COLEGIO DE DAGUPAN

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
Adviser: Engr. Romulo Roel U. Pinlac

VIRTUAL INTERNSHIP:

CONSTRUCTION OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY

AND HEALTH REPORT

(COSH TRAINING)

Submitted By:

Borgonia, Chelsy Mae

Tandingan, Danilo Jr.

Submitted To:

Engr. Romulo Roel Pinlac, ECE

August 2021

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 COLEGIO DE DAGUPAN
SHOOL OF ENGINEERING
Adviser: Engr. Romulo Roel U. Pinlac

DAY 1
Occupational Accident

An unexpected and unplanned occurrence, including acts of violence arising out of or in

connection with work which results in one or more workers incurring a personal injury, disease
or death.

Occupational Injury

An injury which results from a work-related event or a single instantaneous exposure in

the work environment (occupational accident).

DATA GATHERING HAS BEEN PROBLEMATIC BECAUSE OF THE FOLLOWING

CONDITIONS:

• Fragmented OSH Administration. There is no central authority to coordinate all OSH

effort.
• Public apathy of OSH concerns. Most people do not generally pay attention to OSH
concern.
• Low priority on OSH concern by both management and labor.
• In adequate number of trained OSH personnel.
• Absence of strict penalties.
• Weak enforcement of OSH laws.

Definition of Terms:

• Temporary Incapacity- case where an injured person are absent from work for at least
one day, including the day of accident.
• Permanent Incapacity- case where an injured person are absent from work for at least
one day, including the day of accident including the day of accident.
• Fatal Case - case where a person is fatally injured as a result of occupation accident
whether death occurs immediately after the accident.
• Non-Fatal Accident
• Occupational Accident - unexpected and unplanned occurrence.
• Occupational Injury - an injury which results from a work related event.

Page 2 of 16
 COLEGIO DE DAGUPAN
SHOOL OF ENGINEERING
Adviser: Engr. Romulo Roel U. Pinlac

OSH Situation in the Global and Local Levels

As work patterns change, trends on accident and deseases may also reflect how workers
are affected.

Unsafe Condition

• Methodology
• Materials
• Maintenance
• Manpower

Hazard

A hazard is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effect on something
or someone. Hazard identification can be done. During inspections and after incidents.

CAUTION: Health Hazards

• Chemical
• Biological
• Physical
• Ergonomics
• Psychosocial.

Common types of Health hazards in the workplace area:

• Cancer is a term for many diseases in different parts of the body.

• Carcinogens are the agents that cause cancer.
• There is no totally safe level of exposure to something that causes cancer.

Types of Health Effects:

• Acute
• Chronic
• Local
• Systematic

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 COLEGIO DE DAGUPAN
SHOOL OF ENGINEERING
Adviser: Engr. Romulo Roel U. Pinlac

CAUTION: Safety Hazards

Common types of safety hazards in the workplace area:

• Slips, trips and falls

• Being caught in or struck by moving machinery or other objects
• Fire and explosions
• Confined spaces
• Violence

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Is a cross-disciplinary field devoted to the prevention of occupational diseases and the

promotion of worker safety and health.

Conditions in the workplace that has the potential to cause harm, including ill health and
injury, damage to property, product and the environment.

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISKS IN CONSTRUCTION

• Exposure to harmful materials

• Frequent loud noise
• Excessive use of vibrating tools
• Stress and Fatigue
• Lone Working

5 Basic Physical Examination

• Chest X-Ray
• Complete Blood Count
• Routine Urinalysis
• Fecalysis
• Physical Examination

The 3 Workplace Monitoring

• Work Environment Measurement (WEM)

• Biological Monitoring
• Medical Surveillance

Page 4 of 16
 COLEGIO DE DAGUPAN
SHOOL OF ENGINEERING
Adviser: Engr. Romulo Roel U. Pinlac

Administrative Controls vs Engineering Controls

• Breaking down task and weight loads to reduce the exertion necessary by employees.
• Limiting employee exertion by using equipment for heavy lifting.
• Ensuring that all workplaces provide employees the full range of motion required to
complete a task.

