1

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 LITERATURE SURVEY

T. Saminathan, Akash Musipatla et all.(2019) “IoT Based Automated

Waste Segregator for Efficient Recycling” This paper proposes a prototype of a
municipal waste segregator, which can segregate the dumped waste
immediately, leading to more recyclable paper. The Smart bin can be
programmed to send information about the dumped garbage, such that
respective action can be taken. Various sensors and motors are interfaced with
Arduino board in this system. The Smart bin is divided into three compartments.
Each compartment has their own function, the first compartment consists of an
IR sensor and a metal detector and the second compartment consists of another
IR sensor and a moisture sensor for detecting dry and wet waste, the last
compartment is subdivided into three bins for collection of the segre-gated
waste respectively. When implemented will help create more resources for
recycling as it decreases the probability of contamination, hence increasing the
resources usable for recycling.

S.A.A.Jude, S.Selva prabhu et al. (2019) “Automatic Waste Segregation

and Monitoring system of Municipal Solid Waste” This project “automatic
waste segregator and monitoring system”. This paper proposes an automatic
waste segregator (AWS) which is a cheap, easy to use solution for a segregation
system at households, so that the wastes can be sent directly for processing.
Automatic waste segregator is designed to sort the waste into three main
categories namely; metallic, organic and plastic, thereby making the waste
management more effective. Ultrasonic sensors are added for monitoring waste
collection process. The sensors would be placed in all the garbage bins. When
the garbage reaches the level of the sensor, then the indication will be given to a
 2

microcontroller. The microcontroller will give indication to the driver of

garbage collection truck by sending SMS using GSM technology. The proposed
system “automatic waste segregator and monitoring system” sorts wastes into
three different categories, namely metal, plastic and the wet (organic) waste.
Wet waste refers to organic waste such as vegetable peels, left-over food etc.
Separating our waste is essential as the amount of waste being generated today
causes immense problem. Here, we have tested the household wastes which are
generated in every home today and we have come up with the following result.
The waste segregator as the name suggests, segregates the waste into three
major classes: plastic, organic, metallic. The proposed system would be able to
monitor the solid waste collection process and management of the overall
collection process. The inlet section is provided with open and close mechanism
to regulate the flow of waste on to the conveyor. Inductive proximity sensor is
used to detect the metallic waste.A blower mechanism is used to segregate dry
and wet waste. The timing and movement of the conveyor belt is controlled by
Arduino Uno. Continuous and unnecessary operation of any particular section is
thus avoided.

Manisha Jayson, Sanket Hiremath et al (2018) “SmartBin-Automatic

waste segregation and collection” In this paper, we present SmartBin, a bin that
is able to segregate waste at source with no human intervention and can
automatically alert the waste collection centre when the bin is full. SmartBin
will help solve the waste segregation problem and help build a greener society,
with no compromise on health and hygiene. With growing urbanisation and
increasing population, effective waste disposal is a major concern. Manual
waste segregation is very expensive, time consuming and inefficient. This paper
presents a smart and cost effective solution for waste segregation. SmartBin was
thoroughly tested using different items that are usually disposed of on a regular
basis. To test for effective segregation of wet waste, vegetable peels, fruit peels
 3

and wet tissue were used. It was observed that the system was activated only
after the waste was kept on the tray. Following a two second delay period, the
material thrown by the user was correctly segregated into the wet sub bin.
The proposed SmartBin is an efficient waste segregation system that
requires no human intervention to separate dry and wet waste and paves the
path for timely collection and disposal. The proposed system can be deployed
on a domestic scale in households or on a large scale in public places. This
module can be considered to be in conjunction with the Government of India’s
Swachh Bharat scheme to reuse and recycle resources and enables scientific
waste management methods.

