& ‘CANDIDATE PLEASE NOTE [PRINT your name on the fine below and retuen| Gi bole wi oe eee | Test cope 02207010 FORM TP 2018155 MAY/JUNE 2018 CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION® BIOLOGY UNIT 2-Paper 01 J hour 30 minutes READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY. This test consists of 45 items. You will have 1 hour and 30 minutes to answer them. In addition to this test booklet, you should have an answer sheet. Do not be concerned that the answer sheet provides spaces for more answers than there are items in this test. Each item in this test has four suggested answers lettered (A), (B), (C), (D). Read each item you are about to answer and decide which choice is best. On your answer sheet, find the number which corresponds to your item and shade the space having the same letter as the answer you have chosen. Look at the sample item below. Sample Item Which of the following chemical compounds is NOT a form of energy storage? Sample Answer ar e®©O8 (B) Lipid (©) Aleohol (D) Lactic acid ‘The correct answer to this item is “ATP”, so (A) has been shaded. If you want to change your answer, erase it completely before you fill in your new choice. When you are told to begin, turn the page and work as quickly and as carefully as you can. If you cannot answer an item, go on to the next one. You may return to that item later. ‘You may do any rough work in this booklet. Figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. ‘The use of non-programmable calculators is allowed. DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. Copyright © 2017 Caribbean Examinations Council. Alll rights reserved. 0220701 0/CAPE 2018Item 1 refers to the following diagram of a longitudinal section through a dicotyledonous leaf. Which of the following combinations correctly identifies Cell X and its importance in photosynthesis? al h te in importance cl piaiarabeas (A) |Spongy | Contains numerous chloroplasts {B) | Palisade | Contains photosynthetic pigments {© | Spongy | Contains photosynthetic pigments D) | Palisade | Contains numerous mitochondria In non-cyclic photophosphorylation, photolysis occurs, oxygen is released and hydrogen is taken up by an acceptor molecule. Which of the following molecules accepts hydrogen? (A) FA (B) NAD (© Rupp (D) NADP 02207010/CAPE 2018 Which of the following combinations correctly identify the MAIN factors the rate of photosynthesis? 1. Light intensity and temperature II. Carbon dioxide concentration and state of the stomata II. NAD and ATP availability (A) Land I only (B) Land Ill only (©) Wand Il only (D) 1, Mand ll The yield of greenhouse crops is higher than that of field crops due to increased photosyntheticactivity by the plants. Which factors MOST likely contribute to this? 1. Constant application of farmyard manure I, Humidair‘and moist soil conditions II. Higher tharvaverage carbon di levels’ (A) Land Ii only (B) Land {ll/only (C) Wand Ill only (D) 1, Wand att In anaerobic respiration, the maximum number of ATP molecules that may be produced from a molecule of glucose is (A) 2 (Gy Fe (© 34 (D) 38 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE6 During aerobic respiration in mammals, tem 8 refers to the following experimental acetyl coenzyme A is set up. (A) used in the Krebs cycle Pipette tip (B) converted to lactic acid (©) _used to synthesize glycogen (D) one of the products of the Krebs eycle 7. Cofactors of the electron transport chain include (A) vitamin A (B) vitamin B (©) vitamin c ©) vitaminD tae peas Dry non-absorbent cotton Absorbent cotton soaked with KOH A possible reason for setting up Apparatus is to (A) measure the amount of carbon dioxide being evolved by dry peas ef (B) verify that oxygen gas is being consumed only by germinating peas (©) compare the amount of carbon dioxide used by peas in both tubes (D) _controltheamount of oxygen being consumed by germinating peas in Apparatus I GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE, 02207010/CAPE 2018 .10, iu 12. 13. In anaerobic respiration, pyruvatedoes not enter the Krebs cycle but instead undergoes fermentation’. Which of the following is NOT a possible product of this process? (A) Ethanol (B) Lactic acid (©) Oxidized NAD (D) Reduced NAD A biological pyramid is NOT considered to be a pyramid of (A) energy (B) species (©) _ biomass (D) numbers A limitation of biological pyramids is that organisms have to be (A) __ keptalive for the study (B) __ killed in order to obtain data (C)__ identified by international experts (D) _ observed for long periods of time in their natural habitats Items 12-13 refer to the following entities. (A) Energy = (B) Sulphur (©) Nitrogen (D) Phosphorus Inanswering Items 12-13, each option may be used once, more than once or not at all, Which of the entities above is NOT recycled in ecosystems? non-gaseous? 