COVID-19

A new disease cause by SARS-CoV-2.

Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to moderate
respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment.  Older people, and those with
underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease,
and cancer are more likely to develop serious illness.

The COVID-19 virus spreads primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the
nose when an infected person coughs or sneezes, so it’s important that you also practice
respiratory etiquette (for example, by coughing into a flexed elbow).

Symptoms:

• Fever
• Cough
• Shortness of Breath
• Trouble Breathing
• Fatigue
•

Complications of Covid-19

• Pneumonia
• Acute Respiratory Failure
• Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
• Acute Liver Injury
• Blood Clots

Transmission:

• Close contact through respiratory droplets

• By direct contact with infected person
• By contact with contaminated object and surfaces when an infected person coughs or
sneezes.

Page 5 of 16
 COLEGIO DE DAGUPAN
SHOOL OF ENGINEERING
Adviser: Engr. Romulo Roel U. Pinlac

DAY 2

OSH LAWS AND ISSUANCES

General Provisions:

Protection to every workingman against the dangers of injury, sickness or death through
safe and healthful working conditions.

CONSTRUCTION SITE PLANNING

PLANNING - is the basic management tool that’s involved successfully completing a scheduled
collection of inter-related sequential activities.

HEIRARCHY OF CONTROLS

• Elimination
• Substitution
• Engineering Controls
• Administrative Controls
• PPE

CONSTRUCTION HAZARDS

• Open Excavation
• Falling Objects
• Welding Operation
• Dust Dirt
• Temporary Wirings
• Temporary Overhead Electrical Lines

Construction Site Requirements

• Warning/Safety Sign
• Protection

Page 6 of 16
 COLEGIO DE DAGUPAN
SHOOL OF ENGINEERING
Adviser: Engr. Romulo Roel U. Pinlac

HOUSEKEEPING

• Good housekeeping play an important role in accident prevention.

• All rubbish and Scraps materials are fire and accident hazards.
• Excess cables wires shall be place in a designated area for disposal.

Rule 1060 OSHS

• Premises of Stablishment - good housekeeping shall be maintained at all times through

cleanliness of building, yards, machine and equipments.
• 5S of Good Housekeeping
• Seiri (Sort/Eliminate)
• Seiton (Systematize/Organize)
• Seiso (Sweep/Clean/Polish)
• Sieketsu (Sanitize/Standardize)
• Shutsuke (Self- Discipline/Training)

How 5S Implemented

• Training
• Committees
• Planning
• Self-diagnosis and objective setting
• Monitoring
• Evaluation

Sewage Disposal - Sanitary sewage disposal should prevent the contamination of the ground and
water supply.

Plumbing - If plumbing is not properly installed or is not properly maintained, serious trouble
will ensure.

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

Electrical - a fundamental entity of nature consisting of negative and positive and kinds
composed of electrons and protons usually measured in electrostatic units.

Page 7 of 16
 COLEGIO DE DAGUPAN
SHOOL OF ENGINEERING
Adviser: Engr. Romulo Roel U. Pinlac

Basic Electrical Terms

• Conductor
• Insulator
• Danger from Electricity
• Shock
• Burn
• Fire

Electrical Hazard

• An electrical source of danger

• A potential risk for an electrical accident.

FIRE - is a chemical reaction between a flammable or combustible substance and oxygen.

• Flush Point
• Flammable Material
• Combustible Material

EXCAVATION - is any man made, cavity, trench, or depression in an earth surface form by
earth removal.

Types:

• Trench
• Bulk
• Shoring
• Shielding

Hand tool - is any tool that is not a power tool that is.

Power tool - are used in industry, in construction, in garden, for housework tasks such as
cooking.

PORTABLE POWER TOOLS

• Third Wiring Grounding - A common safety feature on electrical tools.

• Liquid Fuel Tools - fuel-powered tools are usually operated with gasoline.

Page 8 of 16
 COLEGIO DE DAGUPAN
SHOOL OF ENGINEERING
Adviser: Engr. Romulo Roel U. Pinlac

HEAVY EQUIPMENTS

- refers to any machine with engine or electrician motor as prime mover with minimum operating
weight and horsepower.

