MICRO BIO EX 2: BACTERIAL CELL AND SPECIAL STRUCUTURES

Schematic Diagram of a Bacterial Cell

Bacteria Cell

- Fine filamentous appendages of uniform length and diameter usually seen in

rod-shaped bacteria.
- Make the bacteria motile.
- Originated from the cell membrane.
Composition:
Flagella - composed of a protein known as Flagellin.
- Known to originate from the cell membrane.
Significance:
- Responsible of bacteria motility in order to flee from a harmful environment into
a favorable environment. (??)

Flagellar Arrangements

- has a single polar flagellum Examples: Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter

jejuni, Pseudomonas erogenous

Monotrichous

there is a prescence of several flagella Examples: Pseudomonas species

still at one end of the cell but this time
they are many.
Lophotrichous

Examples: Salmonella typhi and Proteus

Peritrichous vulgaris
Flagella are found all over the body of
the bacteria.

There is single flagellum at the end of Example: Pseudomonas species.

the bacteria or at the end of each pole
Amphitrichous of the bacteria or presence of several
flagella at both ends. (2 bacteria w this
classification)

Examples: Klebsiella pneumoniae Shigella

dysentery
Atrichous They do not have flagella.
MICRO BIO EX 2: BACTERIAL CELL AND SPECIAL STRUCUTURES
SPORES - Seen as highly refractile, oval body, or unstained area found within the
vegetative cell.
- It contains large amounts of calcium. Believed to be associated with the
resistance of spores towards heat.
- Helps Id the organism since there are only two genera that can produce spores
- When choosing a method of sterilization, one should take into consideration the
presence of spores which should be destroyed, otherwise, the material will
remain unsterile.

There are three classifications of pores according to their shape and position: Central, Subterminal and
Terminal.

- means that it has equal

amounts of stain in the
Central cytoplasm

- there is unequal amount of

stain, not in the middle. It’s not
Subterminal towards the end and
somewhere like three-fourth of
the bacterial cell

- Means that it is at the end of

the bacterial cell.
Terminal - Described to be drumstick-like
in appearance.

- Usually present in It is Corynebacterium diphtheriae and stained

Corynebacterium diphtheriae with Loffler’s methylene blue. It is very simple
(Bacilli)
.
- found in the cytoplasm of the
cell
- Seen as darkly stained round
bodies found at the cytoplasm
of the cell or along the body of
the organism.

- These are metachromatic

granules or granular inclusion
bodies or also known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Metachromatic Volutin granules and they are Stained with acid fast stain.
granules present in some bacteria such
as: the genus
Corynebacterium and the
genus Mycobacterium

- These metachromatic
granules are accumulation of
metaphosphates formed with
the aid of energy-yielding
enzymatic reactions.
MICRO BIO EX 2: BACTERIAL CELL AND SPECIAL STRUCUTURES
Representative bacterium:
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Other name: Volutin granules and

Babes Ernst granules

Flagella

- Stained with the Grey method

- Difficult to visualize. That is
Proteus vulgaris why we need to use special
stain

Bacterial spores

- stained with Gram’s stain

- Central and subterminal
spores
- Present in the genus Bacillus
and genus Clostridium
- Gram (+) Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilis - Demonstrate both central and
subterminal spores

Morphology – Streptobacilli
Arrangement – bacilli in chains

Representative organism: Bacillus

subtilis
- Stained with Gram’s stain
- Anaerobic bacteria – cannot
survive with the presence of
oxygen
- Has the terminal spore
( drumstick-like appearance)
Clostridium -
tetani

- Surface adherence structure

- Just found outside the cell walls surrounding the cell.
- Difficult to visualize this special structure
Slime Layer and - Do not use gram stain bc very difficult to visualize so use special stain
Capsule - And the capsule is around the bacteria.
- Seen as a clear halo of light surrounding the bacterial cell.
- These are Mucilaginous substances which are polysaccharide in nature
- If there is only a small amount of polysaccharides, then it is the slime layer.
MICRO BIO EX 2: BACTERIAL CELL AND SPECIAL STRUCUTURES
- Stained with Anthony stain
- Morphology:
Diplococci especially a
lanceolate diplococci
- Special structure: capsule
- Gram (+) Diplococci

Streptococcus
pneumoniae

- Stained with India ink

- Also composed of
mucilaginous polysaccharides
-

Sarcina lutea

cr: shanyu_twt