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Project Report: Fountain Design

Presentation · October 2020

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.28431.82080

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Brian Pung Moi Raho

The Papua New Guinea University of Technology The Papua New Guinea University of Technology
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 Project Report

Fountain Design

Group Members I.D Number Task

Moi RAHO 19300248 Project Requirements, Design Procedure
used, Presentation of each Design
Element, Concept and Design
Calculations.
Robin Pawa 16300153 Site Analysis
Brian PUNG 19300231 Intended Project Design
Luke Jr. PITAKOE 18301943 Project Layout

Lecturer Ms. Stephanie Konts

Subject Code CE223
Course Code BECV.2
Due Date Thursday/22/10/20

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Table of Contents
1.0 List of Abbreviations and Symbols...................................................................................... 3
2.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 4
2.0 Project Requirements ........................................................................................................... 5
3.0 Site Analysis........................................................................................................................... 6
5.0 Intended Project Description ................................................................................................... 7
6.0 Project Layout ........................................................................................................................... 8
7.0 Design Procedure used ........................................................................................................... 10
8.0 Presentation of each Design Element .................................................................................... 11
9.0 Concept and Design Calculations .......................................................................................... 17
10.0 Design Cost Analysis ............................................................................................................. 21
11.0 Reference ............................................................................................................................... 24
12.0 Appendices ............................................................................................................................. 25

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1.0 List of Abbreviations and Symbols

Abbreviations/Symbols Meaning
GPH Gallons Per Hour
Pa Pascals
Gal. Gallons
L Litre
m Metre
s Second
Density
g Gravity
HA Head Added
HL Head Loss
v Velocity
V Volume
Q Flow Rate
Head of Pump/ Head Added
Friction Loss
F Friction Factor
A Area
L Length
n.d No Date
PGK Papua New Guinea Kina

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2.0 Introduction
The history of water fountains dates back thousands of years. Ancient Greeks built water
fountain above springs that were thought to have magical power. Water fountains have
included replica of the Greek gods and goddesses. Ancient Romans copied this Greek design
in the construction of Ancient Roman fountains.
Some of the most complicated fountains were built during the renaissance (1500-1700) and
the most world’s famous fountains were constructed from 1600-1700. Many of the fountains
constructed in the US during 1800-1900 copied the classical designs. Artificial fountains
include electronics mechanisms to control the flow of water, lighting and sounds (Udin.A,
December, 2010)
The type of fountain chosen for this project is a simple artificial fountain design influenced
by the factors of cost effectiveness and the ease-to-assemble the components of the fountain.
This fountain is designed in a way that it can be dis- assembled with ease and be assembled
indoor or outdoor if need be. The fountain consists of a submersible pump which is located in
the basin and the cable is led under the basin through a hole and out to a main power source.
Most designers agree it is prudent to restrict the jet height to half the radius of the pool, this
statement was used to determine a suitable jet height for the fountain according to basin
requirements. This is a low-cost option but exposes all the engineering and mechanical
components. More maintenance is required as there is no filtration or water treatment. There
are some colored lightings for more beautification. Water fountain is used in natural
beautification for entertainment.

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3.0 Project Requirements

 Basin
 Tile
 PVC pipe
 Fiber board
 Silicon
 Cement
 Brass pipe
 Grout
 Insulation Tape
 Water Pump with LED lights

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4.0 Site Analysis

Consideration of the ambient environment is important to the design of a fountain either for
indoor or outdoor installations.

1. Wind.
Essentially, we contemplate or consider the speed of the wind because when the speed of
the wind increases causes the water stream to move side way as water flow out through
the fine nozzle and the water may flow over or may flow out of the base. This overspills
or run-off can assuredly affect a lot to the fountain.

2. Temperature
Due to increase in temperature due to the heat produced by the sun, it adds to the change
in volume of water in a fountain system. Relative humidity can be important in both
indoor and outdoor installations. For this project, the fountain requirement was to be built
outdoors. Due to the hot climate experienced in Lae, Morobe Province, the humidity is
less than 20% and affects the volume flow rate of the fountain design system. In order to
avoid such errors, the surface area for the fountain basin must be minimized to reduce the
loss of water due to evaporation.

3. Moist and rain

Moist and rain can affect the fountain by increasing the volume of the water in the
fountain. This causes disturbance to the recycle of the water flow since the volume
changes from the required one. Therefore, in order to maintain the volume of the water the
fountain water should be measured every morning to the required volume.

4. The Surroundings
The surrounding trees can cause the fountain water to be contaminated with leaves and
some dirt from the grass or the ground or the surrounding buildings. This dirt’s can be
sucked into the suction of the pump and blocking the flow of water. Therefore, in order to
prevent these, the fountain water must be cleaned every day or located in a more open
space area far from trees or buildings.

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5.0 Intended Project Description

Project overview

The project was done to provide beautification to the Civil engineering department entrance. And the
main purpose of this project is for BECV – 2 students to understand the fluid mechanics in a fountain.
And this is significant for student to have a concrete knowledge and confidence in building a fountain
in the future.

Project purpose and need

Purpose – to understand fluid mechanics in a fountain.

Need – to design a cheap and simple fountain that can recycle the water flow without spilling off the
basin.

Project justification

The project will give student a concrete knowledge in fluid mechanics and also it will definitely
beautify the Civil engineering department entrance.