HAZARD PRESENT IN CONSTRUCTION HEAVY EQUIPMENT OPERATION

• Moving parts of the equipment

• Uneven terrain
• Energized electrical lines
• Full
• Dust
• Overloaded equipment
• Noise/Vibration
• Unsecured loads
• Improvised attachments
• Blind Spot

FALL PROTECTION

• Passive Full Protection

• Guard Rails
• Fences and Barricades
• Covers
• Safety Nets
• Butterfly Flat form
• Overhead Street Canopy (OSH)

ACTIVE FULL PROTECTION

• Fall Arrest
• Positioning
• Suspension
• Retrieval

Page 9 of 16
 COLEGIO DE DAGUPAN
SHOOL OF ENGINEERING
Adviser: Engr. Romulo Roel U. Pinlac

SCAFFOLDING

Three Types of Scaffolds:

• Supported scaffolds
• Suspended scaffolds
• Aerial and Scissor lifts

D.O. 128-13, Amending Rule 1414 on Scaffoldings of the 1989 OSHS, as amended

• Competent Person - refers to one who is capable of identifying existing and potential
hazards and surroundings or working conditions.
• Qualified Person - refers to the one who, by possession of a recognized techinal degree,
certificate and professional standing.

Factor of Safety

• Supported Scaffolds - at least four times the maximum intended load.

• Suspended Scaffolds - six times the max extended load.

Site Inspection and Preparation

• Ground Condition
• Overhead Wires
• Obstructions
• Changes in Surface Elevation
• Structural Support

Scaffold Inspection and Tagging

• Green - Wear Safety Belt

• Yellow - Wear Full Safety Harness
• Red - Stop Operation

DAY 3
Page 10 of 16
 COLEGIO DE DAGUPAN
SHOOL OF ENGINEERING
Adviser: Engr. Romulo Roel U. Pinlac

DEMOLITION is the complete or partial dismantling of a building or structure by pre-

planned and controlled methods or procedures. There are three methods to be used in demolition,
demolition is green demolition (manual) and by pulling of rope, mechanical demolition,
deliberate.
Demolition by hand is used in a wide variety of applications in the demolition industry
where there is a need to do a specific job and machinery is unsuitable due to access problems.
Demolition by rope is by connecting structural members are disconnected that first
allowing part of the remaining structure to be dragged down by the used of some pulling or
pushing equipment’s such as powered jack.
Demolition by wrecking ball is used by connecting the steel ball to a crane.
Demolition by pusher arm machine is by using of hydraulic arm with clamps mounted on
excavating machine.
Demolition by deliberated collapse requires engineering expertise to decide which key
structural members should be cut or removed.
Demolition by explosion is by using bombs with timer or detonator to be controlled in a
safe place.

Rule 1077: Work Environment Measurement (WEM)

• The employer shall exert efforts to maintain and control the working environment in
comfortable and healthy conditions.
• The employer shall carry out the WEM in indoor or other workplaces where hazardous
worked is perform.
• The WEM shall be perform periodically as may be necessary but no longer than annually.
• Purpose of WEM:
• To determine the magnitude of environment agents.
• To periodically check the environment through measurement.
• To predict harmfulness of new facilities.
• To monitor workers exposure to harmful substances.
• To evaluate the effectiveness of environmental control measures.
• To maintain favorable environments conditions.

Biological Hazards can be recognized as microbiological (Bacteria, viruses, fungi and

protozoa) or macrobiological (Insects, parasites, plants and animals). Can be exposed by
ingestion, inhalation or skin contact (absorption or injection). The degree of hazard from
exposure to harmful environments factors or stresses would depend on nature of the material
involved, intensity of exposure, duration of exposure, and/or individual susceptibility.

