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y 31. Find the midpoint of each rod. All the midpoints lie
O M O on the same line; place the edge of a ruler under
4
this line.
2
PROJECT
x
–8 –6 –4 –2 2 Project should satisfy the following criteria:
–2
● Both of the given “impossible” objects are reproduced.
E –4
● Students created their own “impossible” object.
You can use a similar method to find the third Extra credit
vertex if the right angle is at E. You will get (3, 3) ● The objects are drawn in creative ways that accentuate
or (11, 3). their impossibility.
 and EO
If the right angle is at O, then MO  will be ● Students include analyses of Escher’s Waterfall and
the congruent sides. Visually, you can see that vertex Belvedere.
O must be located on the horizontal line y  0.5
(that is, the horizontal line through the midpoint of EXTENSION
). For O to be a right angle, the slopes of MO
ME  Answers will vary.
 must be negative reciprocals. The two
and EO
points that satisfy these criteria are (0.5, 0.5) LESSON 1.6
or (7.5, 0.5).
EXERCISES
24. Possible answers: (3, 1), (1, 9), (2, 2), (4, 8),
(0, 1), or (1, 6). If the right angle is at C, then , BD
1. Three of the following: AB , EC
, EF

 will be 5, the negative reciprocal
the slope of CR 
2. EC
of the slope of CL. Draw a line through point C
with slope 5 and locate point R so that CR  CL. , EP
3. AP , FP
, BP
, CP

You can use similar reasoning to locate point R if 4. Five of the following: EF, AE
, AB, BC
, CD
, DF
,
the right angle is at L. If the right angle is at R, the        
EB , ED , FC , AC , DB , AF , AD , BF
problem is a little trickier. You can see that in order  (or EDC ) and EBC  (or EAC )
for RC to equal RL, point R will have to be on the 5. EFC
perpendicular line through the midpoint of CL . The , ECF
6. Two of the following: ECD , EDB, EDA, CBF
,

midpoint of CL is (0.5, 3.5). Draw a line with        
CBD , CDA , CDB , FEC , FED , FCA , DEC , DCF ,
slope 5 through this point. Then, try to locate a , BAC
BCA 
point R so that the slopes of RC  and RL are nega-
tive reciprocals. , HB
7. FG 
25. True 26. True 8. Either F or B

27. False. A diagonal connects nonconsecutive vertices. 9. Possible answers: cars, trains, motorcycles; washing
machines, dishwashers, vacuum cleaners; tape
28. False. An angle bisector divides an angle into two players, compact disc players, record players, car
congruent angles. racing, Ferris wheel
29. True  is the measure of the central angle
10. mPQ
30. (4, 1) → (3, 2); (1, 1) → (2, 2); whose sides pass through points P and Q. So,
  110°. Because PQ  and PRQ make up a
(2, 4) → (3, 1); (3, 5) → (2, 2). Yes, the mPQ
quadrilaterals are congruent. full circle, and a full circle has measure 360°,
  360°  110°, or 250°.
mPRQ
y
11. To make the 65° arc, first draw a circle. Then, draw
(–3, 5)
(2, 4) a 65° angle with its vertex at the center of the circle.
The minor arc with endpoints at the intersection
(–4, 1) points has measure 65°. To make the 215° arc, first
(1, 1) x
draw a circle. Then, draw a 145° angle with its
vertex at the center of the circle. The major arc with

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endpoints at the intersection points has measure 17.

360°  145°, or 215°.
A
C
65°
145°
B E

215°

D
  18. Yes 19. No
mAB  65° mCDE  215°
y y
12. Possible answers: concentric rings on cross sections
of trees (annual rings), bull’s-eye or target, ripples 5 5
from a rock falling into a pond
13. x x
–5 5 –5 5

–5 –5

20. No y
8
14.

P Q x
8 16

15. Equilateral quadrilateral (The figure is actually a

21.
rhombus, but students have not yet learned the
properties needed to conclude that the sides
are parallel.)
B
22. A scalene triangle has no congruent sides and an
P Q isosceles triangle has at least two congruent sides.
Therefore, it is not possible to draw a triangle that
A
is both isosceles and scalene.
16. From the way the hexagon was constructed, you 23. Possible answer: 24. Possible answer:
know that the length of each side is s, the same as B A
the radius of the circle. Therefore, the triangles are
equilateral. The perimeter of the hexagon is 6s and C B
the diameter of the circle is 2s, so the ratio is 6s to C A
2s, or 3 to 1. 25. Possible answer: 26. Possible answer:
T P A