Nimisha S Gupta's, V Deepthi et al (2018) “Automatic Waste

Segregation” This project proposes a spot automatic waste segregation unit that
effectively gives a solution to this problem. In order to segregate the metallic
waste a parallel resonance impedance system is used, and for the separation of
wet and dry waste capacitive sensors are used. The benefits of this work are, the
waste has a higher potential for recovery and the occupational hazards of waste
separating workers is also reduced. It is a discrete state control system to
prevent over dumping of waste in bins and to separate wastes automatically
through conveyor belts. The filling level of each bin arranged at different
positions, is detected using the IR sensor. Each bin will have separate sub
conveyor belts and all these sub conveyor belts are connected to the main
conveyor belt. The wastes from all sub conveyor belts will get collected in the
main conveyor belt. The wastes from the main conveyor belt are given into dry,
wet and metallic wastes. Internet of Things (IoT) used in this project is useful
for counting the number of different types of wastes. Hence the quantity of each
type of wastes is also noticed. Waste management is all those activities, actions
and works required to manage waste from its production to its final disposal.
This project is designed such a way that a system which collects from different
 4

positions and segregates the wastes. As the bin fills IR sensor senses the level
and bin rotates into conveyor waste is collected from different locations and
reached to the segregation part through the main conveyor belt. The timing and
movement of the conveyor belt are controlled by the peripheral interface
controller (PIC microcontroller). As the name suggests automatic waste
segregation segregates the waste into three major classes: dry, wet, metallic by
using different types of sensors. An internet of things incorporated in this
project counted and monitored the waste.

Kavya Balakrishnan and Rosmi T B Swathy et al “Automatic Waste

Segregator and Monitoring System” This paper proposes an automatic waste
segregator (AWS) which is a cheap, easy to use solution for a segregation
system at households, so that the wastes can be sent directly for processing.
Automatic waste segregator is designed to sort the waste into three main
categories namely; metallic, organic and plastic, thereby making the waste
management more effective. Ultrasonic sensors are added for monitoring waste
collection process. The sensors would be placed in all the garbage bins. When
the garbage reaches the level of the sensor, then the indication will be given to a
microcontroller. The proposed system “automatic waste segregator and
monitoring system” sorts wastes into three different categories, namely metal,
plastic and the wet (organic) waste. Wet waste refers to organic waste such as
vegetable peels, left-over food etc. Separating our waste is essential as the
amount of waste being generated today causes immense problem. Here, we
have tested the household wastes which are generated in every home today and
we have come up with the following result. The microcontroller will give
indication to the driver of garbage collection truck by sending SMS using GSM
technology. The waste segregator as the name suggests, segregates the waste
into three major classes: plastic, organic, metallic. The proposed system would
be able to monitor the solid waste collection process and management of the
 5

overall collection process. The inlet section is provided with open and close
mechanism to regulate the flow of waste on to the conveyor. Inductive
proximity sensor is used to detect the metallic waste. A blower mechanism is
used to segregate dry and wet waste. The timing and movement of the conveyor
belt is controlled by Arduino Uno. Continuous and unnecessary operation of
any particular section is thus avoided.

Kavya, Sahana et al (2017) “Sensor Based Smart Dustbin for Waste

Segregation and Status Alert” This paper deals with easy and simple solution of
segregation of three types of wastes dry, metal and wet. It is designed to sort the
trash into metallic waste, wet waste and dry waste ready to be processed
separately for the next process of operation for this. Using Embedded
technology to continuous monitoring the dustbin in order to check whether
dustbin is full or not. Wireless sensors sense the amount of waste in the
containers if it reached the maximum container capacity, sends instant messages
to the trash management department which deploy them to collect the garbage
in no time. By implementing this product at different location, instead of driving
blindly on the static routes, we can optimize the collection schedule. The
proposed method is an efficient solution to the current waste management
problem which effectively segregates metal, dry and wet waste. This system can
be effectively deployed in industrial material segregation, scrap shops etc. The
Sensor Based Smart Dustbin (SBSD) effectively employs moisture sensors to
segregate. Our proposed work aims at segregation of waste materials in
particular metal, wet and dry waste. It is the first step towards recycling.
Recycling the waste materials has a huge impact on the economic condition of
the country since recycling of plastic can reduce the manufacture of plastic
using renewable resources and it also has an immense effect on the environment
by effectively managing the solid waste. However, many up gradations can be
 6

done to our existing project. Some of which are listed below. Advanced
processing techniques can be incorporated once the waste has been segregated.
Methods for individual material feeding for local use so that the segregation can
be per-formed continuously once the waste is dumped. Image sensing can be
used to segregate materials through Image processing technology.