Page 11 of 16
 COLEGIO DE DAGUPAN
SHOOL OF ENGINEERING
Adviser: Engr. Romulo Roel U. Pinlac

EXPOSURE STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES

• Standards - Legally acceptable exposures limits (Rule 1070, OSHS establishes the TLVs)
• Guidelines - Recommended maximum exposure which are voluntary are not legally
enforceable.
• Agencies or organizations that may evaluate the hazard are OSHA, NIOSH, ACGIH,
OSHS, TLV

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) is to be selected and provided to

employees provided to employee’s assigned duties where hazard cannot be sufficiently abated or
removed to prevent occupational injury or illness. The PPE is under the DEPARTMENT
ORDER NO.13 Section 6 Personal Protective Equipment says that every employer shall at his
own expense, furnish his workers with protective equipment for eyes, face, hands and feet,
lifeline and safety belt/harness.
Example of PPE are safety glasses, goggles, face shields, hoods, shoes and boots, mats
and blankets, respirators, gloves, coveralls and many more.

PPE PROGRAMS:
• Selection • Maintenance
• Fitting • Disposal
• Health Aspects • Training and Information
• Compatibility • Supervision
• Issue • Reviews
• Proper Use • Checklist

JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS (JHA) is one of the most effective tools available to help
supervisors protect the health and safety or their employees. The information provided by a
thorough job hazard analysis can be used as a basis for developing or updating standard
operating procedures, training employees, observing employee performance, conducting
inspections, investigating accidents.
Three stage process are List the basic steps necessary to perform the job from start to
finish, identify every existing or potential hazards associated with each job step, and develop
recommendations for ways to eliminate, or control each other.
Consideration hierarchy of controls when determining controls are by elimination,
substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls and/or signage/warnings, and by using
PPE.

Page 12 of 16
 COLEGIO DE DAGUPAN
SHOOL OF ENGINEERING
Adviser: Engr. Romulo Roel U. Pinlac

ROUTINE SITE SAFETY INSPECTION is conducted to ensure that the employees

are following standard procedures and most importantly to ensure the safety of everyone. An
inspection is a service to an organization and its workforce. Not a burden.
Types of Safety Inspection are continuous inspection, periodic/interval inspection,
intermittent/emergency inspection, regular inspection, general inspection.

Inspection Tools are Clipboards, Inspections forms and checklist, Pens/Pencils, Lock-
out/tag-out supplies, Measuring Tape/Ruler, Tape Recorder, Camera, Flashlights, Sampling
Containers, Special PPE,

ABBI APPROACH
• Above
• Below
• Behind
• Inside

ACCIDENT CAUSATION RISKY WORKPLACES AND RISKY WORKERS

Accident Investigation - A methodical effort to collect and interpret the facts of accident.

CONDUCT INVESTIGATION
INVESTIGATION TOOLS for conducting investigations are paper and pen, copy of
regulations and standards (HIRAC), SDS, accident investigation report forms, camera,
measuring device.

DAY 4

Accidents can be caused by man, machine, environment, materials, methods, and

management. Human elements in safety are attitudes, behavior, values, habits knowledge, and
skills.
TOOLBOX MEETING is an informal group discussion that focuses on a particular
safety issue. The names come from the team gathering around a toolbox at a construction site for
the talk, but these meetings can be held at any workplace. The purpose of Toolbox Meeting is to
discuss safety issues and hazards in the workplace. The Toolbox Meeting may last up to 10–15-
minute on-the-job meeting held to keep employees alert to work-related accidents and illnesses.
TBM requires management support, careful preparation, and meeting proceedings.

Page 13 of 16
 COLEGIO DE DAGUPAN
SHOOL OF ENGINEERING
Adviser: Engr. Romulo Roel U. Pinlac

DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS
• Equip a place of employment for workers free from hazardous conditions that are causing
or likely to cause death.
• Provide complete job instructions and proper orientation to all workers including.
• Participate in capacity building on OSH.
• Proper use of safeguards.
• Comply with instruction to prevent accidents.

How do you communicate OSH to Employees?

• Workers OSH seminar
• Osh committee meetings
• Toolbox Meeting
• Visuals, OSH bulletin Boards, posters IEC (Information, Education, Communication,
Materials)
• Email bridges, huddles, town hall meetings,
• Specific OSH learning sessions, orientations.

