CARBON

ASSIMILATION

Sunidhi Verma
Roll no.-607
 CARBON ASSIMILATION
• Carbon assimilation is the conversion
process of inorganic carbon to organic
compounds by living organisms.
• Generally there are 3 modes of carbon
assimilation.
-C3 cycle or
Calvin cycle
-C4 cycle or
Hatch & Slack cycle
-CAM pathway
 CALVIN CYCLE OR C3 CYCLE
• Calvin cycle also known as dark reaction is a
series of reaction that occur in the stroma of
chloroplast.
• The plants that use calvin cycle for the fixation
of carbon dioxide are known as Calvin or C3
plants.
• Example:- Cotton,Rice,Wheat,Potato.etc
• The Calvin cycle consists of three main parts
-Carboxylation
-Reduction
-Regeneration
C3 CYCLE
 Significance of Calvin cycle
• It is the main biochemical pathway during
the dark reaction.
• It result in the synthesis of carbohydrates
from CO2(assimilation of carbon).
• It depends upon the light reaction for the
supply of the assimilatory power{ATP &
NADPH2} required for carbon assimilation.
 C4 CYCLE
• The C4 cycle is an elaborated addition to
the C3 pathway.
• In some plants,the first product of CO2
fixation is not the 3 carbon molecule 3-
PGA,but a four carbon molecule
oxaloacetate(OAA).
• Example:-Maize,sugarcane,millet,sorghum,
grasses.etc
 SIGNIFICANCE OF C4 CYCLE
• In C4 plants,it increase the photosynthetic
yield two or three times more than C3
plants.
• In C4 plants,it performs a high rate of
photosynthesis even when the stomata
are nearly closed.
• It increases the adaptability of C4 plants
to high temperature and light intensities.
 CAM PATHWAY
• These plants have adopted organic acid
metabolism at night and have normal
photosynthesis during the day.
• The stomata are kept open during the night to
trap the atmospheric CO2 and are closed during
the day to avoid averse effects of transpiration.
• The malic acid produced during the night is
stored in the vacuole which on the onset of day
results in the production of CO2 which take part
in the C3 cycle.
CAM PATHWAY
COMPARISION BETWEEN C3,C4
AND CAM PHOTOSYNTHESIS
 REFERENCES
• Plant physiology by S.N Pandey & B.K Sinha
• NCERT Biology class 11
• Truemen’s biology part 1
• https://www.slideshare.net/ManviAbhishek/
new-microsoft-office-power-point-
presentation-70715039
• https://study.com/academy/lesson/carbon-
fixation-in-photosynthesis-definition-
reactions-quiz.html