Project approach

1. First, site visitation and identification of the environmental factors that can affect the fountain
2. Drafting of the fountain design by hand
3. Dimensioning of the design using SketchUp
4. Research piping system and do piping system calculations
5. Final design (merging the fountain designed with the appropriate piping system)
Project schedule

A total of 4 weeks was given for this project:

 Week 1 – site visitation and drafting
 Week 2 – research piping system and calculation
 Week 3 – calculation
 Week 4 – final design
Project requirements

 The design to be cost effective

 Simple and easy to built
 The fountain must maintain the recycle of water without spilling off the basin
Expected outcome

 The fountain should supply a recycle flow of water without spilling off the basin
 The fountain should be able to withstand the environmental factors
 The fountain should stand out and attract attentions
 Students should be able to understand the fluid mechanics in a fountain
 Students should know how to design and build a fountain of any style

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6.0 Project Layout

The main materials or components in the design of the fountain;
1. Pump
2. Nozzle
3. Basin
4. Power Supply
5. Discharge Piping
6. Drain Piping
PUMP
One of the key vital design components is the selection of the type of pump that will be used
in generating the energy of the fluid flowing. The pump that we choose and will use is a
Submersible Pump. Submersible Pumps are pumps that are completely immersed in liquid
and having a hermetically sealed motor which is a motor that is air tight so that water cannot
sip in and damage the motor.
NOZZLE
The Nozzles are key in producing the type of column liquid streaming out of the fountain
nozzle. The nozzle chosen that will be used for this Fountain Design Project will be a
Precision jet creating nozzle. Precision jet creating nozzle is ideal due the basin as it will
only cater for water stream falling inside the basin. The other reason in choosing this type of
nozzle is that it is sample and one of the cheapest nozzles available.

BASIN
The basin will be specially designed as it will be elevated above the ground level. The basin
is where the reservoir of water will be stored as it is important in recycling the water and
most importantly saving water. The basin will be ordered for as it will be easier than building
one as the shape and size matters as it is important for pressure requirements.
POWER SUPPLY
The power supply needed for the pump and the lighting will be generated from the nearby
Civil Engineering power supply. The voltage needed by both equipment is a standard 240
voltage.
DISCHARGE PIPING
The discharge piping system is the piping system where the water will flow from the pump to
the fountain nozzle. The water flowing inside the pipe system will be driven by the power
produced by the pump. The piping system height and diameter will be crucial for calculating
the of the discharge height.
DRAIN PIPING
The Drain Piping is the piping system that will allow the waste water to be flow out. The
flow of the water flowing through the drain pipe will be purely induced by gravity as it will
flow from higher elevation to a lower elevation. The tap will be positioned in the pipping
system so that the waste water can be removed easily and only when needed to.

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7.0 Design Procedure used

The project has been designed through five stages. These stages include;
a. Drafting of the fountain design
This idea came through the thought of keeping the project to a cost-effective product
and the ease-to-assemble the fountain components. The fountain design draft was first
done through pencil sketch on piece of papers.

b. Dimensioning the draft

From the skills of using Sketch-Up App attained in the first year of study in Bachelor
in Civil Engineering, the project design draft was easily put to dimensioning using
Sketch-Up. The dimensions were given based on the requirements posted in the
assessment given for the project. The components of the fountain were sketched
individually, dimensioned and then were merged together to complete the fountain
design.

c. Research on piping system and calculations

This process involves a number of sources collected online on the calculations
involved in the flow of water in the pipes and how the pipes affect the water flow.
This basically, utilizes the Bernoulli’s equation, Darcy’s Friction loss formula, Hazen
William’s Formula and other Fluid Mechanics formulas for losses in pipes and other
accessories include in a piping system of a fountain.

d. Calculation for the choice of pump

Through the research done, the type of pump required for the fountain was identified
or chosen from the calculations done. The calculations used in order to determine the
type of pump to use are as follows:
 Finding the velocity at nozzle
 Finding the flow rate of the system
 Head Loss Calculations
 Total Head Loss
 Calculate the head added by the pump and,
 Calculating power, the pump requires to work.

e. Final design of the water fountain

Final design of the water fountain was assembled after the dimensioning of the
components and the calculations of the required pump and piping system needed. The
assembling of the fountain was done using Sketch-up to provide a clear and accurate
display of the water fountain.

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8.0 Presentation of each Design Element

Components viewed in layers:
a. Basin (Bowl)

Front View

Top View

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b. 1st Basin Base

Front View

Top View

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c. 2nd Basin Base

d. Stand

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e. Stand holder

f. Fountain Base

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Piping system Design

 Drainage Piping

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Complete view of Fountain Design

a

Drainage
Piping Piping System Design

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9.0 Concept and Design Calculations

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10.0 Design Cost Analysis

Image Description/Features Product Cost

1. Pump with LED  Completely PGK 11.99
Lights submersible pump.
 Extremely quiet
operation.
 Flow rate:
Max.180L/H
 Plug Type: EU Plug
 Power: 3W
 LED QTY: 4
 Input Voltage: AC
220V

2. Basin  12 Inches Marble PGK 2990.89

Wash Basin Sink
Counter Top

3. Fiber Board  18mm Thick Fiber PGK 18.38

Cement Board

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4. Valve/Tap  2 inches Ball valve PGK 2.47

5. PVC  4 inches diameter PGK 2.65

PVC pipes

6. Tile  Ceramic Floor Tile PGK 7.48

7. Cement  Fast water rapid PGK 1.84

hardening cement
leakage plugging
repair slurry (5Kg)

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8. Grout  Anats-651 ceramic PGK 21.50

beauty sealant

9. Brass Pipe  Brass pipe PGK 150

Capital of Cost: PGK 3,207.20

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11.0 Reference

Https://www.academia.edu/530537/Project_Paper

www.inspection-for-industry.com

https://www.google.com/search?q=template+for+project+description

https://alibaba.com

http://made-in-china.com

http://www.ebay.com

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11.0 Appendices

Figure 1 – Diagram of the piping system from the pump to the nozzle draft

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