0220701 0/CAPE 2018 14. 15, Which of the following does NOT promote ecosystem stability? (A) Ecosystems maintain a low biodiversity. (B) Ecosystems replenish nutrients by recycling all elements (©) __ Ecosystems are able to respond to environmental changes. (D) Ecosystems use sunlight as their main source of energy. Which of the following is MOST likely an indirect value of biodiversity conservation? (A) Obtaining lumber from forest trees (B) Obtaining medicinal products from plants (©) __ Enjoying recreational activities in natural environments (D) Generating an income for the guides of nature tours GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEIcm_16 refers to the following diagram which showsa transverse section ofatypical dicotyledonous root. 16. The Casparian strip is found in the layer labelled 1 ®) © wl () Vv 02207010/CAPE 2018 One of the methods by which water ascends xylem vessels is capillarity. ‘This is facilitated by xylem vessels which (A) @) © (D) are narrow are lignified are dead when mature have pits in their walls GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE6a Items 18-19 refer to the following graph which shows the oxygen dissociation curve for adult haemoglobin at pH 7.0 and 7.7. 4 R pH7.7 ae pH7.0 Partial pressure of oxygen (pO,) 18. Which of the parts labelled I, IT, III and IV represents the percentage saturation of haemoglobin leaving an active muscle? Ch @) I © ml © WV 19. Where in the mammalian circulation will haemoglobin be saturated at the percentages shown at Points P, Q and R on the graph? Left Ventricle | Pulmonary Vein | Venae Cavae “ P Q R @) Q P R © R Q P @) Q R P GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE, 0220701 0/CAPE 2018 =oe items 20-21 refer to the following diagram which shows a type of vascular tissue. pay (aoe ey 20. The function of the structure labelled II is MOST likely to (A) move materials against a concentration gradient (B) _ provide strength to resist changes in pressure (©) reduce resistance to the movement o* materials (D) reduce friction for the movement of materials 21. Which of the following would MOST likely result if the structure labelled I is damaged? (A) Sucrose would enter the xylem vessels (B) Hydrostatic pressure would be lost in III. (©) __ Active transport of sucrose would gocur faster. (D) Large quantities of sucrose would ditfuse into II GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02207010/CAPE 2018 E22. 25. 26. Item 22 refers to the following diagram of 23. Anormal pulse is due to a longitudinal section of a human heart. (A) arterial diastole (B) arterial systole (C) ventricular diastole (D) ventricular systole 24. Which of the following blood components, when increased, is LEAST likely to result in an increase in heart rate? (A) pH (B) Salt (C) Water (D) Adrenaline Which labelled region receives deoxygenated blood? (A) I @) wl © W ©) Vv Items 25-26 refer to the following diagram of a model of major components of a generalized homeostatic system in an organism. | detector [contrat cenire | —o{ enecor = x Which of the following would MOST likely occur if the mechanism labelled X is missing from the system? (A) Errors in the system would not be corrected. (B) Changes in the system would not be detected. (C)__ Asteady-state system would not be maintained. (D) There would be no significant effect on the system. Which of the following statements BEST explains the significance of the control centre? (A) Itacts as a stimulus to send information towards the effector. (B) _Itstimulates both the detector and the effector to produce a response. (C) __ It acts as a reference point to determine mode of action by the effector. (D) _ It stimulates the detector to measure the incoming information in the system. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE, 0220701 0/CAPE 2018 2WL 21. 