Kalpana Devi. P, Dharini.D et al (2019) “Design of IoT based Garbage

Segregation for Automatic Smart Trash Bin using NI LabVIEW” This paper
deals with the Smart Trash Bin segregates wastes by itself as degradable wastes
and non-degradable wastes with the help of sensors and motors, interfaced with
NI myRIO. Rapid changes in technology, low initial cost and planned
obsolescence have resulted in a fast-growing surplus of wastes all around the
globe. People dump wastes on roadsides, which is not picked up regularly by
the people responsible. It’s proposed to separate the wastes into categories like
degradable and non-degradable will take place in an effectively closed
manner .The entire process of waste input, level and segregation is monitored
and controlled by the reconfigurable IO using sensors , thereby reducing the
open decomposition of organic wastes, thus curbing the growth of
microorganisms. Automated garbage segregation is successfully implemented
for the sorting out the wastes in to metals, plastic and vegetable peels Etc. The
entire sensing process for the segregation the waste is comtrolled and monitored
by MY RIO in single platform for the effective operation. This method of
implementation saves time in segregation by human and affordability in
domestic applications. This Smart Dustbin prototype will contribute a lot to the
society to provide a clean and hygienic environment. GSM module intimate the
bin status to the concerned authority for continual clearing of waste. GPS
module interface to the bin will update the location for the dump. The garbage
collector receives message thorough GSM module and identifies the location for
 7

garbage collection and dumps it into a segregator. This would lessen the stray
trash on the streets.

Heisnam Sursita Devi and Shruthi Shetty J (2019) “Smart Trash

Segregator Dustbin Monitoring System” This project is mainly concentrates on
domestic wastes whose value is unrecognized since people don’t spend time on
segregating waste into their basic streams. Instead of sending them to industries
first for segregation, waste can be sent directly for recycling if waste is
separated at household level. For monitoring waste collection process IR sensor
have been used. In all the garbage bins the sensor will be placed. When the
sensor detects it means garbage reaches the level of the sensor, then the
indication will be given to an Arduino UNO. Information will be sent to the
Municipal Corporation Using WeMo’s board. Due to rise in urbanization the
waste is increasing very fast. Therefore waste management is the important
need to protect the environment. The technological growth and innovation can
contribute to this important aspect to achieve environmental sustainability.
Waste need to be sorted at the basic level first so that it is helpful for Municipal
Corporation to dump it properly and further can be recycled.

Kesthara .V, Nissar Khan et al (2018) “Sensor Based Smart Dustbin for
Waste Segregation and Status Alert” This paper deals with using embedded
technology to continue monitoring the dustbin in order to check whether dustbin
is full or not. The sensors senses the amount of waste in the containers if it
reached the maximum container capacity, sends instant messages to the trash
management department which deploy them to collect the garbage in no time.
The main objective is to separate the waste into different dust bins and send the
information to respective office once the dust bin is filled with full of waste
materials. By implementing this product at different location, instead of driving
blindly in the static routes, we can optimize the collection schedule. The Trash
 8

management system is a step forward to make the manual collection and

detection of wastes automated in nature. It would pioneer work for solid waste
collection, monitoring and management processes. This project for the
management of wastes is efficient , automatic segregation and time saving
process than the currently employing method in which concerned municipal
employee has to look for the filled waste bins manually across different spots in
an area/street for checking regularly whether the waste bin is filled or not.
 9

Arduino Uno ESP 8266 Arduino Uno

 10

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