Safety Meetings/Briefings
Daily Safety Briefings - by supervisors to all workers that help foster good safety and health
culture.

Training is a learning intervention. It improves match between job requirements and

individual's knowledge, skills, and attitudes. After training, the individual is able to apply
learning immediately. The goal of training is to aim for a favorable change in perceptions,
attitudes, and behaviors in a positive direction of an individual, group of organization.

Training Needs Analysis (TNA) is to determine whether trainings are needed in the first
place. Training should be based on sound, clearly identified requirements.

Training Implementation: Phases of the Training Cycle (ADDIE)

• Conduct of training • Monitor
• Take care of logistics • Analyze
• Keep records of learners’ progress • Design
• Evaluate training instructors’ performance • Develop
• Make adjustments when needed • Implement
• Monitor & Evaluate

Page 14 of 16
 COLEGIO DE DAGUPAN
SHOOL OF ENGINEERING
Adviser: Engr. Romulo Roel U. Pinlac

Responses to OSH Issues and Concerns

 Different types of emergencies
 Elements of an Emergency Preparedness Plan.
 Basic preparation of common emergencies
 Fire Code requirement for a Fire Brigade Organization/Disaster Risk Management Team.
PANIC - People are not inform correctly.
Emergency - A sudden, unexpected occurrence demanding immediate action.
Disaster - A sudden calamitous event bringing great damage, loss or destruction.

Example of Technological Hazards:

 Fire
 Explosion
 Building collapse
 Major structural failure
 Spills.

The risk from natural hazards would include floods, earthquakes, severe wind storms, severe
extremes temperature (cold or hot), pandemic disease like influenza, covid-19, volcanic eruption.
Procedures:
• Nature of Emergency
• Degree if Emergency
• Size if Organization
• Capabilities of the organization in an emergency situation.
• Physical layout of the premises

Objectives in giving FIRST AID is to alleviate suffering of the victim, to prevent added
injury to the victim and to prevent further harm, and to prolong the life of the victim

IN CASE OF FIRE:
• Activate fire alarm (break glass)
• Call of help, dial your hot line number
• Try to extinguish fire if knowledgeable to do so
• Do not take any personal risk
• Follow instructions of evacuation team guide
• Proceed to the assembly area
* Fire Code requirement for a Fire Brigade Organization/Disaster Risk Management Team
* IRR of the R.A. 9514 Requirement
* RULE 6. FIRE BRIGADES, FIRE VOLUNTEER ORGANIZATION AND FIRE SAFETY
PRACTITIONERS’ DIVISION
Page 15 of 16
 COLEGIO DE DAGUPAN
SHOOL OF ENGINEERING
Adviser: Engr. Romulo Roel U. Pinlac

THE EMPLOYEE’S COMPENSATION PROGRAM

Private Sector
• All workers who are registered as compulsory members of the SSS except self-employed
• Overseas seafarers

REGISTRATION. Every employee shall be registered to the GSIS or SSS through his
employer within one month or 30 days from the date of employment.

Loss of Income Benefit

• Under the ECP, it is not the illness or injury that is compensated.
• It is the incapacity to work (DISABILITY) as a result of the illness or injury.
• Temporary Total Disability (Daily Sickness or Benefits)

BENEFITS:
• For a disability that prevents an employee from performing his work for a continuous
period not exceeding 120 days.
• May go beyond 120 days but not to exceed 240 days.
• The amount of daily income benefit shall be 90% of the employee's average daily salary
credit as determined by the System.
• Medical Services
- It includes reimbursement of the cost of medicines for the illness or injury.
- The medical services are limited to ward services of hospitals duly accredited by
the Department of Health (DOH).

KAGABAY PROGRAM
It is the component of Employee's Compensation Program (ECP) that extends
Rehabilitation services to Occupationally Disabled Workers (ODWs)

DEVELOPMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (OSH) PROGRAM

• Safety and Health Program - refers to a set of detailed rules to given company policy.
• Safety Program - is a plan or outline of activities conducted to promote consciousness
among management and workers in workplaces.
• Safety Programs Organization - is the method employed by management to assign
responsibility for accident.

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