2B. em 27 refers to the following diagram which shows the mammalian nephron and its associated blood vessels. Which region has cells with numerous mitochondria and microvilli lining lumens? @ 1 (@) ow © lm (D) Vv Which of the following structural features prevents the passage of molecules (with a molecular mass greater than 68 000) from the glomerular capillaries intosthe Bowman’s capsule? ‘The basement membrane of the epithelial cells of the Bowman’s capsule (B) The cell surface membrane of the endothelial cells of the capillaries (C) The cell surface membrane of the epithelial cells of the Bowman’s capsule The spaces between the extensions of the podocytes of the Bowman's capsule a) (D) 0220701 0/CAPE 2018 -9- 29, 30, 31. jms 29-30 refer to the following diagram which shows a motor neurone. Oo Vv ‘The function of the structure labelled TIT isto (A) supply nutrients to the cell body (B) enable the cell to regenerate after damage (C) facilitate rapid transmission of impulses. (D) receive impulses from the muscles to the spinal cord Which of the labelled structures contains vesicles with aneurotransmitter substance? @ 1 ®) ou © @) Iv The term health’ is BEST defined as. (A) eating a well-balanced diet (B) the muscle tone of an individual © incidence of disease in an individual (D) the state of physical, mental jtual well-being of an individual GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE32. 33, -10- Which of the following types of disorders MOST likely contributes to Type II diabetes? (A) Mental (B) Dietary (C)__ Physiological (D) Psychological Item 33 refers to the following diagram of the structure of an antibody. x Which of the following terms correctly identifies the structure labelled X in the diagram? @ .e region (B) Variable region © iphide bridge (D) Light polypeptide chain 02207010/CAPE 2018 34. 35. Items 34-35 refer to the following options. (A) Cell-mediated response (B) Humoral response (©) Physical immune response (D) Non-specific immune response Inanswering Items3435, each optionmay be used once, more than once or not all. Whichtypeofresponse would MOST likely beinvolvedin producing immunoglobulins? involve T-lymphocytes that are specific to antigens? GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE36. 37. 39, eile Item 36 refers to the following graph which shows varying concentrations of antibodies over a period of time. uu Antibody concentration ‘Time (days) Which point MOST likely corresponds to the antibody concentration when memory cells are activated after a second infection? Coe (@) © ww oO) WV Which of the following procedures does NOT involve the use of monoclonal antibodies? (A) Tissue typing (B) Diabetes test (C) Pregnancy test (D) Cancer treatment Which of the following statements is true for mast cells? (A) They are found in lymph nodes only, (B) They are the smallest circulating granulocytes, (C) They are large granulocytes which engulf pathogens. (D) They contain many granules rich in histamine and heparin. Injecting virus antigens into the body results in (A) anantigenie drift (B)__ anantigenic shift (© natural immunity (D) artificial immunity GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE, 0220701 0/CAPE 2018 :-12- Item 40 refers to the following diagram which shows the general structure of HIV. 40. Which of the following combinations correctly identifies the parts labelled I, II and 111? i i m A) [Capsia Viral envelope RNA strand (8) _[Capsia RNA strand Viral envelope (© _[Viral envelope RNA strand Capsid (D)_[Viral envelope Capsid RNA strand Item 41 refers to the following table which summarizes statistical data recorded for HIV infections, in Country X during the period 2004 to 2005. Year | Population | Number of People Number __| Living with HIV, 2004| 456 600 5000. 2005| 456 600 5600 41. What is the incidence rate of HIV during the period 2004 to 2005? (A) 0.012% (B) 0.13% © 12% (@) 13% GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 0220701 0/CAPE 2018 ‘42. aes The formula for body mass index (BMI)is 44, the BMI for an individual whose weight is 130 kg and height 170 em? (A) 0.0045 (B) 0.0222 © 4 ©) 7% Which of the following is NOT a consequence of long-term use of alcohol? (A) Dehydration of brain cells 45, (DB) Demyelination of nerve cells (©) __ Impaired nervous transmissions (D) Reduced inhibition and impaired judgement END OF TEST Which of the following persons have surpassed their daily alcohol limit (DAL) in blood? 1. 0.14 units of wine consumed by a pregnant woman I, 3-4 units of beer consumed by a female bus driver Il, 4-5 units of beer consumed by a male office worker (A) Land Il only (B) Land Ill only (©) Mand Ill only (@) — LMand Il ‘Compared to non-smokers, smokers are ata greater risk of suffering from a stroke MOST likely because of an increase in the (A) ___ levels of dopamine in parts of the brain (B)__ probability of blood elots forming inappropriately because the blood is more viscous (©) rate of cell division in the lung tissue leading to a greater risk of tumour development (D) deterioration of the lung tissue due to the breakdown of the walls of many alveoli IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST. 0220701 0/CAPE 2018