 0 -b/a = -(4)/1 c/a = (3)/ (1) x2 + 4x + 3= 0
a = 1, b = 4 and c = 3 = -4 =3 (x +3) (x + 1) =0
x+3 = 0; x+ 1 = 0
x = -3; x = -1
Sum: (-3 + -1) = -4
Product; (3)/ (1) = 3
1. 6x2 +12x - 18= 0
2. x2 + 4x - 21 =0
3. 2x2 + 3x -2= 0
4. 3x2 -10x -8 = 0

MATHEMATICS 9
Week 2-Day 3

Objective (1) To write quadratic equation given the roots

(2) To write the quadratic equation given the sum and the product of the roots

Concept Notes:

If x1 and x2 are the roots of the quadratic equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0, then the

• SUM of the roots (x1 + x2) = -b/a
• PRODUCT of the roots (x1. x)2 = c/a
This relationship is useful in writing quadratic equations whose roots are given.
Take note of the standard form of a QUADARTIC EQUATION, ax 2 + bx + c = 0,
where,
ax2 + bx+c=0
(divide both sides by a)
a
bx c
the resulting equation will be x2 + + =0
a a
(sum: –b/a) (product: c/a)
then, x – (sum of the roots) x + (product of the roots) = 0
2

C. Write each quadratic equation in standard form, 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 then identify

the values of a, b, and c .
Quadratic Equations Standard Form a b c
 Example: Write a quadratic equation whose roots are 2 and -5.
Solution: (Method No. 1)
x1 = 2 and x2 = -5
x – 2= 0, x + 5 =0 (Applying the Zero Product Property)
(x-2) (x+5) = 0 (Express as Factors, then use Foil Method)
Answer: x2 + 3x -10 =0 Quadratic Equation expressed in Standard Form ax 2 + bx + c = 0

Solution: (Method No.2)

Sum of the roots (-b/a): x1 + x2 = 2 + (-5) = -3
Product of the roots (c/a): x1. x2 = 2 (-5) = -10
Substitute the values of the sum of the roots and the product of the roots
x2 – (sum of the roots) x + (product of the roots) = 0
x2 – (-3) x + (-10) = 0
Answer: x2 + 3x – 10 = 0 Quadratic Equation expressed in Standard Form ax2 + bx + c =0

Exercise 1:
Write the quadratic equation in the form ax 2 + bx + c = 0 given the following roots:
Roots Quadratic Equation
1. 5 and 9

2. -9 and 0

3. -8 and -10

4. -3 and 15

Exercise 2:
Write the quadratic equation in the form ax 2 + bx + c = 0 given the following sum and product of
the roots:
Roots Quadratic Equation
1. –b/a = 0, c/a = 6

2. –b/a = 2, c/a = -8

3. x1 + x2 = 2 x1. x2 = 5

4.Sum of the roots: -3 Product of the roots: -7

C. Write each quadratic equation in standard form, 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 then identify