A
100°
s

T R

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27. Possible answer: must be a two-way street. Because it is an even-

120° 60° numbered street, 14th Street must run one-way east.
60° 60° The finished diagram indicates that a car traveling
south on S Street could make a legal left turn
120° 120° 60° 120°
onto 14th.
28. An equilateral triangle has three equal sides and N

three equal angles, so it cannot have one right W E

angle. Therefore, it is not possible to draw a S Street
(2 ways) S
triangle that is both equilateral and right.
29. Possible answer:
14th Street
R (1-way east)

3. 28 days. You can draw a vertical number line

T G representing the well. Mark the number line to
show Freddie’s location at the end of each day
12a  6b
30. Each side must have length ,
3 or 4a  2b. (D1, D2, and so on) and the end of each night
(N1, N2, and so on). After marking the results for
several days, you should begin to see a pattern: At
the end of Day n, Freddie is n  2 feet from the
bottom of the well; at the end of Night n, he is
4a + 2b
n feet from the bottom of the well. So, Freddie will
31. Possible answer: 32. Possible answer: first reach the top of the 30-foot well on Day 28.
Top 30
I 2p U
29
2p 28
2p
27
55°
50° 70° 50° 70° E Q 26
2p
25
33. Possible answer: 24
23
E
22
120°
21
K T 20
19
I 18
17
IMPROVING YOUR REASONING SKILLS
Height (ft)

16
In both solutions, the third steps must be third, but the 15
first two steps can be interchanged. 14
13
1. B1 to B3, A1 to A3, A3 to C3; or A2 to C2, A1 to 12
C1, C1 to C3 11
10
2. A4 to C4, A3 to C3, C4 to C2, A1 to C1, C1 to C3,
9
A2 to C2, C3 to C1 8 D6
7 D5
LESSON 1.7 6 D4
5 D3 N5
EXERCISES 4 D2 N4
3 D1 N3
1. Sample answer: Furniture movers might visualize
2 N2
how to rotate a couch to get it up a narrow
1 N1
staircase. Bottom
of well
2. Draw a diagram. S Street is a lettered street, so it
runs north-south. Because S is not a vowel, S Street

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4. Draw a diagram. She will need 28 posts. 9. The locus of all points in the plane that are 3 cm
5 ft
 is two lines, one on either side of AB
from AB , each
5 ft 3 cm from AB . The locus of all points in space that
5 ft
5 ft
are 3 cm from AB  is a cylinder of radius 3 cm with
25 ft .
axis AB

A B 3 cm
45 ft
3 cm
5. Make a number line on which each tick mark
represents 5 meters. Mark the given information 3 cm
on the number line. The final diagram will show A B
that Nadine is ahead.
W O M E N
10. No. The diagram below shows Beth’s route. The
6. 0 feet. When the cable hangs, it is bent in half, with interval between two dots represents 1 km. The time
each half measuring 15 feet. However, the vertical is labeled every 4 km. The diagram shows that Beth
distance from the lowest point on the cable to the will not reach Birnam Woods Road until 8:00, which
horizontal line level with the top of the poles is is not before sunset.
also 15 feet. Therefore, the cable must be hanging Start
vertically. For this to happen, the poles must be 3:00
touching. That is, the distance between the poles Birnam 1 km
Woods
must be 0 feet. Road 1 km 1 km
Cable N
4:00
For these two
15 lengths to be equal, 5:00
20 15 15 20 the cable must be
hanging vertically. 6:00
5 8:00 7:00

7. The locus of all points in the plane that are equally

distant from A and B is the line that passes through
 and is perpendicular to AB
the midpoint of AB .
The locus of all points in space that are equally
distant from points A and B is the plane that passes
through the midpoint of AB  and is perpendicular

to AB .
B
A B
A stay the same, but the x-coordinates would be the
8. The locus of all points that are the same distance
from the two sides of A is the bisector of A.
11. A(0, 0), B(0, 5), C(2, 3), D(2, 1). First, rotate
the horizontal segment AB . The rotated segment
will be vertical with point A at (0, 0) and point B at
(0, 5). Once you draw AB , you can locate the other
vertices relative to points A and B. (You could also
copy trapezoid ABCD onto patty paper or tracing
paper, and then rotate the tracing paper 90°, or a
1
 turn, counterclockwise.)
4
12. C(3, 1), Y(4, 1), N(0, 3); If CYN were
reflected over the y-axis, the y-coordinates would
opposite of what they are now (the points would
be the same distance from the y-axis, but on the
opposite side).
13. ABCD was slid right 3 units and up 2 units. So,
the rule is (x, y) → (x  3, y  2).

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  CP
14. AB , EF
  GH
; i  k, j  k (Just because two 34. They bisect each other and are perpendicular.
lines look parallel or perpendicular, you cannot A
assume that they are parallel or perpendicular.)
15. The perimeter of the first figure is 6, and then the P Q
perimeter increases by 4 with each subsequent
B
figure. So, the perimeter of the second figure
is 6  4(1), the perimeter of the third figure is IMPROVING YOUR VISUAL THINKING SKILLS
6  4(2), and the perimeter of the fourth figure
is 6  4(3). Continuing this pattern, the perimeter
of the eighth figure would be 6  4(7), or 34 cm.

16. Triangles

Acute Right EXTENSIONS

Obtuse
A. Answers will vary. B. Answers will vary.
Scalene Isosceles
Scalene Isosceles
Isosceles Scalene
Equilateral LESSON 1.8

17. EXERCISES
Parallelograms
1. 2.
Rhombuses Squares Rectangles

18. B, D. Net A, when folded, would have too many

sides; in net C the two top squares would coincide;
net E would be missing a side; and net F would 3. 4.
have too many sides in the horizontal direction and
would be missing one in the vertical direction. Only
nets B and D would fold into a cube.
19. B 20. C
21. D 22. A
5. 6.
23. point, line, plane 
24. AB

25. AB 26. vertex

27. AB   CD
28. AB 
29. protractor 30. ABC
31. AB 
  CD 32. congruent to
7. Possible answer:
33. The distance is two times the radius.

r r
P Q

PQ = 2r

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8. Follow Steps 1–4 below. The 3 m-by-4 m face is 15. Pyramid with square base
biggest, so it should be on the “bottom.”

16. Below are sketches of the top and front views. From
the top view, you can see that 17  x  13  45,
so x  15. From the front view, you can see that
Step 1 Step 2 y  18  45, so y  27.
45 17 13
x
y
2m 45

3m 4m 18
x
17 13
Step 3 Step 4
Top Front
9. There are 3  4, or 12, boxes in the base layer, and
17. From this sketch of the front view, you can see
there are 5 layers, so there are 12  5, or 60, boxes.
that x  3  7  2, so x  12. You can also
see that y  2  2  8, so y  4.
3

5 y
7
8
2 2
2
3 4
2 2

10. 11. 3 7 2
x

18. To visualize the solid, cut out a rectangle and tape it

to your pencil. Rotate your pencil to see what shape
the rotating rectangle forms.

12.

19.
13. Pyramid with hexagonal base

20. To visualize the section, imagine slicing an orange.

What shape is revealed?
14. Prism with hexagonal base

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21. 22. True 29. True

23. True

30. (3, 1)
31. Perimeter  20.5 cm; m(largest angle)  100°.
24. False. The two lines are not necessarily in the same
plane, so they might be skew. 32.

8 cm

120°

13 cm

IMPROVING YOUR VISUAL THINKING SKILLS

25. True
First, draw A, B, and C. Because AB  BC  AC,
points A, B, and C are vertices of an equilateral triangle.
C

A B

Now, where does point D go? If it is in the same plane

as A, B, and C, then it can be the same distance from
26. True any two points, but not from all three points. Try
thinking in three dimensions. Imagine placing D above
your paper so that ABD, BCD, and ACD are
equilateral triangles. If you could connect all four points,
you would get a tetrahedron, a three-dimensional figure
with four faces that are equilateral triangles. So, A, B, C,
27. True and D are vertices of a tetrahedron.
D

A C

EXTENSIONS
28. False. They divide space into eight parts. A. Here is one way to divide the solids.
Solids with all straight edges: prism, pyramid
Solids with curved edges: cylinder, cone,
sphere, hemisphere
B. To draw a cube truncated to edge midpoints, first
draw a cube. Then, mark the midpoints of each side
and connect the midpoints surrounding each face to
make triangular wedges at each corner. Finally, erase

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the corners of the cube (you will erase all the cube’s 27. S
lines) to make the truncated cube. This is also called 5 3
a cuboctahedron. T P
O
7

28. A 29. R T

N Y E
R
A P

I E

Draw the truncated tetrahedron in a similar way.

G
A tetrahedron truncated to edge midpoints is an
octahedron. 30. 31. A

32. A
33.

C. Answers will vary. D. Results will vary.

CHAPTER 1 REVIEW
EXERCISES C B D

1. True .
2. False. It is written as QP
34. 35.
3. True 4. False. The vertex is point D.
2 in.
5. True 6. True 125°

7. False. The measure of an acute angle is less than 90°. 5 in.

3 in.
8. False. Here are two possible counterexamples:
D C
36.
A
D
A 40°
P
P B
C

⬔APD and ⬔APC ⬔APD and ⬔APC 37. Here is one possible method. Draw a circle and
are linear angles. are the same angle. one diameter. Draw another diameter perpendicular
to the first. Draw two more diameters so that eight
9. True 10. True
45° angles are formed. Draw the regular octagon
11. False. They are supplementary. formed by connecting the endpoints of the
diameters.
12. True 13. True 14. True
15. False. A pentagon has five diagonals.
16. True 17. E 18. G 19. L 45° 45°
45° 45°
20. J 21. C 22. I 23. No match 45° 45°
24. A 25. No match 45° 45°

26. T

E Y

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38. 114° 39. x  2, y  1 Shed

Shed
40. x  12, y  4 41. x  4, y  2.5
Path of flashlight
42. Find y first. y  12  20, so y  8. x  8  18,
so x  10.
43. The diagram below illustrates the given information.
Ground
3z  12, so z  4 cm. Therefore, AB  4z  16 cm.
12 cm 51. It will take 46 to 50 minutes, depending on whether
A z D z C 2z B
he can stop when he hits his house or must wait
until he is blown back to his house.
44. The diagram below illustrates the given  will be
52. If the triangle is rotated 90° clockwise, AB
 is the bisector of
information. Because BE
a vertical segment. Point B will have the same
DBC, mDBC  64°. Because BD  is the
location as it does now, and point A will be
bisector of ABC, mABD  64°. So,
at (2, 3).
mEBA  mDBE  mABD  32°  64°  96°.
53. 54.
A

E
32°

B
C
55. 56.
45. Drawing radii from each hour mark to the center of
a clock forms 12 central angles, each with measure
360°
30° 12 . The angle formed by the hands at 2:30

includes 312 of those central angles. (At 2:30, the
hour hand will be halfway between 2 and 3.) So, 57.
the angle has measure 3.5(30°), or 105°.
360°
46. 1
2  30°
47. Quadrilateral Quadrilateral

Rectangle Square Rhombus or Rectangle Rhombus Trapezoid

Square
Trapezoid
CHAPTER 2
48. The top and the bottom each need one 9-inch strip
and one 14-inch strip. The four sides each need one LESSON 2.1
5-inch strip. So, the total length needed is 2(9  14)
EXERCISES
 4(5)  66 inches.
1. “All rocks sink.” Stony needs to find one rock that
49. Draw a number line on which each tick mark will not sink.
represents 3 feet. Label the line to show each boy’s
position. The completed diagram shows that Paul 2. Possible conjecture: If two angles are formed by
was 3 feet ahead of George. drawing a ray from a line, then their measures add
up to 180°.
J R G P
3. 10,000, 100,000. Each term is 10 times the previous
50. The dashed segments in the following diagram term.
represent the ladder in various positions as it slides 4. 56, 1. Written with the common denominator of 6,
down the wall. The midpoint of each segment is the sequence becomes 16, 26, 36, 46, 56, 66, . . . .
marked. The path traced by the midpoint is an arc
of a circle or a quarter-circle if the ladder slides all 5. 17, 21. Four is subtracted from each term to get
the way from the vertical to the horizontal. the next term.

Discovering Geometry Solutions Manual CHAPTER 2 25

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